Analysis of Viewing Paintings from the Perspective of Iconography

Distinguished from purely formalistic research methods,iconography pursues the interpretation of the hidden historical and humanistic connotations behind artworks,and is a discipline that combines visual text and content analysis methods.Combining the three stages of iconography proposed by Panofsky,the paper studies Shizeng Chen’s Viewing Paintings from the perspective of iconography,summarizing the formation and change of the images and contents of the artworks in the cultural system and civilization at that time,as well as their implied ideology,and analyzing the hidden spirit of the times and the historical significance behind them,so as to expound their iconographic significance.Through an in-depth discussion at three levels:pre-pictorial iconographic description,iconographic analysis,and iconographic interpretation,the facts and surface contents reproduced in the images,the traditional level of literary,artistic,and cultural knowledge,as well as the interpretation of the potential meanings are revealed.

“Focusing on Treating the Spirit(神)”in Acupuncture and Moxibustion:The Dialectical Unity of Regulating the Body and the Spirit

“Focusing on treating the spirit(神)”is an important principle in acupuncture and moxibustion.It is a unique psychosomatic therapy involving the doctor and the patient,which includes regulating the spirit and the body.Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to it.Focusing on treating the spirit is also a component of the standards of medical ethics.Only when doctors have noble medical ethics can they achieve clinical treatment of the mind and give full play to their skills to cure diseases.Focusing on treating the spirit runs through the entire clinical process of acupuncture and moxibustion.Before the treatment,it is necessary to focus on the spirit to distinguish the spirit and qi.During the treatment,attention should be paid to the mind to regulate the spirit and qi.It is the premise of clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion and the key to the curative effect.Focusing on treating the spirit is also in the realm of doctor-patient double treatment,which requires doctor-patient communication before treatment and the preservation of the body and spirit after treatment.Therefore,concentration of the mind is the key to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (Ⅲ):Unity of Spirit and Body:Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Human life activities are inevitably affected by the surrounding environment,such as natural and social environment.It is the basic principle of TCM to set a series of medical practice activities.TCM believes that the social environment has an inestimable influence on the mind and body of human beings.This study introduces the unity of spirit and body in traditional Chinese medicine.

Body Pushers: Low-Dose CT, Always the Best Choice? A Study of the Diagnostic Performance of CT Scout View

Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the diagnostic information contained in the CT scout view in the detection of body packing. Materials and methods: Retrospect analysis of 43 CT scans between July 2011 and June 2013 in asymptomatic suspects of body packing (29 men, 14 females, mean age 38 ± 9 years). Results: A total of 11 positive cases of body packing were identified. In 10 (91%) of the cases packets were relatively large and spares in number (3 or less);in 7 (64%) a single packet has been identified. 6 (55%) of the packets were located rectally, 4 (36%) vaginally and in 1 (9%) case multiple small packets of approximately 1 cm in size were found to have been ingested orally. Maximum and minimum diameters were 5.9 ± 3 cm and 2.9 ± 1.4 cm, respectively. The mean weight of packets was 7.5 ± 4.2 g (range 2 - 54 g). In 73% (n = 8) heroin had been detected;other drugs such as cocaine (n = 1) and cannabis (n = 1) were encountered once, respectively. One packet was identified retrospectively and its content could therefore not be identified. The average effective dose was 3.8 ± 2.1 mSv for CT, of that 0.12 ± 0.01 mSv was required for the CT scout view. Conclusion: If CT scout view were treated as a diagnostic image, some CT scans may be omitted, thereby maintaining streamlined operations and achieving further dose reduction jointly in the workup of body packing.

Participation in Mind-Body-Spirit Programs and Length of Stay in a Residential Addiction Treatment Facility: A Retrospective Analysis

Length of stay in treatment is thought to be the best predictors for long-term recovery from substance use disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in mind-body-spirit (MBS) therapeutic programs and length of stay in a residential treatment facility. A retrospective analysis of data from 1719 subjects who were admitted to a 30-day residential program for substance use disorders (SUD) was conducted. Subjects participated in MBS programs that included yoga, acupuncture and meditation. We examined the effects of subject participation in MBS programs for subjects who left against staff advice (ASA) and those who successfully completed the residential program. A higher percentage of subjects with severe heroin use disorder left ASA compared with subjects with severe alcohol use disorder (16% vs. 9%, respectively). Most subjects from both substance groups who failed to complete the 30-day treatment program, left within the first two weeks of stay (59% of alcohol group and 75% of heroin group);however, again, the percentage of heroin users leaving during the first two weeks was significantly greater compared with that of alcohol subjects. We found a highly significant, positive correlation (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in LOS for all subjects, regardless of the substance type, and the number of MBS program sessions attended showing an association between MBS participation and increased LOS. These data support the inclusion of MBS programs as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for SUD in combination with traditional counseling to help develop a sustainable long-term recovery.

The Mentally Offset Human and the Society

A human being is a complex type of creature whose existence depends on three components;the spirit, the soul and the body which interact in a reversible manner. I do believe that there comes a time when there is lack of a reversible interaction between the soul and the spirit in certain individuals which leads to a state of mental offset. For humans to live in sociality the world is governed by humans’ laws but the mentally offset human do not live according to these laws. Due to this, they are considered as being useless in the society but I do believe that they have complete natural human rights and are not useless for they are aware of each act they perform. It is observed that the mentally offset human hardly acquire a disease from natural origin, I do believe that due to this lack of a reversible interaction between the soul and the spirit, the immune system is reprogrammed such that there is a lack of recognition of exogenous and endogenous pathological substances and there is no means of interaction between these substances and the body cells.

Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS

The Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, a new CAS research body inaugurated in March 2002,comes from the merger of two former CAS research affiliates:Changchun Institute of Geography and Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization in Harbin.……

Common problems in the TCM intellectualized development and strategies for its sustainable development

To inherit and develop the traditional Chinese medicine, the scientific and technological innovation is the key. With the development of the artificial intelligence （AD, it provides strong technical support for the development of the TCM intellectualized development. But there are many common problems in the intellectualization of the traditional Chinese medicine. The practicability is not strong, with the lack ofsystematicness, and it cannot reflect the core thought of the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. This article focuses on these problems and puts forward the basic strategies for the intellectualization and sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine, advocating that the intellectualization of the traditional Chinese medicine should adhere to the holistic point of five internal organs, the holism of body and spirit and the holism of human beings and universe.

智能革命对人性的深度拷问

当科学技术发展到影响人类行为的所有领域时,合乎伦理的技术发展和基于技术发展的伦理学研究就成为时代之需。因为智能机器的自主性、适应性和交互性带来了人类劳动或工作形态的大变革,突破了传统的制度安排和伦理规范的限度,提出了如何重新理解“自由”“劳动”“成功”等关乎人性的概念问题;基因编辑、脑机接口等技术的发展促进了人的身体技术化趋势,互联网、大数据、元宇宙、可穿戴设备等技术的发展导致了人的精神技术化趋势,提出了如何认知人的身体边界、精神愉悦、自我尊严、自我实现乃至生命意义等关乎人性的实践问题。对这些问题的回答,建立在对人性的深度拷问之基础上。这开启了“人,成之为人”的第二个过程,提出了必须平衡科技发展与人类价值保护,平衡技术的应用价值与社会责任的要求。这种情况表明,人类社会在从工业文明转向智能文明的过程,迫切需要重塑或营造有利于人的身心成长和生命意义提升的人文环境。

基于形气神三位一体生命观探讨2型糖尿病发病机理

形、气、神构成了生命的三个要素,基于形、气、神三位一体生命观探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)的发病机理。指出T2DM的发生、发展是形、气、神发生了病理改变。并且分别从形、气、神三个方面展开论述。其中形的改变有形态结构改变、形体动作异常和有形精微物质改变;气的改变有气不足和气化失常;神的改变有嗜欲太过和情志失调,为临床诊治T2DM提供新思路。

经典针灸身体构建思想探微与理论表达

综合运用中医文献学、历史学、训诂学等多学科方法,在中国学术传统科学与哲学“道术相合”及“虚实结合”视域下,系统考掘、分析了居于经典针灸理论底层的“中国式”身体构建思想,并推进相关经典理论的现代表达研究。打破现代语境下的身、体不分,对身部与体部分别从整体与重点、实体与抽象等多维度进行考察,阐述了身部整体性的“双筒”观与重视膈、脐的横向观,探索了体部经筋、经脉的虚实相合,以及经络、腧穴设立的纵横互用。进而结合人体运动模式和“阳受气于四末,阴受气于五脏”探讨了“形气统一”的身体之合,并触及和展望了与身体扣合的“神体”层面。在考探身体构建视角过程中,结合中西医互鉴,涉及了奇经大络、六经五体、巨刺缪刺等针灸经典理论的考释与现代表达。

论颜元的身体教育观及其现代价值

明末清初思想家颜元针对宋明理学脱离实际、虚悬空疏的弊端,批判理学的人性二元论,从“性”和“形”融通为一的人性一元论出发,在理气之辩的基础上提出身体即为气质的原型,身体是作圣成圣之具,身体通过习行实践完善人性的身体观。以其身体观为基石,颜元形成了围绕身体的“践形尽性”的身体教育观,包括培养身心兼顾发展的人的教育目标,与实践联结的立足于客观事物的教育内容,讲习辩相结合的注重主体间互动交流的教育方法。在当今身体“缺席”的教育态势中,颜元的身体教育观对复归与时代相契合的身心融合的教育宗旨、构建凸显实践的学校课程体系、优化回归互动交往的教育方法具有现代价值。

笛卡尔著作中的“灵”“魂”之辨

“心灵”与“灵魂”在古代哲学中的含义及所指是不同的,但笛卡尔著作中却出现了二者混用的局面。不过,只要仔细检查这两个词出现在笛卡尔文本中的各种语境,就能发现,他主要用“心灵”来指称那个使人从事思考活动、可以与身体完全分离的实体,用“灵魂”来指称那个与身体结合在一起并且发生相互作用的实体。笛卡尔的身心观的革命性体现在他主张机械论的身体观。他不像古人那样认为灵魂赋予身体生命活力,不再视灵魂为神圣的永生的力量,他甚至尝试像展示机器运行那样解释灵魂如何驱动身体,这使其几乎将灵魂还原为一种物质器官。但是,笛卡尔不敢公然背离古典理性主义的人生观与价值观,在他那里,指挥身体行动的灵魂最终没有与从事认识的心灵彻底脱钩,并且他还装模作样地响应教会的号召来证明灵魂不朽,这才使得他的著作中出现了“心灵”与“灵魂”混用的局面。

双体多向型激振装置参数研究

为提高果树振动采摘响应均匀性,同时提高果实采收效率、降低能耗、减少果树与果实的损伤,设计一种双体多向型激振装置,主要由偏心块、传动齿轮、传动轴、箱体等组成。建立振动装置-果树振动系统,并分析6种不同的偏心块转速比与偏心矩比组合产生的非圆周载荷效果。首先,采用多视角三维重建技术获取果树三维模型;然后,运用ANSYS进行果树谐响应分析得到激振装置的最佳工作频率;最后,运用ADAMS建立果树动力学仿真模型,比较非圆周载荷、直线载荷、圆周载荷下的果树加速度响应。仿真结果表明:当两偏心块转速比为3∶1、偏心矩比为1∶1时,果树在非圆周载荷下的加速度响应均值为194.35 m/s^(2),高于直线载荷下的(186.28m/s^(2)),略低于圆周载荷下的(204.41 m/s^(2));非圆周载荷的加速度响应变异系数为0.575,低于直线载荷的(0.625)和圆周载荷的(0.622),说明非圆周载荷有更均匀的加速度响应。田间试验表明,该装置的采摘率为92.2%,果实损伤率为4.6%,优于单偏心激振装置。

汉代盘鼓舞中的身体观探赜

盘鼓舞是我国汉代舞蹈中的一种类型,此舞不仅以高超的舞技流传千古,更以意蕴深长的表演境界震撼人心。汉代盘鼓舞精湛的舞蹈技艺背后,体现着我国传统道教所倡导的身体观。本文通过对汉代盘鼓舞动作技术以及表演的分析,窥探其中体现的身体技艺观。提出要练就此舞,舞人需要修炼“气炁技术”“反胴动律”的身体技术,从而达到“形神相守”的表演。

马克思文化文明观视阈下中华文化的历史传承与中华文明的现代发展

一元、一统、一体、一家,是中华文化的传统话语,1911年开始出现君民一体、上下一体的现代多元共和转向。中华文明的统一性,居于核心地位,决定中华文化的发展。文化史不仅要前置于成文史,更要前置于文明史,是马克思、恩格斯文化文明观的基本认识,体现了文明包含于文化中,且为其最高形式的基本理念,为认识中华文明的统一性决定论提供了基本理论依据。罗荣渠先生对人类文明的研究是建立在“一元多线历史观”基础上的,形成了现代化研究的“罗荣渠路径”,有助于文化文明时空坐标的建立。四海一家的传统话语就是内地与边疆各族济济一堂。作为现代化范式的中国应用,笔者倡导边疆与内地“主辅线现代化”的中华文明观,有助于揭示中华文化历史传承与中华文明现代发展的内在关系,有助于说明文化传承发展座谈会讲话的主体性精神品格。

黄世敬教授基于“形神一体观”论治广泛性焦虑症的经验总结

本文总结黄世敬教授基于“形神一体观”论治广泛性焦虑症的诊疗经验。从“形神失和”角度总结广泛性焦虑症的病因病机,认为广泛性焦虑症患者具有一定发病基础,其情绪特点为过度思恐,思恐过度使脾、肾之脏神受扰,最终表现为精神性焦虑及一系列躯体化症状。广泛性焦虑症的药物治疗中调神与补形并重,并结合情志疗法,在诊疗过程中对患者进行宣教,强调情志调护的重要性。根据“形神同调”治则总结其常用药为丹琥宁神方,并举验案1则,以期为广泛性焦虑症的中医治疗提供新思路。

基于“形神一体观”理论探讨心律失常合并焦虑抑郁辨治

心律失常是临床常见的心血管疾病,其发病率高,因生活模式改变及其不良预后导致患者合并焦虑抑郁问题愈加明显,西医治疗主要是抗心律失常与抗焦虑抑郁类药物的联合应用,但部分患者对精神类药品的依从性较差。中医学对于“心”的生理认识包括“心主血脉”和“心主神明”,注重“形与神俱”的整体观念,“心主血脉”即是有形,“心主神明”则是有神,与现代医学研究的“双心”理念不谋而合。该文基于“形神一体观”理论,从双心医学角度出发,认为心律失常合并焦虑抑郁当属形神共病,其中“形”坏是其发病的基础,“神”伤是其发病的关键,二者相辅相成,互为因果,可谓是一荣俱荣,一损俱损。治疗上当注重形神兼治,采用健脾益气、化痰祛瘀、清肝宁心、理气解郁、重镇潜阳等多种治法,改善患者的躯体症状与精神障碍,以达到机体气血阴阳的平衡。以期为心律失常合并焦虑抑郁的临床诊疗提供新思路与新方法。

周亚滨基于“形神一体观”论治双心疾病经验

心血管系统疾病合并精神心理障碍被称为“双心疾病”。从中医学角度分析,双心疾病乃形神共病,血脉心体病变会影响心神的功能,同时心神受损也会影响心体病变的发生发展,二者生理相依,病理互损。周亚滨教授基于心脉受损、心神失养这一双心疾病的根本病机,从中医学的整体观念出发,提出当以综合调理形神为主要目标,立“形神同调”为基本法则治疗本病。治形重在扶正补虚、化瘀豁痰,调神重在育心安神、疏肝解郁,同时配合精神疏导、中医特色外治疗法,形神兼顾而并调,方达双心和合之佳效。

针灸治“神”理论在心身病中的应用

《黄帝内经》的形神观念对心身医学的研究具有重要的引领作用,其中“神”在心身病的发生发展中占有核心主导地位。通过探讨心身医学中“神”的重要性,阐释神与经络脏腑的关系和针灸调神在心身病中的关键角色。详述针灸治疗心身病的全过程,强调医患之间的神气互动和腧穴选择的重要性,达到针灸调神养形的治疗效果。以期为现代心身病的治疗提供新的视角和方法。