Effects of Differential Item Discriminations between Individual-Level and Cluster-Level under the Multilevel Item Response Theory Model

This study attempted to interpret differential item discriminations between individual and cluster levels by focusing on patterns and magnitudes of item discriminations under 2PL multilevel IRT model through a set of variety simulation conditions. The consistency between the mean of individual-level ability estimates and cluster-level ability estimates was evaluated by the correlations between them. As a result, it was found that they were highly correlated if the patterns of item discriminations were the same for both individual and cluster levels. The magnitudes of item discriminations themselves did not affect much on correlations, as far as the patterns were the same at the two levels. However, it was found that the correlation became lower when the patterns of item discriminations were different between the individual and cluster levels. Also, it was revealed that the mean of the estimated individual-level abilities would not be necessarily a good representation of the cluster-level ability, if the patterns were different at the two levels.

Applying Item Response Theory Methods to Improve the Measurement of Fatigue in a Clinical Trial of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Secukinumab

Background: Many clinical trials include multiple patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to measure fatigue as secondary or exploratory endpoints of treatment effectiveness. Often, these instruments have overlapping content. The objective of this study was to compare the combined measurement properties of two fatigue scales, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) and SF-36 vitality (VT) scale using item response theory (IRT). Methods: The FACIT-Fatigue and SF-36v2 were administered at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 7, 12, and 16 to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 237) enrolled in a 52-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose finding study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous secukinumab administered to pa- tients with active RA. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to investigate unidimensionality among FACIT- Fatigue and VT items. A generalized partial credit IRT model was used to cross-calibrate the FACIT-Fatigue and VT items and weighted maximum-likelihood estimation was used to score a composite fatigue index. Analysis of variance was used to compare the composite fatigue index with the original scales in responding to ACR improvement and treatment effects. Results: CFA found less than adequate fit to a unidimensional model. However, specifications of alternative multidimensional models were insufficient in explaining the common variance among items. An IRT model was successfully fitted and the composite fatigue index score was found to be more responsive than the original scales to ACR improvement and treatment effects. Effect sizes and significance tests for changes in scores on the composite index were generally larger than those observed with the original scales. Conclusion: IRT methods offer a promising approach to combining items from different scales measuring the same concept that could improve the detection of treatment effects in clinical studies of RA.

The Use of Item Response Theory in Survey Methodology: Application in Seat Belt Data

Problem: Several approaches to analyze survey data have been proposed in the literature. One method that is not popular in survey research methodology is the use of item response theory (IRT). Since accurate methods to make prediction behaviors are based upon observed data, the design model must overcome computation challenges, but also consideration towards calibration and proficiency estimation. The IRT model deems to be offered those latter options. We review that model and apply it to an observational survey data. We then compare the findings with the more popular weighted logistic regression. Method: Apply IRT model to the observed data from 136 sites within the Commonwealth of Virginia over five years collected in a two stage systematic stratified proportional to size sampling plan. Results: A relationship within data is found and is confirmed using the weighted logistic regression model selection. Practical Application: The IRT method may allow simplicity and better fit in the prediction within complex methodology: the model provides tools for survey analysis.

Research on the Relationship Between Environmental and Economic Coupling Systems in Bohai Bay Area Based on a Vector Autoregression(VAR)Model

This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(VAR)model is used to analyze and forecast the short-run and long-run relationships between three industrial structures,pollutant discharge,and economic development.The results showed that the environmental index had a long-term cointegration relationship with the industrial structure economic index.Per capital chemical oxygen demand(PCOD)and per capita ammonia nitrogen(PNH_(3)N)had a positive impact on delta per capita GDP(dPGDP),while per capita solid waste(PSW),the secondary industry rate(SIR)and delta tertiary industry(dTIR)had a negative impact on dPGDP.The VAR model under this coupling system had stability and credibility.The impulse response results showed that the short-term effect of the coupling system on dPGDP was basically consistent with the Granger causality test results.In addition,variance decomposition was used in this study to predict the long-term impact of the coupling system in the next ten periods(i.e.,ten years).It was found that dTIR had a great impact on dPGDP,with a contribution rate as high as 74.35%in the tenth period,followed by the contribution rate of PCOD up to 3.94%,while the long-term contribution rates of PSW,SIR and PNH3N were all less than 1%.The results show that the government should support the development of the tertiary industry to maintain the vitality of economic development and prevent environmental deterioration.

Research on the response model of microbolometer

There are certain limitations in the application of uncooled focal plane array （FPA） detector due to the lack of an effective response model which reliably transforms the target temperature to analog output voltage. This paper establishes the response model of microbolometer through researching the detection theory of microbolometer and the heat balance equation under the condition of the pulsed voltage bias. In the establishing process, we simplified the heat balance equation to acquire a simple answer. The experimental data show that, in the temperature dynamic range of 30 K, the biggest tolerance between the model data and the experiment data is 0.2 K; while in the temperature dynamic range of 100 K, it is 1 K. This model can reflect the real response of the microbolometer with only small differences which are acceptable in engineering applications.

Application of quantification theory in risk assessment of mine flooding

Hundreds of mine flooding accidents have occurred in China since the 1950s. These flooding accidents result in submerged working faces, even entire coal mines, leading to tremendous economic losses. It is reported that among 601 state-owned mines in China, 285 mines are exposed to water-inrush risks. The water pressure is becoming larger and larger with the increase of mining depth, leading to an increase of water-inrush hazards. Only when the risk of mine flooding is predicted in a reasonable manner, can we take timely and effective measures to prevent mine flooding from taking place. In our investigation quantification（H） theory is used to study the risk prediction problem about mine flooding. By investigating the main factors which affect mine flooding, eight risk assessment items have been identified. The extent of risk is classified into 4 grades. Given the data from different periods in the Feicheng mining area, a prediction model for the risk of mine flooding is established. The test analysis indicates a model correlation coefficient of 0.97 and the incidence of discrimination is as high as 97.37%, which implies that the effect of the model is quite satisfactory. With the help of computers, this method can be widely applied.

Weighted Likelihood Estimation Method Based on the Multidimensional Nominal Response Model

The Monte Carlo study evaluates the relative accuracy of Warm＇s （1989） weighted likelihood estimate （WLE） compared to the maximum likelihood estimate （MLE） using the nominal response model. And the results indicate that WLE was more accurate than MLE.

Hydrodynamic Response of A Fully Coupled TLP Hull-TTR System with Detailed Modeling of A Hydraulic Pneumatic Tensioner and Riser Joints

Tension Leg Platform(TLP)in deepwater oil and gas field development usually consists of a hull,tendons,and top tension risers(TTRs).To maintain its top tension,each TTR is connected with a tensioner system to the hull.Owing to the complicated configuration of the tensioners,the hull and TTRs form a strong coupled system.Traditionally,some simplified tensioner models are applied to analyze the TLP structures.There is a large discrepancy between their analysis results and the actual mechanism behaviors of a tensioner.It is very necessary to develop a more detailed tensioner model to consider the coupling effects between TLP and TTRs.In the present study,a fully coupled TLP hull-TTR system for hydrodynamic numerical simulation is established.A specific hydraulic pneumatic tensioner is modeled by considering 4 cylinders.The production TTR model is stacked up by specific riser joints.The simulation is also extended to analyze an array of TTRs.Different regular and irregular waves are considered.The behaviors of different cylinders are presented.The results show that it is important to consider the specific configurations of the tensioner and TTRs,which may lead to obviously different response behaviors,compared with those from a simplified model.

Designing of A Computerized Cognitive Adaptive Testing Model

Therecouldbenoscienceasweknowitwithoutmeasurement.Testing,includingallformsoflanguagetestingandpsychometricsitself,isoneformofmeasurement.Alanguagetestmaybedefinedasaprocedureforelicitinglanguageperformanceandaprocedureforassessingthatperformance.How...

The theoretical studies on the two-photon absorption properties of symmetric l,4-bis{2-[4-(2-aryl)phenyl]vinyl}-2,5-bisdialkoxybenzenes

On the level of the time-dependent hybrid density functional theory, the one- and two-photon absorption properties of a series of symmetric 4-bis{2-[4-（2-aryl） phenyl]vinyl）-2,5-bisdialkoxybenzenes are studied respectively utilizing the analytic response theory and the few-state model methods. The calculated results show that the planarity of the geometrical structure plays a great role in enhancing the linear and nonlinear optical abilities of the molecule. However the effect of the length of the chain linked to the π-centre on the optical property is very little. For the investigated compounds, the A-π-A type charge-transfer molecules display more superior one- and two-photon absorption characteristics than the D-π-D type ones. Furthermore, the two-photon absorption results by use of few-state model are generally consistent with those by analytic response theory, demonstrating the reliability of the few-state model for evaluating the two-photon absorption cross section. The numerical simulations are in good agreement in tendency with the available experimental measurements.

慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性量表的编制及信效度检验

背景慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复效果的维持有赖于良好的运动康复依从行为,有效及科学地评估其运动康复依从性具有重要的实践意义,但目前国内外尚缺乏公认的慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性评价工具。目的编制慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性量表,为快速便捷地评估慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性提供科学、适宜的工具。方法在前期慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复最佳证据总结和质性研究的基础上,通过文献回顾、结合课题组意见,形成初始条目池;根据小样本预调查、德尔菲专家函询形成临床测试版量表。便利抽样法选取2020年11月—2021年2月在江苏省3所三级甲等医院心血管内科就诊的稳定期慢性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象。第一阶段发放有效量表274份,结合项目反应理论和经典测量理论对量表的条目进行筛选并进行探索性因子分析,形成正式版量表;第二阶段发放有效量表282份,对正式版量表进行验证性因子分析和信效度分析,形成最终版量表。结果正式量表包括2个维度11个条目。各条目的难度合理,且均未出现逆反阈值,条目区分度、项目信息量及项目特征曲线均较优。量表总的Cronbach’sα系数为0.905,其中“处方依从”维度Cronbach’sα系数为0.895,“监测依从”维度Cronbach’sα系数为0.910。总折半信度为0.724、重测信度为0.902。探索性因子分析结果显示2个因子能解释总变异的70.231%,进一步验证性因子分析的结果显示模型各参数较优,拟合较好。结论本研究构建的慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性量表的条目难度、区分度合理,项目信息量较好,同时具有较高的信度和效度,可作为慢性心力衰竭患者运动康复依从性的评估工具。

工程类专业学位研究生产教融合系统运行模式研究——复杂适应系统理论的分析

工程类专业学位研究生产教融合是产业系统和教育系统互补互融、双向赋能、价值共创的实践,二者共同支撑着工程类专业学位研究生教育高质量发展,具有聚集性、非线性、“流”特性、多样性等特征。借鉴复杂适应系统理论的“刺激-反应”模型与回声模型,本研究提出了工程类专业学位研究生产教融合系统的单主体自适应微观行为模式与多主体交互宏观行为模式。面对环境的复杂性和不确定性,推动工程类专业学位研究生产教融合系统构建要主体联动,发挥产教融合系统生态圈的共生效应;资源统整,建立全链条式异质资源跨界联盟;机制创新,探索产教融合系统多层次调控机制。

简版健康素养量表的开发:基于经典测量理论和项目反应理论

背景健康素养与健康状况密切相关,目前国内研究多倾向于运用多维度、多条目的健康素养测评工具,尚缺少简便且有效的健康素养测评工具。目的简化健康素养量表并在中国人群中进行心理测量学检验。方法从“中国家庭健康指数调查(2021年)”数据中选择18岁及以上人群作为本研究的调查对象,依据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入7449份数据,并随机分为2个样本集,其中样本集1共3680份,样本集2共3769份。对调查对象进行一般资料问卷、12条目健康素养量表(HLS-SF12)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、家庭健康量表(FHS-SF)调查。应用经典测量理论以及项目反应理论中的Mokken模型对HLS-SF12原条目进行筛选,并对精简后的量表进行信效度等验证性分析。结果使用经典测量理论和Mokken模型分别简化出1个9条目版本的量表(HLS-SF9)和1个4条目版本的量表(HLS-SF4)。HLS-SF9与HLS-SF4均无天花板效应、地板效应,二者的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.913和0.842,折半信度分别为0.871和0.815。HLS-SF4经探索性因子分析提取出1个公因子,累积方差贡献率为67.813%,各条目的因子载荷量均>0.81。HLS-SF9经验证性因子分析结果显示χ^(2)/df=10.844、拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.985、调整拟合优度指数(AGFI)=0.971、规范拟合指数(NFI)=0.986、比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.987和近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.051。相关性分析结果显示,HLS-SF9、HLS-SF4与PSSS呈正相关(r=0.367、0.292,P<0.001),与FHS-SF呈正相关(r=0.340、0.237,P<0.001)。HLS-SF9对HLS-SF12的效标效度的一致性水平(ICC)(95%CI)为0.989(0.988~0.999),HLS-SF4效标效度的ICC(95%CI)为0.892(0.886~0.899)。结论简化后的健康素养量表具有良好的信效度,是能够快速测评中国人群健康素养的有效工具,研究者可根据研究精度(HLS-SF9)或测评时间(HLS-SF4)的需求采取针对性选择。

纤维再生粗骨料混凝土冻融损伤及寿命预测

通过在PVA纤维混凝土中掺入再生粗骨料,研究不同再生粗骨料替代率对混凝土力学及抗冻性能的影响,并对混凝土的抗冻性能进行灰色系统理论分析。结果表明:随着再生粗骨料替代率的增加,混凝土的抗压及劈拉强度呈现先减小后增加再减小的变化趋势,拉压比大致呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势。使用Design-Expert软件对混凝土冻融损伤模型拟合参数a及b与再生粗骨料替代率之间的关系进行线性拟合,发现两者之间存在较好的相关性。基于灰色系统理论GM(1,1)模型对混凝土的相对动弹性模量进行灰色系统理论分析,结果显示R0和R30模型精度评为Ⅱ级,其他组评为Ⅰ级;无论再生粗骨料替代率如何,DGM的精度最大,ODGM的精度最小;当再生粗骨料替代率大于50%后,再生粗骨料替代率对混凝土抗冻耐久性寿命影响较小。

企业员工抑郁和焦虑测量与有效性分析

目的评价患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)和广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)两种量表在企业员工抑郁和焦虑测量中的有效性。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在某企业各部门(岗位)抽取1117名员工作为研究对象,采用项目反应理论(item response theory,IRT)中的等级反应模型开展条目分析,评估量表单维性和模型拟合度以及各个条目的区分度、难度系数和信息量,并开展项目功能差异分析。结果研究对象中45岁以下员工661人(59.2%),45岁及以上员工456人(40.8%);男性802人(71.8%),女性315人(28.2%)。PHQ-9和GAD-7的Cronbach′sα系数为0.923和0.951,分半信度系数为0.863和0.940。PHQ-9和GAD-7第一特征根与第二特征根比值均>3,符合单维性假设。PHQ-9各条目的区分度为2.362~3.618,难度系数为-0.949~2.639,平均信息量范围为0.772~1.935;GAD-7各条目的区分度为3.631~5.580,难度系数为-0.469~2.044,平均信息量范围为1.880~3.547。结论PHQ-9和GAD-7可以作为评估企业员工抑郁症和广泛性焦虑症的测量工具。

化零为整的宏观社会数据生成:基于潜变量模型和动态贝叶斯方法

对因果机制和对宏观检验的探寻催生了定量社会学研究对区群层面数据的需求,然而这类高质量的追踪数据资源相对稀缺。传统研究通常通过综合多个来源的个体社会调查数据来构建面板数据集以改善宏观数据匮乏现状,但其亦受制于社会调查在时间和空间分布上的稀疏性以及不同调查间的差异性。本文引介了一种可用于生成区群层面跨时空面板数据的动态贝叶斯潜变量建模框架,并通过应用实例展示了该方法的具体应用过程,比较了动态贝叶斯方法相较于几种常用的缺失值插补方法的优势。本文的示例结果表明,动态贝叶斯潜变量模型在跨时空、多维度的信息整合和参数不确定性探索方面具有重要的优势,可以实现对调查数据缺失年份或地区的估计和插补,大大缓解了社会学研究中面板数据不足的问题。

补偿多维IRT模型的Q矩阵设计

Q矩阵不仅可用于表示项目与各维度之间的关系,还会影响测量模型的可识别性和参数估计精度。本文通过模拟研究,考察了不同Q矩阵设计如何影响补偿多维项目反应理论模型的参数估计精度。研究结果表明:(1)项目间多维设计仅在项目参数估计上占优势;(2)在绝大多数条件下,由模型识别和测量两个维度的项目组成的Q矩阵能提供比其他设计更精确的能力参数向量估计值,同时项目参数估计的误差也在可接受范围内。

纵向题目作答时间模型:对潜在加工速度的变化追踪

本研究提出四个纵向题目作答时间(RT)模型以追踪潜在加工速度的变化。四者的测量模型一致,差异主要体现于描述潜在加工速度随时间变化的结构模型。实证研究结果表明四者均有实践应用性且数据分析结果具有较高一致性。模拟研究表明四者在不同模拟条件下的参数估计返真性均良好。总之,本文提出的四个纵向RT模型具有可应用性且心理计量学性能良好;不仅丰富了纵向RT数据的分析方法,还拓展了纵向潜变量模型的应用范围。

基于相似理论的钢结构模型实验结果修正:以空腹梁为例

以相似理论设计大跨度钢结构缩尺模型试验时常因材料及尺寸等多参数同时畸变的问题而无法正确反映原型结构力学性能。提出了基于响应面法的响应面预测模型对畸变参数进行修正,并考虑材料加工难度及制作成本,基于相似理论设计了三种不同材料制作的1/2空腹梁缩尺模型且梁截面厚度产生畸变,对多参数畸变模型修正前后的误差进行分析。结果表明:建立的响应面方程具有很好的拟合精度和对未知参数的预测能力,在各级均布荷载作用下,多参数畸变的钢空腹梁缩尺模型通过数值模拟及等效刚度理论计算后,未经修正的缩尺模型映射原型结构的力学性能误差较大,而经过建立的响应面模型修正后,误差显著减小,多参数畸变的缩尺模型能够有效地预测原型结构的力学性能。

面向产业协同应急处置的智慧情报服务模式研究

[目的/意义]不确定环境下我国产业发展受到冲击,亟须高质量的智慧情报服务赋能产业危机事件处置,以摆脱危机束缚。[方法/过程]文章重点关注应急管理过程的预防、准备和响应三个阶段,明确产业协同应急处置过程中的情报服务需求;然后以实际需求为牵引,融合区块链与大语言模型技术构建“情报流链条—大模型支撑—联盟链底座”为核心的产业协同应急处置智慧情报服务模式;最后,以我国半导体产业停产危机处置为案例,进行处置过程预防、准备和响应阶段智慧情报服务的实验及效果分析,验证该模式的价值。[结果/结论]从案例和实验结果中可以得出,该模式下预防阶段的预警结果与实际情况吻合,本地知识库与大语言模型的结合让准备阶段智慧问询结果的F1值提升,联盟区块链的高吞吐量和低延迟能够满足响应阶段应急情报信息的高效传输和协同响应。