Linkage between precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources in the monsoon margin:Evidence from arid areas of Northwest China

The isotope composition in precipitation has been widely considered as a tracer of monsoon activity.Compared with the coastal region,the monsoon margin usually has limited precipitation with large fluctuation and is usually sensitive to climate change.The water resource management in the monsoon margin should be better planned by understanding the composition of precipitation isotope and its influencing factors.In this study,the precipitation samples were collected at five sampling sites(Baiyin City,Kongtong District,Maqu County,Wudu District,and Yinchuan City)of the monsoon margin in the northwest of China in 2022 to analyze the characteristics of stable hydrogen(δD)and oxygen(δ18O)isotopes.We analyzed the impact of meteorological factors(temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity)on the composition of precipitation isotope at daily level by regression analysis,utilized the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)-based backward trajectory model to simulate the air mass trajectory of precipitation events,and adopted the potential source contribution function(PSCF)and concentration weighted trajectory(CWT)to analyze the water vapor sources.The results showed that compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL),the slope of the local meteoric water line(LMWL;δD=7.34δ^(18)O-1.16)was lower,indicating the existence of strong regional evaporation in the study area.Temperature significantly contributed toδ18O value,while relative humidity had a significant negative effect onδ18O value.Through the backward trajectory analysis,we found eight primary locations that were responsible for the water vapor sources of precipitation in the study area,of which moisture from the Indian Ocean to South China Sea(ITSC)and the western continental(CW)had the greatest influence on precipitation in the study area.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation are significantly influenced by the sources and transportation paths of air mass.In addition,the results of PSCF and CWT analysis showed that the water vapor source areas were primarily distributed in the south and northwest direction of the study area.

Petroleum geology controlled by extensive detachment thinning of continental margin crust: A case study of Baiyun sag in the deep-water area of northern South China Sea

The relationships between crustal stretching and thinning,basin structure and petroleum geology in Baiyun deep-water area were analyzed using large area 3D seismic,gravity,magnetic,ocean bottom seismic(OBS),deep-water exploration wells and integrated ocean drilling program(IODP).During the early syn-rifting period,deep-water area was a half-graben controlled by high angle faults influenced by the brittle extension of upper crust.In the mid syn-rifting period,this area was a broad-deep fault depression controlled by detachment faults undergone brittle-ductile deformation and differentiated extension in the crust.In the late syn-rifting period,this area experienced fault-sag transition due to saucer-shaped rheology change dominated by crustal ductile deformation.A broad-deep fault depression controlled by the large detachment faults penetrating through the crust is an important feature of deep-water basin.The study suggests that the broad-deep Baiyun sag provides great accommodation space for the development of massive deltaic-lacustrine deposition system and hydrocarbon source rocks.The differentiated lithospheric thinning also resulted in the different thermal subsidence during post-rifting period,and then controlled the development of continental shelf break and deep-water reservoir sedimentary environment.The high heat flow background caused by the strong thinning of lithosphere and the rise of mantle source resulted in particularities in the reservoir diagenesis,hydrocarbon generation process and accumulation of deep-water area in northern South China Sea.

The Dissemination and Contemporary Construction of Folklore in the Context of Multiple Interactions-Take the Liangshan Water Margin as an Example

Folklore is an important carrier to show local culture and express people’s emotions in the way of oral transmission.Tradition holds that folklore loses its vitality without oral narration.However,it is difficult to find the traditional context of telling and disseminating folklore only by word of mouth.More often,under the impetus of multiple contexts and different forces,folklore in multiple media is widely spread through mutual reference and integration.The current situation of the water Margin theory circulating in Liangshan area is enough to illustrate this point.Water Margin has a very long history of inheritance,from government officials to ordinary people,under the influence of different media,dissemination and inheritance,become a rich local cultural capital.In the current social development context,the spread of the outlaws of the Marsh is no longer a simple word of mouth.The emergence of high-tech means such as Television and the Internet,as well as the promotion of cultural tourism,has reconstructed the legend of the contemporary water Margin figures.In the process of the reconstruction of the local legend of the water margin in Liangshan,the joint efforts of national forces and market factors have promoted the blending and exchange of three different levels of literature,such as elite literature dominated by the legend of the water margin,popular literature represented by folk quyi and folk literature spread orally by the general public,forming a communication situation of mutual learning,mutual tolerance and interaction between elegance and customs.

Evaluation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient in Carrot by Remote Sensing Methodology Using Drainage and River Water to Overcome Reduced Water Availability

Searching for alternative methods for traditional irrigation is World trend at days due to a reduction in water and increased of drought due to climate changes therefore farmers need use modern methods of scheduling water and minimizing water losses while also increasing yield. To meet the future increasing demands water and food there is a need to utilize alternative methods to reduce evaporation, transpiration and deep percolation of water. Any countries use recycled water (drain and sewage) and desalination water from the sea or drains to irrigate crops plus computing actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) so as to calculate the amount of water to apply to a crop. The paper aims to assess the actual evaporation and evaporation coefficient of carrots, by planting carrots in a field and the crop was exposed to several sources of water (DW and RW) and comparing ETc, Kc and production among plots of three sites (A, B and C). The study used two types of irrigation water (drain water (DW) and river water (RW)). The results were to monthly rate and accumulated actual evapotranspiration to C (irrigation by RW only) more than A (67% RW and 33% DW) and B (17% RW and 83% DW) via 7% and 58%, respectively. The yield to C more than A and B by 17% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion the use of DW can cause a reduction in crop consumptive of carrot crops also causes a reduction in yield, crop length, root length, root size, canopy of crop, number of leaves and biomass of the plant therefore, the drainage water needs to treated before irrigating crops And making use of it to irrigate the fields and fill the shortfall in the amount of water from the river. The drain water helped on filling the water shortage due to climate changes and giving production of carrot crop but less than river water.

Sedimentary build-ups of pre-salt isolated carbonate platforms and formation of deep-water giant oil fields in Santos Basin,Brazil

In response to the problems of unclear distribution of deep-water pre-salt carbonate reservoirs and formation conditions of large oil fields in the Santos passive continental margin basin,based on comprehensive utilization of geological,seismic,and core data,and reconstruction of Early Cretaceous prototype basin and lithofacies paleogeography,it is proposed for the first time that the construction of pre-salt carbonate build-ups was controlled by two types of isolated platforms:inter-depression fault-uplift and intra-depression fault-high.The inter-depression fault-uplift isolated platforms are distributed on the present-day pre-salt uplifted zones between depressions,and are built on half-and fault-horst blocks that were inherited and developed in the early intra-continental and inter-continental rift stages.The late intra-continental rift coquinas of the ITP Formation and the early inter-continental rift microbial limestones of the BVE Formation are continuously constructed;intra-depression fault-high isolated platforms are distributed in the current pre-salt depression zones,built on the uplifted zones formed by volcanic rock build-ups in the early prototype stage of intra-continental rifts,and only the BVE microbial limestones are developed.Both types of limestones formed into mound-shoal bodies,that have the characteristics of large reservoir thickness and good physical properties.Based on the dissection of large pre-salt oil fields discovered in the Santos Basin,it has been found that both types of platforms could form large-scale combined structural-stratigraphic traps,surrounded by high-quality lacustrine and lagoon source rocks at the periphery,and efficiently sealed by thick high-quality evaporite rocks above,forming the optimal combination of source,reservoir and cap in the form of“lower generation,middle storage,and upper cap”,with a high degree of oil and gas enrichment.It has been found that the large oil fields are all bottom water massive oil fields with a unified pressure system,and they are all filled to the spill-point.The future exploration is recommended to focus on the inter-depression fault-uplift isolated platforms in the western uplift zone and the southern section of eastern uplift zones,as well as intra-depression fault-high isolated platforms in the central depression zone.The result not only provides an important basis for the advanced selection of potential play fairways,bidding of new blocks,and deployment of awarded exploration blocks in the Santos Basin,but also provides a reference for the global selection of deep-water exploration blocks in passive continental margin basins.

Investigating internal waves east of the Hainan Island using optical satellite remote sensing data

Marginal water east of the Hainan Island is where internal waves occur frequently. Few studies have been conducted on these internal waves so far, and their formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the author uses the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite data (CBERS) to detect and calculate the distribution, direction, wavelength and amplitude of internal waves in this area. The results show that the direction of these internal waves is offshore and their wavelength is about 150-200 m. The internal waves can be postulated as formed by upwelling or reversed tide.

Modeling Water Quality Impacts of Growing Corn, Switchgrass, and <i>Miscanthus</i>on Marginal Soils

The goal of the study was to model water quality impacts of growing perennial grasses on marginal soils. The GLEAMS-NAPRA and RUSLE models were used to simulate long-term surface runoff, percolation, erosion, total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate (NO3-N) losses associated with the production of corn-based bioenergy systems (i.e. conventional tillage corn and corn grain plus stover removal), switchgrass and Miscanthus on three marginal quality soils and one good quality soil in Indiana. Simulations showed that switchgrass and Miscanthus had no effect on annual runoff, but decreased percolation by at least 17%. Results also suggested a potential for reduction in erosion for Miscanthus across the soil types examined when compared to corn-based bioenergy production. The production of switchgrass and Miscanthus did not have significant effects on the simulated TP and NO3-N losses in runoff compared to corn production systems. Nitrates leached from fertilized Miscanthus production were approximately 90% lower than NO3-N leached from the production of fertilized switchgrass and corn systems. Additional studies are needed to better understand the hydrology, erosion and nutrient responses of Miscanthus and switchgrass production to meet bioenergy demands.

基于RSM的超细水泥注浆材料配比及性能优化模型

注浆堵水技术已成为水害措施防范向工程治理不可缺少的技术之一,超细材料的研究也成为了目前注浆材料发展的新方向。为了解决矿井水害注浆治理工程中注浆材料优选和配比优化问题,采用单因素试验与响应曲面法(RSM)相结合的方法进行超细水泥注浆材料优化配比研究。首先通过单因素试验对不同水灰比、硅灰(SF)掺量及高效聚羧酸减水剂(PCS)掺量条件下浆液黏度、泌水率及7 d单轴抗压强度进行分析,以确定RSM最佳基准水平,其次构建以浆液黏度、泌水率及7 d单轴抗压强度为响应目标的二次多项式预测模型,结合方差、残差及响应曲面分析各响应变量对响应目标的影响规律,确定注浆材料最优配比。通过单因素试验结果对比分析,发现最优水灰比、SF掺量及PCS掺量分别为1∶1、35%及0.3%。通过RSM研究发现,浆液黏度、泌水率及7 d单轴抗压强度不仅受单一因素影响,且存在多因素交互作用。根据建立的二次多项式响应面回归预测模型可知,当水灰比、SF掺量及PCS掺量分别为0.7∶1、38%及0.2%时,注浆材料性能最优,其回归模拟预测浆液黏度、泌水率及7 d单轴抗压强度分别为210.82 mPa·s、1.0%及12.22 MPa。通过室内试验,其结果与预测模型结果吻合度较高,进一步验证了模型的可靠性,证明了该模型能够用于注浆材料优化配比设计研究。

多用途条件下水经济价值的最小用水效益决定论

基于劳动价值论以及边际效用价值论,提出了价值的边际劳动价值决定论以及多用途条件下水经济价值的评估理论和方法,认为水经济价值取决于供需平衡时各种用途用水效益的最小值或供水成本的最大值。基于该理论和方法,对北京市原水经济价值进行了评估,结果表明,北京市的水经济价值是由效益低的农业用水界定,北京市农业用水效益的估计值更接近水的价值。结合可视为北京市边际供水成本的南水北调水价,2020年北京市原水经济价值应在2.33~4.82元/m^(3)之间。

用文献-传播学方法开拓通俗小说研究新局面——《〈水浒传〉成书时间研究:以〈水浒传〉早期传播史料为中心》读后

在《〈水浒传〉成书时间研究:以〈水浒传〉早期传播史料为中心》一书中,作者采用文献-传播学的方法,对李开先《一笑散》、杨慎《词品》、张丑《真迹日录》、钱希言《戏瑕》、陆容《菽园杂记》、潘之恒《叶子谱》、熊过《故相国石斋杨公墓表》等《水浒传》早期传播史料加以考辨。此举兼具文献及其传播的时效性价值与历史性价值,有助于学界转变思路,客观讨论《水浒传》的成书时间。

桑托斯盆地盐下孤立碳酸盐台地沉积建造与深水大油田

针对桑托斯被动陆缘盆地深水盐下碳酸盐岩储层分布特征及大油田成藏规律不清的难题,综合利用地质、地震及岩心等数据资料,通过早白垩世原型盆地与岩相古地理恢复重建,提出盐下碳酸盐岩沉积建造受控于坳间断隆型和坳中断凸型两类孤立台地。坳间断隆型孤立台地分布于现今盐下坳间隆起带上,建造于早期陆内和陆间裂谷两个原型阶段继承性发育的单断式和双断式垒式断块上,早白垩世陆内裂谷晚期沉积的ITP组介壳灰岩和陆间裂谷早期沉积的BVE组微生物灰岩为连续建造;坳中断凸型孤立台地分布于现今盐下坳陷带中,建造于早期陆内裂谷原型阶段火山岩建隆所形成的凸起带上,发育BVE组微生物灰岩。两类孤立台地灰岩所形成礁滩体均具有储层厚度大、物性好的特点。结合盐下已发现大油田解剖,发现两类台地均可形成大型构造-岩性复合圈闭,周缘为优质湖相和潟湖相烃源岩环绕,上覆为巨厚的优质蒸发盐岩盖层高效封堵,形成了“下生中储上盖”式最佳生储盖组合关系,油气富集程度高。已发现大油田均为具有统一压力系统的底水块状油田,且均处于充满状态。未来勘探重点目标是西部隆起带和东部隆起带南段上的坳间断隆型孤立台地及中央坳陷带中的坳中断凸型孤立台地。该项研究成果为在桑托斯被动陆缘盆地超前选区选带、新项目评价及中标区块探区勘探部署提供了重要依据,也为今后在全球被动大陆边缘盆地深水勘探战略选区提供借鉴。

东胜气田致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰影响因素

为了明确鄂尔多斯盆地北缘致密高含水气藏合采气井层间干扰及其影响因素,指导同类型气藏合采气井高效开发,以该盆地北缘东胜气田致密高含水气藏为研究对象,分析了储集层地质条件、储集层改造对合采井产层段贡献的影响,指出了该类合采气井层间干扰的主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)合采井各产层段贡献率主要受各产层段的孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度控制,其产层段孔隙度占主导地位;(2)储层压裂改造对于提高气井产量具有较大的作用,但对合采井各产层段的贡献率却很小;(3)对于致密高含水气藏而言,含气饱和度是合采井产层段贡献率及层间干扰的一个重要影响因子;(4)合采井各产层段之间的孔隙度级差、渗透率级差及含气饱和度级差直接影响着合采井层间干扰程度。结论认为:(1)合采井产层段的孔隙度越大、渗透性越好、含气饱和度越高,则产层段的产量贡献率越大;(2)合采井孔隙度、渗透率及含气饱和度3个参数的级差越大,层间干扰程度越大,当孔隙度级差大于1.248或渗透率级差大于2.69或含气饱和度级差大于1.22时,合采井层间干扰已经非常严重,亟需开展治理。

Hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep waters of South China Sea controlled by the tectonic cycles of marginal sea basins

The tectonic cycle of the marginal sea basins in South China Sea(SCS)includes two cycles,i.e.,the formation and contraction of Palaeo-SCS and Neo-SCS.The northern part of SCS is a rift basin on a passive continental margin,while the the Nansha Block is a drifting rift basin.The southern part is a compound compressional basin on an active continental margin;the western part is a shear-extensional basin on a transform continental margin;the eastern part is an accretionary wedge basin on a subduction continental margin.The deep-water basins are mainly distributed on the continental slope and the the Nansha Block.There are three sets of source rocks in the deep-water areas of the northern continental margin in SCS,i.e.,Eocene terrestrial facies,early Oligocene transitional facies and late Oligocene marine facies.A set of Late Cretaceous-Early Oligocene terrestrial marine facies source rocks are developed in the drift-rift basin of SCS.Three sets of Oligocene,early Miocene and Mid-Miocene marine-terrestrial transitional facies source rocks are developed in the deep-water areas of both the southern and western continental margins of SCS.Four sets of reservoirs developed in the northern deep waters of SCS are dominated by deep sea fans.Two sets of reservoirs developed in the the Nansha Block are dominated by delta and biogenic reef.The southern part of SCS is dominated by deep sea fan and biogenic reef.Reservoirs of large channels and other clastic facies were developed in front of the estuaries,while biogenic reef bank was formed in the uplift zone.The hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages are mainly presented as Oligocene-Pliocene in the deep waters on the northern continental margin of SCS,Eocene-Lower Oligocene in the the Nansha Block,Oligocene-Pliocene and Oligocene-Miocene in the deep waters on the southern and western continental margin of SCS,respectively.The major hydrocarbon reservoir types in the deep waters of SCS are related to structural traps,deep water fans and biogenic reefs.The formation of basin,hydrocarbon and reservoir in the deep waters of SCS are controlled by the tectonic cycles of the marginal sea basins,revealing a great potential for hydrocarbon exploration.

《水浒传》人物关系网络分析

复杂网络作为复杂系统的一种抽象描述,可用于文学作品中人物关系网络的建模工具。以《水浒传》中的108将为研究对象,采用复杂网络分析方法对该作品中的人物关系进行构建与分析,小说中的人物对应于网络中的节点,人物之间的关系对应于网络中的边。人工搜索标记人物名称,以任意两个人物在同一章回的共现关系为前提,构建人物关系网络,并计算度、介数、集聚系数、稀疏性、相关性等网络指标。结果表明《水浒传》人物关系网络是异配网络,并且具有小世界特性和社区特性。

滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝网络连通性评价

基于岩心、成像测井及裂缝网络建模结果,应用拓扑学理论,对滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝网络的连通性进行了评价,并分析了其对油田开发的影响。研究结果表明:(1)滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝切割类型可划分为高高切割、高低切割和低低切割,研究区A2,A3,G1,G2,G3及G4小层裂缝切割较为发育,且主要分布在构造高部位。(2)裂缝网络连通性可通过连通体面积占比、裂缝体密度、裂缝的平均长度和平均节点数4个参数进行定量评价,根据连通体面积大小、裂缝体密度大小及裂缝类型可对裂缝连通体进行定性分析和命名,研究区A2小层主要发育低低大连通体、高中大连通体和高高大连通体。(3)裂缝网络连通性和储层物性的耦合作用是油田水窜的原因,裂缝网络连通性主要与裂缝长度和裂缝体密度有关。

伊犁盆地南缘煤炭开发区水中放射性特征

为了查清伊犁盆地南缘重点煤炭资源开发区放射性环境现状,同时为煤田安全开发与辐射污染防控提供基础数据。在系统收集以往铀矿水化学调查资料的基础上,通过对研究区内井水、泉水、河水、水文地质长期观测孔内水、生产矿区饮用水及铀矿地浸采区地下水等水源采样分析其放射性活度浓度,初步了解了不同含水岩层中放射性核素的分布特征。本次调查共发现30个地下水铀异常点、10个地表水铀异常点、32个地下水氡异常点,划定地下水铀异常区9处、地表水铀异常区5处、地下水氡异常区11处;铀异常区主要分布在洪海沟—加格斯台、苏阿苏—达拉地一带,多位于铀矿床及其周边;氡异常区受矿床控制明显,个别受断层控制;煤矿排水中天然放射性核素浓度与全疆水平相当,生活饮用水中总α、总β符合生活饮用水卫生标准,但铀矿地浸采区地下水中总α、总β超标,不宜饮用。综合分析认为:研究区内铀异常、氡异常的形成多与附近铀矿化的发育存在密切关系,今后其附近地下水开发利用需要开展进一步的放射性环境评价。

基于沉积学原理的被动陆缘陆坡古地貌恢复方法

深入了解被动陆缘陆坡古地貌如何控制深水重力流储层的形成与分布对深水油气勘探意义重大。在少井探区,基于三维地震的地层厚度印模法在古地貌研究中应用广泛,但是,陆坡区容易因沉积物供给不足而处于“半饥饿欠补偿”状态和陆坡地形坡度的存在会影响该方法的适用性和准确性,对沉积体系和油气储层的分布特征分析产生不利影响。为此,根据沉积型陆坡的特点,对地层厚度印模法进行了两方面的补充与改进:其一,通过三维地震资料的分析明确目的层陆坡补偿状态,讨论了地层厚度印模法的适用性;其二,根据研究区陆坡演化过程,以沉积物体积等分方式求取目的层段各层序对应的潜在坡度趋势,基于此实现古陆坡地形坡度校正。利用改进后的方法对非洲西部尼日尔三角洲盆地下陆坡古地貌进行恢复的结果与研究区现有构造演化认识高度一致,符合“构造活动主导地貌特征”这一普遍认识。另外,地震属性刻画出的深水沉积体系分布特征与古地貌恢复结果间存在良好的耦合关系。应用实例证明了改进方法的科学性和研究区古地貌恢复结果的客观性。

Drainage of paddy terraces impacts structures and soil properties in the globally important agricultural heritage of Hani Paddy Terraces,China

Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustainability of subsequent agricultural production are still unknown.Hani Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems,are threatened by paddy fields drainage.Here,changes in terrace structure,the productivity of topsoil(0-20 cm),and soil water holding capacity at 0-70 cm depth were determined in a case study of Hani Paddy Terraces in Amengkong River Basin in Yuanyang County in Southwestern China,which had been converted into dryland terraces for 2-14 years.Our results showed that:(1)The degree of terrace structures degradation exhibited a U-shaped curve with increasing time since draining,with those drained for 5-9 years having the best structure;(2)Soil productivity index decreased first and then increased with time after conversion;(3)Maximum water holding capacity at 0-70 cm soil depth dramatically decreased after conversion and such trend became increasingly obvious with increasing time since conversion.Our study revealed that drainage of paddy terraces along with associated changes in crop and field management led to an increase in soil productivity,but degradation of terrace structures and a decrease in water holding capacity will inhibit restoration to paddy terraces.These findings enhance the understanding of the biophysical changes due to marginalization in paddy terraces.

“水浒戏”叙事结构流变及成因探析

水浒戏是水浒故事发展过程中的一个重要阶段,傅惜华编著的《水浒戏曲集》(第一集)收录了元明清三代水浒戏杂剧共十五部。这些杂剧数目虽然不多,但反映了由元至清水浒戏在人物、情节、主题三个维度的变化。由“水浒戏”叙事结构演变之一隅,可窥见时代话语、戏曲生态、作者立场、《水浒传》主题和读者接受多方合力的共同作用,以便深刻了解水浒旨趣。

《水浒后传》中的女性群像研究

作为水浒故事的余波与延宕,《水浒后传》塑造了一系列的女性形象,对《水浒传》中的女性有继承也有发展。尽管她们不是《水浒后传》中的主要人物,但通过水浒英雄对她们的态度,能在一定程度上反映出当时社会以及作者的女性观。在新旧文化的冲突之下,作者的贞节观也存在矛盾之处。