SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF ROAD SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON TYRE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING

Using a nonlinear time varying tyre model, this paper simulatively analyzes the influence of road surface roughness amplitude and road spatial frequency on automobile ground adhesion ability. The result shows that with the increase of road surface roughness, the tyre adhesion ability declines, and the automotive braking distance increases. Moreover, the reliability of the nonlinear time varying tyre model in reflecting the influence of the road surface roughness is validated. It is testified that this model is an effective dynamic one in the simulation of automotive braking performance on uneven road.

LÉVY AREA ANALYSIS AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR FOU PROCESSES VIA NON-GEOMETRIC ROUGH PATH THEORY

This paper addresses the estimation problem of an unknown drift parameter matrix for a fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in a multi-dimensional setting.To tackle this problem,we propose a novel approach based on rough path theory that allows us to construct pathwise rough path estimators from both continuous and discrete observations of a single path.Our approach is particularly suitable for high-frequency data.To formulate the parameter estimators,we introduce a theory of pathwise Itôintegrals with respect to fractional Brownian motion.By establishing the regularity of fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and analyzing the long-term behavior of the associated Lévy area processes,we demonstrate that our estimators are strongly consistent and pathwise stable.Our findings offer a new perspective on estimating the drift parameter matrix for fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes in multi-dimensional settings,and may have practical implications for fields including finance,economics,and engineering.

Analysis of Dynamic Response of Explosive Disposal Robot to Rough Road Excitation

When the explosive disposal robot traveling over a rough road,it will shake up and down,and generates dynamic loads.Furthermore,the jolt of the explosive disposal robot will result in oscillation and large inertia forces of the explosive,and will effect the stability of the grasped explosive,even cause the explosive slipping from the claw and falling to the ground,which seriously threats the saJety of the robot and around environment.A tracked explosive dispasal robot has been developed at South Chi- na University of Technology.This paper takes the explosive disposal robot and the grasped explosive as study object.Especially fo- cuses on the response analysis of the grasped explosive when the robot traveling over a rough road.Analyzing the vibration character- istic of the explosive and the effects of the robot moving speeds on the stability of the explosive.The dynamic response of the explosive is obtained by simulation,the results show that the velocity of the robot is a sensitivity influence factor on the oscillation of grasped explosive.

Dynamic response to road roughness on a tractor-semitrailer system with driver body model

A linear mass-spring system model of a tractor-semitrailer together withdriver body parts and sprung seat is presented. Natural frequencies of the system are calculated andresponse of components in the system to road roughness is completed by means of computer simulationand power spectral density (PSD) approach in all of road conditions and loading cases. The resultsshow that the severest situation of response of the system occurs when the road in rough conditionand vehicle unladen. The most sensitive frequency to human body parts is around 0.9 Hz, and modeltypes of a human body seem to be not significant to the response of a heavy tractor-semitrailersystem, including to the response of the driver himself.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of interaction between vehicle and road surfaces for 5-axle heavy truck

Based on the analysis of nonlinear geometric characteristics of the suspension systems and tires, a 3D nonlinear dynamic model of a typical heavy truck is established. The impact factors of dynamic tire loads, including the dynamic load stress factors, and the maximal and the minimal vertical dynamic load factors, are used to evaluate the dynamic interaction between heavy vehicles and roads under the condition of random road surface roughness. Matlab/Simulink is used to simulate the nonlinear dynamic system and calculate the impact factors. The effects of different road surface conditions on the safety of vehicle movement and the durability of parts of a vehicle are analyzed, as well as the effects of different structural parameters and different vehicle speeds on road surfaces. The study results provide both the warning limits of road surface roughness and the limits of corresponding dynamic parameters for the 5-axle heavy truck.

New model of propagation rates of long crack due to structure fatigue

By comparison of the characteristics of existing models for long fatigue crack propagation rates, a new model, called the generalized passivation-lancet model for long fatigue crack propagation rates （GPLFCPR）, and a general formula for characterizing the process of crack growth rates are proposed based on the passivation-lancet theory. The GPLFCPR model overcomes disadvantages of the existing models and can describe the rules of the entire fatigue crack growth process from the cracking threshold to the critical fracturing point effectively with explicit physical meaning. It also reflects the influence of material characteristics, such as strength parameters, fracture parameters and heat treatment. Experimental results obtained by testing LZ50 steel, AlZnMgCu0.5, 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel, etc., show good consistency with the new model. The GPLFCPR model is valuable in theoretical research and practical applications.

Use of generated artificial road profiles in road roughness evaluation

In the evaluation of road roughness and its effects on vehicles response in terms of ride quality, loads induced on pavement, drivers＇ comfort, etc., it is very common to generate road profles based on the equation provided by ISO 8608 standard, according to which it is possible to group road surface profiles into eight different classes. However, real profiles are significantly different from the artificial ones because of the non-stationary fea- ture of the first ones and the not full capability of the ISO 8608 equation to correctly describe the frequency content of real road profiles. In this paper, the international roughness index, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration awz according to ISO 2631, and the dynamic load index are applied both on artificial and real profiles, highlighting the different results obtained. The analysis carried out in this work has highlighted some limitation of the ISO 8608 approach in the description of performance and conditions of real pavement profiles. Furthermore, the different sensitivity of the various indices to the fitted power spectral density parameters is shown, which should be taken into account when performing analysis using artificial profiles.

The Profiling of International Roughness Index (IRI) Based on Lagrangian Method

The phenomenological equations of motion for the international roughness index (IRI) have been reviewed and discussed in terms of Lagrangian method in physics. The current paper proposes a practical, two-dimensional model for studying essentially three-dimensional, vibrating,?and?mechanical systems (vehicles). The purpose is to provide a new profiling method for IRI, which is practical in computations and compatible with traditional profiling for roughness of a road-surface. The modern technology employs elaborated sensors such as gyro sensor, Global Positioning System (GPS), magnetometer sensor,?and?accelerometer to measure high-speed longitudinal motions, resulting in time series of big-data expressed as compressed longitudinal spikes. The time series of longitudinal spikes obtained from high-speed longitudinal motions are traditionally considered as a background noise for constructing a profile. The conventional IRI is calculated from big-data of the road profile by employing statistical method, but the Lagrangian model dynamically determines the road profile. The useful concept and relation among the road-roughness function?, associated roughness index (ARI), acceleration and position are introduced and examined in the present paper. The associated roughness index (ARI) defined by the current dynamical approach is examined by applying virtual simulations which represent roughness of a road-surface. The current theoretical model supports and compensates information of interpreting a profile of IRI and elucidates physical meanings for the roughness index of a road-surface.

Live long and Road Trip!

Three Irishmen, Paddy, Sean and Shamus, having left the pub a wee late one night, found them-selves on the road which led past the old graveyard. "Come have a look over here," says Paddy, "it s Michael O Grady s grave, God bless his soul. Helived to the ripe old age of 87. Good blood, those O Grady s!" "That s nothing," says Sean. "Here s one named Patrick O Toole, it says here that he was 95

基于Bluetooth传输的自行式路面平整度测量系统的设计

路面平整度是评价公路,特别是高速公路技术性能最重要的指标之一。如何对其进行快速精确的测量是当前十分重要的课题。文章设计了一套自行式路面平整度测量系统,采用全球首例整合性6轴运动处理组件MPU6050测量车体的倾斜角度,实现了路面平整度的自动获取;Bluetooth传输模块用于智能终端和车体之间进行数据的传送,实现了智能小车的远程控制以及对平整度信号的接收。研究结果表明,采用非接触式检测方法的自行式路面平整度测量系统由于其高速率、长距离、精度高等特点,必将成为路面平整度检测技术的发展方向。

基于BP神经网络和Logistic回归分析的沥青路面平整度模型预测

为了解决国际平整度指数IRI预测模型准确性不高等问题,以路面长期性能(LTPP)数据库实测数据为基础,采用机器学习中BP神经网络建模方法对提取出的数据进行预测分析,并与传统的Logistic回归分析结果做评估对比。分析结果表明,利用传统的Logistic方法和BP神经网络得出的复判定系数分别为0.731、0.876,说明采用的BP神经网络平整度预测模型具有较高效率和预测精度以及较低的复杂度,能够有效评价路面使用性能。

城市新区极端雨洪汇流淹没特性与致灾机理调查研究——以郑州“7.20”特大暴雨(郑东新区)为例

近年来全球极端暴雨发生的可能性与不确定性提高,增加了城市遭遇特大洪涝灾害的风险。城市雨洪与河道洪水有显著差异,灾后雨洪信息快速采集与调研对认清雨洪特性与致灾机理尤显重要。本文以郑州2021年“7.20”特大暴雨为例,结合郑东新区地理与社会环境特点,采用野外调查测量、口述记录、多源数据分析、数值模拟对比相结合的方法开展了城市雨洪汇流淹没特性及致灾机理的调查研究。针对城市雨洪洪痕特征,拟定调查基本方法与适宜工作程序,根据调查区93处洪痕数据绘制了区域雨洪淹没分布图,分析了城市雨洪峰值水位分布特征及调查区汇流特性,探索了道路雨洪汇流流速及行洪道路阻力参数的确定方法。研究表明,城市雨洪地表主要泄流通道是街区道路,汇流方向受连续阻水、导水建筑与路网布局影响,雨洪淹没深度分布与下垫面条件和雨洪汇流特性有关。致灾机理研究分析表明,极端暴雨汇流远超城市排水管网泄流能力,雨洪选择阻力小的街道快速行洪,街道交汇处壅阻引起局部积水严重,这是极端暴雨致灾的直接诱因;而城市新区水系泄洪排涝关系不协调以及清障不力,导致城区河流行洪不畅,干支流异常高水位的顶托,严重降低了管网排涝功能,则是城市雨洪严重积涝致灾的深层原因。研究成果可为城市雨洪调查标准方法的建立与城市新区防洪排涝体系规划提供技术参考。

The Long Road to Energy Independence

面对越来越严峻的能源问题,各国都在积极寻找能减少石油消耗的方法,使用各种燃料来替代汽油就是途径之一,但这种方法实际吗?有专家从各方面提出了质疑。目前从谷物中提取乙醇作燃料的方法会对农产品价格产生压力,运输乙醇需要专门的车辆而不是传统的石油管道,即使是乙醇燃料自身也还存在问题。我们离新型能源究竟还有多远?

基于GA-LSTM自适应卡尔曼滤波的路面不平度识别

准确、快速地识别出车辆当前行驶的路面激励信息,是实现智能底盘控制进而保证车辆平顺性的关键。针对传统路面不平度识别算法准确率低、自适应性差等问题,提出了基于遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)优化长短期记忆神经网络(long short-term memory networks,LSTM)自适应卡尔曼滤波的路面不平度识别算法。基于2自由度车辆悬架模型,通过灰色关联法选择LSTM神经网络的特征输入变量,并采用GA优化LSTM神经网络的模型参数以准确识别路面等级,并据此实时更新卡尔曼滤波器算法中的噪声矩阵,实现了在复杂路况下对路面不平度的自适应识别。仿真和试验研究表明,所提出的基于GA-LSTM自适应卡尔曼滤波算法能够快速准确的识别路面不平度与路面等级,与传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,相关系数、均方根误差和最大绝对误差分别提高3.11%、37.5%和51.2%,表明所提算法对复杂工况具有很好的自适应能力。

道路平整度检测多源数据高精度同步采集

随着使用年限增加,道路出现了不平整等路面损坏情况,急需一种快速、有效的道路平整度检测设备对道路进行检测。设计了一种道路平整度检测多传感器数据同步采集系统,以FPGA为控制核心,利用GPS输出的NEMA数据和高稳晶振建立高精度的时间基准,采用A/D采样的方式进行同步数据采集。为提高系统的抗干扰能力和数据采样的精度,传感器信号调理电路采用差分放大和抗混叠滤波设计。实验结果表明,该系统完成了多传感器数据高精度同步采集,时间同步精度为微秒级,能够为评价路面平整度提供高精度原始数据,具有数据采样精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、成本低等优点,已在武汉夕睿光电技术有限公司的道路检测车上得到成功应用。

高温冻结粉土-不同粗糙度混凝土接触面蠕变特性试验研究

为研究高温冻土-混凝土接触面的蠕变特性,利用自行研制的大型蠕变剪切仪,开展了-1℃条件下冻结粉土与粗糙度分别为0,0.538,0.775,1.225 mm混凝土接触面的分级加载蠕变试验。分析了分级加载条件下接触面蠕变曲线规律及接触面破坏特征,并将分级加载曲线转换为分别加载曲线,研究蠕变速率随时间变化规律,建立剪应力-稳定蠕变速率函数,从而得到接触面长期强度值,进一步建立接触面长期强度与粗糙度的函数关系,以探讨粗糙度抵抗蠕变的作用机理。结果表明:高温冻结粉土-混凝土接触面分级加载强度及剪切破坏时间与粗糙度呈线性正相关,随着粗糙度的增大,剪切破坏界面向土体内部偏移,破坏类型由接触面滑移破坏向土体内部破坏发展;通过陈氏法将分级加载曲线转换为分别加载曲线,得到的分别加载蠕变曲线具有衰减和非衰减蠕变特征;建立稳定蠕变速率与剪应力的函数关系符合arrhenius方程,从而得到接触面长期强度仅约为分级加载强度的20%,说明高温冻结粉土-混凝土接触面具有显著的流变效应;接触面长期强度随粗糙度的增大呈线性增长,接触面粗糙度由0 mm增大到1.225 mm时,长期强度可增大220%,可通过增大接触表面粗糙度的方法提高高温冻土-混凝土接触面的长期强度。

抢险车对92m跨度复合材料桁架桥动态响应的影响

为研究大跨径桁架式纤维增强复合材料(FRP)应急抢修桥梁成桥后的动力性能,基于导梁推送施工92 m跨度的FRP桁架桥模型,编制FRP桁架桥的车桥耦合算法,研究抢险车辆的车速、质量及路面不平顺对FRP桁架桥的跨中竖向位移、竖向加速度和关键杆件轴向应力等指标的影响.结果表明:路面越不平顺,车辆对桥梁结构的冲击作用越大,且路面等级对竖向位移的影响大于对关键杆件轴向应力的影响;车速为20~50 km/h时,车速变化对冲击系数影响较小,但车速超过50 km/h时,车速的影响逐渐增大;车辆质量对桥梁各项指标动力响应的峰值曲线呈线性增大趋势.当车辆质量为2.80×10^(4)kg,车速30 km/h时,最大跨中竖向位移为167 mm,未超过抢修桥梁位移限值(L/120),表明该桥梁的设计可以满足抢险的通行要求.

超长大跨度公铁合建桥梁结构体系研究

新建甬舟铁路西堠门公铁两用大桥连接金塘岛和册子岛,桥位处海域宽2.7 km,最大水深93 m,地形复杂,桥梁设计难度大。为研究超长大跨度公铁合建桥梁合理结构体系,结合地形地质条件,选取主跨1500 m悬索桥、斜拉桥及斜拉悬索协作体系3种桥型方案,对上部结构设计进行详细介绍,并从静力性能、动力性能、经济性能等方面对不同结构体系进行对比分析。研究表明:(1)与斜拉体系相比,协作体系桥可减小30%~50%的主梁内力和60%的桥塔内力,一定程度上解决了加劲梁承受巨大轴压力造成屈曲问题,并有效减小了桥塔规模;(2)与悬索桥相比,协作体系可减小50%的主缆内力,主缆钢丝和锚碇的工程量相应减小,施工难度得以降低,同时协作体系扭转频率更高,降低了结构在较低风速下发生涡激振动的可能性;(3)斜拉悬索协作体系能够充分发挥斜拉结构和悬索结构的组合优势,实现超大跨度的同时具有较大的纵向刚度和竖向刚度,满足铁路行车对结构刚度的要求;(4)对于主跨1500 m级超长大跨度公铁合建桥梁,斜拉悬索协作体系经济性更好。