miR-23a/b regulates the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Age-related osteoporosis is associated with the reduced capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to differentiate into osteoblasts instead of adipocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms that decide the fate of BMSCs remain unclear. In our study, microRNA-23a, and microRNA-23b （miR-23a/b） were found to be markedly downregulated in BMSCs of aged mice and humans. The overexpression of miR-23a/b in BMSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of miR-23a/b increased adipogenic differentiation. Transmembrane protein 64 （Tmem64）, which has expression levels inversely related to those of miR-23a/b in aged and young mice, was identified as a major target of miR-23a/b during BMSC differentiation. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-23a/b has a critical role in the regulation of mesenchymal lineage differentiation through the suppression of Tmem64.

THE BALANCE BETWEEN “SOFT”AND “HARD”,AN EXCELLENT RELATION

On a year-end party for cosuls from cosulates in Guangzhouin 1996,a French consul asked Mr.Wang,"There are so manydevelopment zones in China,competition is so intense,are youconfident in GETDD?"Mr.Wang answered,"Competition,the daily phenomenom inmarket economy is what we have been expecting for a long time.""The whole country is a unified chessboard,we surpport allhonest investment,no matter whose money and where they areinvested in the country.""As head of GETDD,I know it is a promising investment dis-trict,so I hope investors can put their money here,I am sure itwill be a right choice."

Getting the Balance Right

ECONOMIC uncertainties and expectations of flagging export growth are big concerns for China in 2012. At home, much has been said about over enthusiastic monetary tightening, which may in turn harm the country＇s growth momentum. This gloomy outlook has placed an onus on policymakers to fine-tune their macroeconomic policies and keep a steady hand on the tiller in steering the economy forword.

For the Balance Between Rights and Power——In Remembrance of Former CSHRS President Luo Haocai

Mr. Luo Haocai taught at Peking University Law School for a long time. Even though he held such important positions as vice president of Peking University (PKU),chairman of the Central Committee of China Zhi Gong Party, vice president of the Supreme People’s Court, and vice chairman of the Ninth and Tenth National Committee of the CPPCC, he preferred being called "Teacher Luo." My frequent interactions with Teacher Luo started in 2007 and continued to 2016 when he was the president of the CSHRS.

Getting the Balance Right

In the next five years China will balance economic growth and improving the living standards of its people by Liu Wei IT was widely reported that the chaos in some Middle East and North African countries were results of the inadequate efforts in improving people’s livelihood, a fundamental aspect of social stability. In early March,China held its annual sessions of the National People’s

Getting the Balance Right

POOR infrastructure has long been the Achilles＇ heel of many African countries, hampering economic development and impacting on people＇s daily lives. Providing infrastructure is therefore high on the agenda in Africa and one company heavily involved in this field is China＇s Sinohydro Group Ltd.

Getting the Balance Right

Stephen S. Roach, Managing Director and Chief Economist of Morgan Stanley, is widely recognized as one of Wall Street's most influential economists. At the 2006 Annual Conference of the Boao Forum for Asia, held April 21-23 in China's Hainan Province, he delivered a speech on the significance of China's adjustment of its growth model-a shift away from export- and investment-led growth to more of a consumer-driven dynamic. Excerpts follow:

Getting the Balance Right

In China, no other current affairs will draw more public atten-tion in early March than the annual sessions of the National People’sCongress (NPC), the supreme legislature, and the Chinese

Getting the Balance Right

Pakistan is making efforts to bring all aspects of its society under the same umbrella In early May 2006 I visited Pakistan as a member of a Chinese media and scholar delegation and was deeply impressed by its government's efforts to build an enlightened, moderate and harmonious Islamic country. Although I had

Getting the Balance Right

Frequent inter-governmental dialogues and brisk trade between China and Grermany provide a recipe for success Last year's trade volumes between China and the European Union had, for the first time, surpassed the benchmark of $200 billion, eight years ahead of the schedule envisioned by leaders back in 2003. This is according to the latest statistics released by China's Ministry of Commerce. Within the circle of this trade achievement,

The Balance of Language Input and Output in TEFL Classes for Chinese Students

For many years, Chinese students have been noticed to be doing remarkably well in some English tests concerning listening and reading skills,such as TOEFL(USA) and GRE(USA). But in some other English tests which focus more on speaking and writing skills,e.g.TSE (Test of Spoken English, USA),BEC (Business English Certificate, GB) and some real communication situations, they are found to be much less proficient. In the meanwhile, many university graduates, who had already learned English

On the Special Application of the Principle of Proportionality under Emergency State

As the two fundamental aspects of modern society,the emergency state and the routine state are not exceptions to the rule of law.They just abide by special legal rules and must adhere to the spirit of the rule of law,such as human rights protection and power restrictions and apply the principle of proportionality.In a state of emergency,public interests are faced with major and urgent threats.In this state,the positioning of the purpose,the examination of the consequences,or the measurement of the legal benefits of the purpose and the consequences all have a certain degree of particularity and complexity.In order to increase the rationality of the principle of proportionality in the state of emergency,and to perform its value function scientifically and effectively,it is necessary to adopt loose application standards based on the characteristics of the state of emergency,grasp the key application links,and limit the scope of application to the review of the rationality of the exercise of emergency powers.Judgment of the legitimacy of the purpose of the exercise of emergency powers and the derogation of civil rights such as human dignity are not within the scope of the principle of proportionality.

Advance in Research on Biological Function and TranscriptionalControl of Heat Shock Proteins

The regulation of heat shock transcription factor to heat shock protein expression and the newest knowledge about the effect of heat shock protein on aging,immune response and the balance of cell survival and apoptosis are summarized in the paper.

Knowledge Law and Attribute Disturbance of Law

By employing the knowledge（R-element equivalence class） in one direction S-rough sets and dual of one direction S-rough sets, the concept of knowledge law is given; the generation theorem of knowledge law, the excursion theorem of knowledge law, and the attribute disturbance discernible theorem of knowledge law are proposed. Knowledge law is a new characteristic of S-rough sets.

AN ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING ORTHOGONAL ARMLET MULTI-WAVELETS WITH MULTIPLICITY r AND DILATION FACTOR a

The purpose of this paper is to construct an orthogonal Armlet multi-wavelets with mul-tiplicity r and dilation factor a.Firstly,the definition of Armlets with dilation factor a is proposed in this paper.Based on the Two-scale Similar Transform(TST),the notion of the Para-unitary A-scale Similar Transform(PAST) is introduced,and we also give the transform on the all two-scale matrix symbols of the multi-wavelets with dilation a.Then we show that the PAST and the transform on the matrix symbols of the multi-wavelets keep the orthogonality of the multi-wavelets system.We discuss the condition that multi-wavelets corresponding to the multi-scaling functions are all Armlets.After performing the PAST and the transform on the matrix symbols of the multi-wavelets,the multi-scaling function can be balanced and the corresponding multi-wavelets can be Armlets at the same time.The construction of Armlets with high order is also discussed.At last,by a given example,we can conclude that the algorithm is feasible and efficient.