＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ --Film, Unionism, and Working Class Community Formation in Detroit, 1933-1939

Ever since Lawrence Goodwyn published The Populist Moment, social historians have been keenly aware of the power culture represents when it comes to resistance. Historically, ＂movement culture＂ has been used to create a collective climate and offered political activists a springboard to discuss with the masses the benefits of joining a social movement. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ uses the cultural outlet of film and the labor movement in the city of Detroit as analytical tools to examine working class community resistance throughout the 1930s. In the midst of the ＂golden age of film＂ community activists and union organizers--some of whom were well-known radicals and some of whom were mainstream unionists--used the institution of cinema to instill a level of class consciousness in the masses and mobilize the working class community against exploitation of employers, reactionary politicians, and white supremacist organizations. Movie-going had been a very popular form of recreation in Detroit since the 1920s and downtown theatres increasingly became the destination of an eclectic array of workers. Movie theaters themselves were bastions of community activity around the thirties and many were located in the heart of the city＇s working class district. Yet it was the films themselves that offered community activists and unionists a chance to converse with workers regarding the socio-economic matters of the day. Hollywood released a good number of films that dealt with working class issues and provided activists with ample opportunities to ＂instruct＂ the audience and carry on the discussion into the factory or union halls. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ relies on a combination of oral histories, movie reviews, film clips, and union and/or working class organizational records to illuminate how activists in Detroit＇s working class community used film as an outlet to inspire working class resistance. In sum, film provided an accessible form of entertainment that proved to be effective on two fronts： It promoted increased group cooperation, friendship, and alliances while it also fostered a shared culture, making it easier for activists to organize workers in the coming struggles for unionism.

Work experience of special workers returning to work after the public health emergency:taking ICU nurses who have been infected with COVID-19 as example

Objective:The occurrence of some public health events inevitably endangers medical personnel,and medical personnel,as a special group,have to resume work on time to treat patients.This coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)infection is a good example,and what intensive care unit(ICU)nurses experience as the primary caregivers of critically ill patients after COVID-19 infection is our focus.To explore the work experience of ICU nurses after recovery from COVID-19,and to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention to improve the physical and mental health level and work experience of special workers in public health emergencies.Methods:We conducted an explorative descriptive study using an inductive thematic analysis.Using the maximum differential sampling method,a semi-structured interview was conducted among 13 ICU nurses suffered from COVID-19 in a tertiary grade A hospital in Qingdao,Shandong Province.This study carried on the theme analysis according to the inductive content analysis method and used MAXQDA 2020 Analytics Pro(VERBI Software GmbH,Berlin,Germany)to manage and summarize the interview data.Results:After being infected by the virus,SARS-Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the pathogen of COVID-19,the work experience of ICU nurses was extracted from the following 5 themes:(1)Stress and challenge caused by the change of work focus;(2)downsizing,overtime,taking up work with illness,and physical discomfort;(3)dedication and family debt;(4)unknown fear and helplessness;and(5)professional responsibility and sense of benefit.Conclusions:Under the pressure of COVID-19,ICU nurses face multiple pressures and challenges,and their emotions are complex.We suggest that nursing managers should take corresponding measures to alleviate nurses'physical and psychological pressure and improve their work experience.

The Effect of Class and Employment Type on the Awareness of Irregular Work Issues in Korea and ｜apan

Recently, there is greater recognition and increased attempts to protect the rights of irregular workers within Korea and Japan, especially in Korea. This is because of more and more public awareness of the polarization in material conditions between regular workers and irregular workers. So, this study focuses on the main factors explaining awareness of irregular worker issues of each of the classes, and relationship between class consciousness in both countries. The result shows that among factors affecting awareness of irregular work issues, negative effect of subjective employment stability was significant in both countries. In regard of anti-flexibility, while strong class effect was observed in Korea, negative effect of anti-neoliberalism was observed in Japan. This is seemingly contradictory that who opposes neoliberal economic policies agrees with labor market flexibilisation. This phenomenon could be explained by labor market characteristics in Korea and Japan. Japanese labor market is characterized by low flexibility and strong segmentation, while Korean labor market is characterized by high flexibility and strong segmentation. Interaction of these two characteristics increases the labor market inequality in Korea.

Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

Work in Cooperation for A New Chapter in the Cause of International Human Rights——Speech by Yang Jiechi,Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China at the Inaugural Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council

Mr Chairman, I would like to start by congratulating you, on behalf of the Chinese Govern- ment, on your assumption of the Chair of the inaugural session of the Human Rights Council. I have every confidence that under your able leadership this session will be successful.

The Effective Approach to Interactive English Classes --- Group Work

A series of study and investigation has been made on the basis of the theory of group work. The purpose is to study the effectiveness of group work in the interaction class, thus to attract more English teachers＇ attention to seek for the new approach to the breakthrough of traditional English class mode.

Numerical study of n-heptane/benzene separation by thermal diffusion column

In this article,numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance of the thermal diffusion column for the separation of n-heptane/benzene mixture.The present work tried to optimize column by analyzing significant parameters such as feed flow rate,temperature and cut.In order to obtain the hydrodynamic and temperature and mass distribution inside thermal diffusion column,computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method is applied to solve the Navier-Stocks equations.Numerical simulations are conducted to study the main parameters in both stationary and time-dependent conditions.By using the separation work unit as a function of cut,the optimal cut for maximum SWU occurs within a limited range of 0.47-0.5 for feed rate between 0.5 and 4 g min^-1.Our findings reveal that the optimum feed rate in the range of optimum cut is about 1 g min^-1.In transient study,results show that the best cut for reaching to steady-state condition is θ=0.5.

A Study on Control System of Robot Working Unit for Automatically Welding Nipples onto Header of Boiler

The difficult problem of automatically welding nipples onto the header is first analyzed in this paper, and then the overall structure and operating principle of the robot working unit are introduced. The robot and the measuring device are located by employing the traveling lorry, and this unit enables the robot to adjust the tracks according to the errors received from the measuring device, and then the nipples are welded properly. This paper emphases on the development of the master-slave control system, in which the prograrmmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used as the master computer.

Properties of Quaternion Algebra over the Real Number Field and Z_p

The ring of quaternion over R,denoted by R[i,j,k],is a quaternion algebra. In this paper,the roots of quadratic equation with one variable in quaternion field are investigated and it is shown that it has infinitely many roots. Then the properties of quaternion algebra over Zp are discussed,and the order of its unit group is determined. Lastly,another ring isomorphism of M2（Zp） and the quaternion algebra over Zp when p satisfies some particular conditions are presented.

Estimation of Copper, Silver and Gold Coverages on the Iridium Field Emitter Tip Surface

The work described in this paper is a study of the estimation of copper, silver and gold coverages on the iridium field emitter tip surface. The study has been carried out by using a simple field emission microscope designed especially for the purpose of the adsorbate coverage calibration. It was equipped with an iridium field emitter tip. On one side of the microscope was the vapor source 12.5 cm from the tip, and on the other side 16.2 cm from the source was a quartz crystal oscillator. The crystal leads were spot welded to a two-pin tungsten-glass press-seal. In front of the crystal, a nickel shield was mounted in which there was a circular hole of an area of 0.0804 cm2, slightly smaller than the surface of the crystal, to prevent shorting of the conducting ends of the crystal which would be brought about by the condensed metal. The sensing crystal inside the microscope was driven by a small circuit placed just outside the microscope. The driving circuit was in turn connected to another circuit which comprised a frequency comparator unit which could read the frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator before and after the deposition of the adsorbate and gave a direct digital reading of ?(f is the resonance frequency of the crystal before the deposition of the adsorbate and Δf is the difference in the frequency of the oscillator after and before the deposition of the adsorbate on the crystal). The mass added to either side of the crystal alters its resonant frequency. The frequency shift obtained for a certain thickness of the deposited film depends on the density of the deposited film [1] [2].

Two Divergent Cases of Protracted Humanitarian Aid Operations:The World Bank and UNRWA(1949-2017)

The refugee convention of 1951^1 defined a refugee as“someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to the well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race,religion,nationality membership in particular social group,or political opinion.”The convention also lays down basic minimum standards for the treatment of refugees,without prejudice to States granting more favorable treatment to refugees.Such rights include access to courts,to primary education,to work,and the provision for documentation,including refugee travel documents in passport forms”.None of these conditions have been applied to the Palestinian refugees.Following Israel’s war of independence in 1948-49,about 800,000 Palestinians became refugees mainly in Jordan,Syria,Lebanon,and Egypt,where their descendants still live.UNRWA was created in 1949 as a“fire extinguisher”to provide the refugees in these four States with short-term survival assistance.UNRWA’s original mandate was for three years,assuming that the refugees will soon be absorbed by the countries of their refuge.This hope never materialized,and almost 70 years later,the third and fourth generation of Palestinians are still being considered by UNRWA as“refugees”.Our research shows that flows in UNRWA’s working principles have resulted in the prolonging of the problem,and the hindering of its resolution.A comparison with the World Bank’s assistance programs proves that UNRWA’s programs are clearly part of the problem and not part of the solution.

Analysis of Software Development and Enhancement Projects Work Effort per Unit Based on the COSMIC Method with Regard to Technological Factors—Case Study

This paper aims to present a case study that consists in the analysis of work effort per unit of software systems Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP) depending on technological factors. That analysis was commissioned by one of the largest public institutions in Poland. This is the COSMIC (Common Software Measurement International Consortium) function points method that is chosen by this institution as a point of reference for size of software systems developed/enhanced for supporting its functions and therefore this method is the base for the analysis of D&EP work effort per unit with regard to technological factors.

Accounting for Heterogeneity in Stop Frequency Models of Work Tours Using Latent Class Poisson Models

Stop frequency models, as one of the elements of activity based models, represent an important part of travel behavior. Unobserved heterogeneity across the travelers should be taken into consideration to prevent biasedness and inconsistency in the estimated parameters in the stop frequency models. Additionally, previous studies on the stop frequency have mostly been done in larger metropolitan areas and less attention has been paid to the areas with less population. This study addresses these gaps by using 2012 travel data from a medium sized U.S. urban area using the work tour for the case study. Stop in the work tour were classified into three groups of outbound leg, work based subtour, and inbound leg of the commutes. Latent Class Poisson Regression Models were used to analyze the data. The results indicate the presence of heterogeneity across the commuters. Using latent class models significantly improves the predictive power of the models compared to regular one class Poisson regression models. In contrast to one class Poisson models, gender becomes insignificant in predicting the number of tours when unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. The commuters are associated with increased stops on their work based subtour when the employment density of service-related occupations increases in their work zone, but employment density of retail employment does not significantly contribute to the stop making likelihood of the commuters. Additionally, an increase in the number of work tours was associated with fewer stops on the inbound leg of the commute. The results of this study suggest the consideration of unobserved heterogeneity in the stop frequency models and help transportation agencies and policy makers make better inferences from such models.

Under Pressure:The Work in Brazilian Creative Industries and the New Era of Globalization

The aim of the article is to examine the work in Brazilian creative industries in the new era of globalization.The main argument indicates that creative professionals are increasingly encouraged to assume entrepreneurial skills.Although work in creative industries is typically characterized by expressive,intrinsically motivating,and autonomous content,socio-occupational conditions are typically unfavorable.The adverse work conditions of the Brazilian creative class,in the context of globalization,can be identified in precarious contracts,the lack of social guarantees,the management of fear and moral harassment,and the imposition of unattainable production goals on workers.

The Sociocultural Analysis of the Development of Communism Movement in China

The initiation of the communism group and the founding of the Communist Party of China are deeply rooted in China’s political,economic,and social environments,which are not simply the result of Soviet Russia’forced export of revolution.Out of the complete disappointment in China’s political reality and the profound reflection on its economic oppression,Chinese progressive intellectuals have yearned for one ideal society since the Republic of China,which is represented by socialism.The practical successful road provided by October Revolution caters to China’s trend.Therefore,the early Chinese communists begin to change their clothes and enter the labor masses.They look forward to establishing a revolutionary proletarian regime and carrying on economic career based on communist principle so as to promote national construction.Under the long-term promotion of the early communists,the former poor and undisciplined working class would bring the concept of socialism into their own life.

Derivation of Plastic Work Rate Done per Unit Volume for Mean Yield Criterion and Its Application

In Haigh Westergaard stress space linear combination of twin shear stress and Tresca yield functions is called the mean yield （MY） criterion. The mathematical relationship of the criterion and its plastic work rate done per unit volume were derived. A generalized worked example of slab forging was analyzed by the criterion and its corresponding plastic work rate done per unit volume. Then, the precision of the solution was compared with those by Mises and Twin shear stress yield criterions, respectively. It turned out that the calculated results by MY criterion were in good agreement with those by Mises criterion.

Tables of Pure Quintic Fields

By making use of our generalization of Barrucand and Cohn’s theory of principal factorizations in pure cubic fields and their Galois closures with 3 possible types to pure quintic fields and their pure metacyclic normal fields with 13 possible types, we compile an extensive database with arithmetical invariants of the 900 pairwise non-isomorphic fields N having normalized radicands in the range 2≤D3. Our classification is based on the Galois cohomology of the unit group UN, viewed as a module over the automorphism group Gal(N/K) of N over the cyclotomic field K=Q(ξ5), by employing theorems of Hasse and Iwasawa on the Herbrand quotient of the unit norm index (Uk:NN/K(UN)) by the number #(PN/K/PK) of primitive ambiguous principal ideals, which can be interpreted as principal factors of the different DN/K. The precise structure of the F5-vector space of differential principal factors is expressed in terms of norm kernels and central orthogonal idempotents. A connection with integral representation theory is established via class number relations by Parry and Walter involving the index of subfield units (UN:U0).?The statistical distribution of the 13 principal factorization types and their refined splitting into similarity classes with representative prototypes is discussed thoroughly.

Students' In-group Interaction in Chinese ESL Class

The traditional teacher-centered ESL class has been prevalent in China for years. Under this circumstance, teachers tend to adopt a spoon-fed teaching method, and become the dominator in ESL class by setting the same instructional pace, explaining a grammar point, leading drill work; while the students' in-class participation is relatively low. As a result, students with different learning styles often feel suffocated in this teacher-dominated class; they desire to have more opportunities to participate in the free interactions or group discussions.Based on the theoretical framework of interactive teaching approach suggested by Lightbown and Spada(1993),the research aims to analyze the merits of students' in-group interaction and to examine the feasibility of implementing it in Chinese ESL class. The research reveals that in-group interaction can cultivate students' independent learning habits by granting them autonomy to bring about the problem and tackle them. Nonetheless, different perceptions from several students and teachers upon group work may influence the usefulness. The research strives to be instructive for the more efficient application of in-group interaction in Chinese ESL class.

Diversity and Structure of Miombo Woodlands in Mozambique Using a Range of Sampling Sizes

Forest assessments are essential to understand the tree population structure and diversity status of forests and to provide information for biodiversity recovery planning. Unfortunately, the majority of Miombo woodlands in Mozambique lack of inventory data, and consequently are often insufficient for management. This study aimed to assess the species richness, diversity and structure of Miombo woodlands using a range of sampling sizes in Mocuba district, Mozambique. Plant inventory was carried out in 128 systematically selected sample plots in 71.6 ha, which was divided into eight treatments, i.e., TI： 0.1 ha; T2：0.25 ha; T3：0.375 ha; T4：0.5 ha; T5：0.625 ha; T6：0.75 ha; T7：0.875 ha; T8：1.0 ha, with 16 repetitions. All stems _〉 10 cm diameter at breast height, and species name to evaluate the floristic composition, richness of tree species, diversity and diameter distribution were recorded. A total of 36,535 individuals were recorded, belonging 124 species, 83 genera and representing 31 botanical families. The most important species was the Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. and the richest botanical family was Fabaceae. The forest showed an average of 517 ＋ 85 trees/ha, and high species diversity and evenness. Analysis of covariance shows that the intercepts and slope of exponential function for diameter distribution are not significantly different for the eight treatments. Compared with the entire composite forest, inventory means were accurately estimated and size class distributions were well represented for plots 〈 0.25 ha, for selecting an efficient sampling design suited to forest characteristics and the inventory＇s purpose.