Present state,basic theories,methods and progresses of investigation and assessment on marine hazardous geology in China

The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.

Borders and Possibilities of Foreign Policy of the Small State on the Example of Kyrgyzstan

In this article is shown all the process which is happening at the moment in the globe. How big countries may influence to the small countries such as Kyrgyzstan. Some approaches that are used for achieving results. Also were taken into account researches of some scientists. Kyrgyzstan is young, small independent country with democratic ideas for running country. The research focus on the whole situation in the country and in the globe, trends. The research methods used from the famous world scientists their findings, participation at the international conferences dedicated to the international diplomacy and etc. The main conclusions small independent country has to follow world trends and collaborate mutually with all countries.

Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and Sword of State： Aesthetic Manifestation of Kwame Nkrumah＇ s Cultural Policy on Ghana＇s Political Culture

This study explores the aesthetic dimensions of Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies in the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword. The study is an Art Historical research situated within the qualitative research paradigm. It had a population of a defmed class of cultural policy makers, art historians, traditional rulers, nationalists, visual artists and Ghanaians resident both in and outside Ghana. The study examined how the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword were influenced by Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies and the cultural significance of the aesthetic interplay of ethnic insignias used in capturing the Ghanaian concept of Political authority. The study revealed that, Nkrumah recognised the cultural art forms and elements of ethnic Ghana as assets for national development. In line with his policy of building the Nation State of Ghana, he used ethnic cultural art forms and elements. At independence, Nkrumah commissioned some visual artist to create some artistic pieces （politico-cultural artefacts） for the Ghanaian political authority with inspiration or based on what pertains in the traditional authority （Chieftaincy） of Ghana. Politico-cultural artefacts as used in this study refer to the artefacts produced based on the cultural concepts of the ethnic states for the use of the political authority of the Republic of Ghana. Among these artistic pieces are the three Presidential Seats, The State Sword, The President＇s Personal Standard Pole and the State Mace.

Basic policy & development strategy for energy industry in China——the speech on Sweden-China Trade Council in Stockholm,April 22,1992 by Huang Yicheng,the Minister of Energy,China

Energy plays a significant role in our national moderniza-tion construction.The Chinese government has alwayspaid a great attention to the Chinese energy industry and regarded itas a key issue in the national development strategy.Energy industrydevelopment has been going up rapidly over last 4 decades sincethe People’s Republic was founded.By the end of 1991,total primaryenergy production got to 1.047 billion tons of coal equivalent,whichincludes 1.09 billion tons of run-off-mine coal,139 million tons ofcrude oil,15.3 billion M^3 of natural gas.Electricity generating

Farmers' State of Mind and the Policy Thinking for the Cotton Production in Shandong Province

Affected by the meteorological disasters and market fluctuations,the growing area,yield and quality of cotton in Shandong Province have been reduced to varying degrees in recent years.The majority of farmers are regarded as the main body of agricultural production,whose enthusiasm for growing cotton and confidence in the cotton market play a significant role in stabilizing the growing area and improving the quality of cotton.We randomly select the cotton farmers for in-depth interview,to understand the situation of cotton cultivation and their state of mind for growing,aimed at deriving the factors influencing farmers'willingness to grow cotton.In the future,it is necessary to make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages,and in a timely manner curb the decline of cotton cultivation in the process of guiding and encouraging the cotton cultivation,in order to solve the problems of low farmers'willingness to grow cotton and sluggish cotton industry from the root.

Important Guarantee for The Basic Rights of Citizens——China's State compensation system

A common folk can sue an official? This was hardly possible in the past in China where the old feudalistic tradition dies hard. But this is really possible today when the common people cannot only sue officials and also get compensation if they are wronged. State compensation system It would be inevitable for government functionaries to cause damages to some citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the course of their management of the society. That is why China has established a State compensation system to compensate for the damages to citizens, legal persons and other organizations caused by government functionaries in exercising their power.

Comparison of the Evolution of Genetically Modified Food Safety Policies between the United States and the European Union

With the research on and development of Genetically Modified Food （GMF）, people＇s attitude toward GMF may fall into two divergent categories, typical- ly represented by the United States（US） and the European Union（EU）, respectively. The former follows a ＂sound science principle＂ and firmly objects to the precautionary principle, namely a permissive policy of positive support of and voluntary labelling on GMF; while the latter adopts a cautiously precautionary principle, requiring mandatory labelling and traceability. From the standpoint of regulatory principles, together with corresponding supervisory measures and relevant provisions, this paper compared the execution of directives and provisions on GMF from the initial policies enacted by the US and EU to current situation combined with the track and analysis of latest polic ies issued.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Adaptive Optimal Control of Space Tether System for Payload Capture via Policy Iteration

The libration control problem of space tether system(STS)for post-capture of payload is studied.The process of payload capture will cause tether swing and deviation from the nominal position,resulting in the failure of capture mission.Due to unknown inertial parameters after capturing the payload,an adaptive optimal control based on policy iteration is developed to stabilize the uncertain dynamic system in the post-capture phase.By introducing integral reinforcement learning(IRL)scheme,the algebraic Riccati equation(ARE)can be online solved without known dynamics.To avoid computational burden from iteration equations,the online implementation of policy iteration algorithm is provided by the least-squares solution method.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by numerical simulations.

State Policy on the Environment in Vietnamese Handicraft Villages

Handicraft villages play an important role in promoting social and economic development in rural areas as well as Vietnam＇s economy. Nowadays, Vietnam＇s handicrafts have a foothold in the world market, and are exported over 163 countries and territories （Tuan, 2010）. However, the production activities of the handicraft village have a lot of shortcomings, especially the problem of environmental pollution （Chi, 2010）. Therefore, government policy plays a very important role to minimize environmental pollution villages, contributing to improving environmental quality and public health. This paper focuses on： 1）. Current status of state policy environment in handicraft villages shows the achievements and limitations of the policy, from which reviews state policy in environments in handicraft villages （through fieldwork in the handicraft villages）; and 2）. Solution to improve state policy on environmental protection in handicraft villages in Vietnam.

The Dynamics of Domestic Water Vending in Enugu North L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria

The present investigation provides a case study of water vending in Enugu North Local Government Area, Enugu State of South Eastern Nigeria. Questionnaire copies were randomly distributed in the study area to 200 households. Data obtained from the field were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The analysis revealed that almost all the residents of Enugu North L.G.A. obtain their water from independent water vending systems which are operated by the private sector. Tanker truck, distributing and small retail water vendors all operate in the study area. There are an estimated number of 250 tanker truck drivers serving Enugu North L.G.A. Approximately 35 tanker trucks serve Hill- top/Udi siding ward, while there are a total of 52 retail vendors in Onuasata ward. Majority of the respondents are low income earners who spend within the ranges of NGN500 ($3.33) and NGN1500 ($10) a month on water on the average. 50.0 percent of these respondents opined that vended water was expensive. Of the respondents, 49.4 percent consumed 91 - 100 litres per capita per day, which is less than the 120 litres per capita per day recommended by the Federal Re- public of Nigeria’s National water supply and sanitation policy document of 2000. This deficit can be attributed to the cost of vended water. From the chi-square test, there is significant difference in the unit cost of water sold by vendors in the various wards in Enugu North L.G.A. In the absence of regular water provision through pipe-connections from the public utility, water vending should be supported but regulated. Meeting the water and sanitation target and optimizing water resources for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 will require a dramatic scaling up of joint efforts by the state government and the people in ensuring that vendors provide safe water at a low cost.

Influence of Contraception on Basic Vaginal States: A Prospective Study

To evaluate the influence of contraceptive methods on the basic vaginal states (BVSs) in women in fertile age, 108 women consulting for birth control (14 - 45 years) were included in a prospective study. The vaginal content was sampled both before they began using the chosen contraceptive method (see below) and three months later, and then analyzed using the Balance of Vaginal Content (BAVACO) methodology. Five BVSs were defined: 1) normal microbiota;2) normal microbiota with vaginal inflammatory reaction (VIR);3) intermediate microbiota;4) bacterial vaginosis and 5) non-specific microbial vaginitis. The following contraceptive methods were considered: combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), intrauterine device (IUD), condom (CON), the rhythm method (RHYT) and simultaneous double protection (COCP + CON). The McNemar statistical test was used. COCP (n = 71): 20 samples retained normal BVSs and two were altered;nine out of the 49 altered samples returned to normal;IUD (n = 4): two samples modified their normal BVS to III and IV;CON (n = 25): the VIR increased in 20% of the samples;RHYT (n = 6): four samples retained the normal BVS;and COCP + CON (n = 2): samples preserved their initial BVS (II). The increased frequency of BVS I in the COCP group was significant (x2 = 3.3;p = 0.04). The relative frequency of each BVS was significantly modified, attributed to the type of contraceptive method used. The intake of hormones corrects alterations and retains a normal BVS. The contraceptive methods that use an external factor of local contact either maintain or alter the microbiota and VIR.

Attend to the “Small p” Stuff: State Policy Issues Affecting Cervical Cancer Efforts

Background: States in the United States have primary public health authority. This is the case with cervical cancer, and yet little is known about state policy issues affecting the comprehensive public health response. This study identifies and explores state policy issues affecting cervical cancer efforts in the United States. Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 15 professionals affiliated with cervical cancer prevention and treatment from national, state and local levels;across sectors: public, private and non-profit;and aspects of the work: screening, treatment and vaccine;program implementation, research, coalition work, and policy. Results: Identified policy issues were administrative and implementation oriented (“small p” policy issues). While participants recognized the importance of laws for vaccine or no cost screening access, the key policy issues preventing successful cervical cancer efforts involved 1) health system complexity;2) general lack of state level policy, program and funding coordination;and 3) social and organizational cultural issues affecting the adoption of national recommendations and reinforcing program inertia. Conclusions: Understanding state policy issues in cervical cancer is critical for public health success. Dramatic reduction or even elimination of cervical cancer in the United States depends upon the policy work in the “little p” policy areas such as planning and health system organization to affect change. This will require greater leadership and coordination of state efforts across myriad programs. It will require health system improvements, and also the adoption of new practice and program behaviors to capitalize on available technology to reach underserved women.

Investigation of Climate and Land Use Policy Change Impacts on Food Security in Eastern Sudan, Gadarif State

The aims of this research were to investigate the impacts of climate variations on land use policies, food security and vegetation cover in Gadarif State (eastern Sudan) during 1961 to 2013. Analysis of precipitation and temperature time series revealed that the annual precipitation was decreasing while the temperature was increased in the study area. Precipitation was decreasing at a rate of −50.3 mm/10a, while the temperature was increasing at a rate of 0.02°C/10a. The result of both SPEI and SPI showed that the Gadarif State has been changed to a high frequency of drought during 1961-2013. Sorghum yield showed a significant positive relationship with precipitation during July and October (CC = 0.364 and 0.321, respectively), moreover, a significant positive relationship between Sesame yield and precipitation was observed during July (CC = 0.335). A significant negative relationship between Sorghum yield and mean temperature was observed during the rainy season (July to October) with CC = −0.278. The yield productivity of Sorghum and Sesame had decreased significantly (from more than 800 kg/ha in the 1960s to less than 200 kg/ha in 2000s for Sorghum, while 500 kg/ha in 1960s to 100 kg/ha in 2000s for Sesame). The Mechanized Rain-fed Agriculture (MRA) area of Sorghum and Sesame in the Gadarif State had been increased from 1,058,241 ha to 2,799,655 ha during 1961 to 2013. Thus, we ultimately suggest that in the Gadarif State, policy makers must strive for an increase in yield per unit area by using sufficient fertilizers along with the gradual increment in tendencies of grain production through expansion of the cultivated area.

Study of Decoherence of Entangled States Made up of Two Basic States in a Linear Chain of Three Qubits

Using Lindblad approach to study decoherence of quantum systems, we study the decoherence and decay of entangled states, formed by two basic states of a chain of thee qubits. We look on these states for a possible regular dependence on their decay as a function of their energy separation between the basic states under different types of environments. We didn’t find regular or significant dependence on this energy separation for the type of environment considered.

Representation of the Basic Laws of Thermodynamics in Quantum Mechanics

We propose a representation of the basic laws, namely the zeroth, first, second and third law, in quantum thermodynamics. The zeroth law is represented by some parameters () that specify respective quantum states. The parameters are the elements of thermodynamic state space. The introduction of such parameters is based on a probabilistic nature of quantum theory. A quantum analog of the first law can be established by utilizing these parameters. The notion of heat in quantum systems is clarified from the probabilistic point of view in quantum theory. The representation of the second law can be naturally described in terms of these parameters introduced for the respective quantum systems. In obtaining the representation of quantum thermodynamics, consistency between quantum theory and classical thermodynamics should have been preserved throughout our formulation of quantum thermodynamics. After establishing the representation of the second law, the third law is discussed briefly. The relationship between thermodynamic temperatures and the parameters in is also discussed.

The Effect of Globalization on the Language Policy in a Multi-Cultural Kazakhstan

This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy

Will the State-owned Capital Transfer Policy Enhance the Sustainability of the Urban Employee Basic Pension Insurance Fund in China?

To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.The results reveal the following:(i)Without policy intervention,the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050.(i)Based on a delayed retirement policy,the transfer of 10 percent of state-owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years,and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by I1.77 percentage points.(ii)The state-owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.

Big data assessment on the operating characteristics of on-line taxis and thoughts on relevant policies

A double-dimensional big data assessment method on the characteristics of on-line taxi traffic operation is proposed to provide a scientific basis for carrying out the taxi industry reform and standardizing the on-line taxi hailing management work. Taking Shenzhen as an example, multi- source data such as on-line taxi license plate data, plate identification data and taxi （including on-line taxis） operation data are combined with the results of the stated preference （SP） survey on taxi operating characteristics to assess the overall operation characteristics of on-line taxis. The results show that the current on-line taxis in Shenzhen can be divided into three categories, that is, full-time on-line taxis, non- active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis, accounting for 4%, 55%, and 41%, respectively, of the total quantity. In terms of the characteristics of space-time operations, full-time on-line taxis have similar operating characteristics as those of traditional taxis; the operation of non-active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis coincides with commuting requirements during morning and evening peak hours. However, part-time on-line taxis operate for a much longer time period at night. Due to the convenient hailing and favorable price, on-line taxis have a significant impact on trip modes of citizens; and the substitution eflbct of on-line taxis on traditional buses and cruising taxis is obvious. It is beneficial for helping the government departments to objectively understand the development law of the on-line taxi industry and providing decision reference for the formulation of relevant management policies during the critical development stage of on-line taxi industry.

SEIHCRD Model for COVID-19 Spread Scenarios,Disease Predictions and Estimates the Basic Reproduction Number,Case Fatality Rate,Hospital,and ICU Beds Requirement

We have proposed a new mathematical method,the SEIHCRD model,which has an excellent potential to predict the incidence of COVID-19 diseases.Our proposed SEIHCRD model is an extension of the SEIR model.Three-compartments have added death,hospitalized,and critical,which improves the basic understanding of disease spread and results.We have studiedCOVID-19 cases of six countries,where the impact of this disease in the highest are Brazil,India,Italy,Spain,the United Kingdom,and the United States.After estimating model parameters based on available clinical data,the modelwill propagate and forecast dynamic evolution.Themodel calculates the Basic reproduction number over time using logistic regression and the Case fatality rate based on the selected countries’age-category scenario.Themodel calculates two types of Case fatality rate one is CFR daily,and the other is total CFR.The proposed model estimates the approximate time when the disease is at its peak and the approximate time when death cases rarely occur and calculate how much hospital beds and ICU beds will be needed in the peak days of infection.The SEIHCRD model outperforms the classic ARXmodel and the ARIMA model.RMSE,MAPE,andRsquaredmatrices are used to evaluate results and are graphically represented using Taylor and Target diagrams.The result shows RMSE has improved by 56%–74%,and MAPE has a 53%–89%improvement in prediction accuracy.