The Joule–Thomson effect of (CO_(2)+H_(2)) binary system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage(CCS)

The Joule-Thomson effect is one of the important thermodynamic properties in the system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage(CCS). In this work, a set of apparatus was set up to determine the Joule-Thomson effect of binary mixtures(CO_(2)+ H_(2)). The accuracy of the apparatus was verified by comparing with the experimental data of carbon dioxide. The Joule-Thomson coefficients(μ_(JT)) for(CO_(2)+ H_(2)) binary mixtures with mole fractions of carbon dioxide(x_(CO_(2))= 0.1, 0.26, 0.5,0.86, 0.94) along six isotherms at various pressures were measured. Five equations of state EOSs(PR,SRK, PR, BWR and GERG-2008 equation) were used to calculate the μ_(JT)for both pure systems and binary systems, among which the GERG-2008 predicted best with a wide range of pressure and temperature.Moreover, the Joule-Thomson inversion curves(JTIC) were calculated with five equations of state. A comparison was made between experimental data and predicted data for the inversion curve of CO_(2). The investigated EOSs show a similar prediction of the low-temperature branch of the JTIC for both pure and binary systems, except for the BWRS equation of state. Among all the equations, SRK has the most similar result to GERG-2008 for predicting JTIC.

Simulation Modelling and Techno-Economics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle

In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential investigations into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Climate change mitigation is the ultimate driver for this increased interest;other relevant issues include the potential for high cycle efficiency and a circular economy. In this study, a 25 MWe recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) has been assessed, and sCO2 has been proposed as the working fluid for the power plant. The methodology used in this research work comprises thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis for the prospective commercialization of this sCO2 power cycle. An evaluated estimation of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and cost of electricity has been considered in this study. The ASPEN Plus simulation results have been compared with theoretical and mathematical calculations to assess the performance of the compressors, turbine, and heat exchangers. The results thus reveal that the cycle efficiency for this prospective sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle increases (39% - 53.6%) as the temperature progressively increases from 550˚C to 900˚C. Data from the Aspen simulation model was used to aid the cost function calculations to estimate the total capital investment cost of the plant. Also, the techno-economic results have shown less cost for purchasing equipment due to fewer components being required for the cycle configuration as compared to the conventional steam power plant.

Summary of Steam System Optimization and Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Practice in Yanshan Petrochemical Company

This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment efficiency.The results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·h.Green power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried out.According to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in 2021.After the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.

Investigation of a CO2 Switching Arc Using Spectroscopic Diagnostics and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

A deep understanding of the physical processes coming along with the current interruption in high voltage circuit breakers is essential for the optimization of today’s switching technologies.Therefore a switching arc in a model circuit breaker is studied by means of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations and optical emission spectroscopy(OES)in this contribution.Experimental investigations are performed in carbon dioxide(CO2)at absolute filling pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 MPa.CFD simulations are carried out based on a model of the arcing zone including a consistent treatment of the radiation transport and the wall ablation.Carbon ion line radiation is analysed in the experiment using an optical path in the heating channel between the electrodes inside the nozzle system.The pressure value in the arc is estimated based on the line width-intensity dependence.Obtained values correspond to the measured pressure outside the arc.For the temperature profiles,a good agreement within the accuracy of the approaches is observed between the CFD simulations and the results of OES.

“On-off”switch for H_(2)and O_(2)generation from HCOOH resp.H_(2)O_(2)

In spite of the numerous advances in the development of H_(2)and O_(2)evolutions upon water splitting,the separation of H_(2)from O_(2)still remains a severe challenge.Herein,the novel dual-functional nanocatalysts Pd/carbon nanosphere(CNS),obtained via immobilization of ultrafine Pd nanoparticles onto CNS,are developed and employed for both selective H_(2)generation from HCOOH dehydrogenation and O_(2)evolution from H_(2)O_(2)decomposition.In these reactions,the highest activities for Pd/CNS-800(i.e.,calcinated at 800℃)are 2478 h−1 and 993 min^(−1)for H_(2)and O_(2)evolution,respectively.The highly efficient and selective“on-off”switch for selective H_(2)generation from HCOOH is successfully realized by pH adjustment.This novel and highly efficient nanocatalyst Pd/CNS-800 not only provides new approaches for the promising application of HCOOH and H_(2)O_(2)as economic and safe H_(2)and O_(2)carriers,respectively,for fuel cells,but also promotes the development of“on-off”switch for on-demand H_(2)evolution.

Carbon Footprint of Recycling Service in Waste Treatment: Used Beverage Cans and Waste Papers

There are very few studies of the Carbon Footprint of Products (CFPs) in the service sector (e.g. transport and waste treatment) in comparison with those of industrial products and farm products. In this study, the CFPs of the recycling services of used beverage cans (aluminum and steel) and waste papers (cardboard, magazine and newspaper) in waste treatment were estimated as a first trial model of the service sector. Regarding the CFPs of whole life cycle of the recycling services, the amounts of CO2-equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the collection and transportation process were the largest in all recycling cases. The reason that the collection and transportation process emits the largest amounts of GHG emissions is that the collection vehicles (trucks) consume the large amounts of diesel fuel. Regarding the CFPs of the capital equipment, the amounts of GHG emissions from the capital equipment were the second largest in all recycling cases. It was found that the percentages of amounts of GHG emissions from the capital equipment in the recycling services were larger than those of industrial products and farm products.

基于变分模态分解和改进灰狼算法优化深度置信网络的自动转换开关故障识别

自动转换开关(ATSE)是保证系统连续供电的设备,对其进行健康监测和故障诊断对系统的稳定运行具有重要意义。为了实现对ATSE的非侵入式故障识别,该文提出一种基于电流信号变分模态分解(VMD)的特征提取和改进灰狼算法(IGWO)优化深度置信网络(DBN)相结合的故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用样本熵确定VMD分解次数并对故障电流进行分解;其次对分解后得到的本征模态函数进行小波包能量的提取,并利用IGWO对DBN网络结构参数进行优化;最后通过DBN将电流能量特征与ATSE的故障类型建立起映射关系从而完成最终的故障识别。所提IGWO采用了分段调节与非线性递减的衰减因子相结合的策略,以平衡算法全局搜索和局部搜索能力;并采用莱维飞行更新探狼的移动位置,来避免算法陷入早熟收敛。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能显著提高前期对参数寻优的训练速度,后续泛化实验的故障分类准确率也有98.78%的良好表现。

面向装备平台的敏捷交换芯片设计与实现

在构建车载、舰船、航空航天等装备平台网络系统时,需要综合考虑功能、性能、体积、功耗、易用性等制约因素,传统高性能的商用网络交换芯片功耗高、配置和使用复杂,难以满足相关需求。对此提出了一种面向装备平台的可编程、低功耗的敏捷交换芯片架构。该架构引入协议无关的超长内容匹配-动作流水线,提供可编程的转发配置、流限速、报文修改等功能,支持现存各类网络协议及用户自定义协议。架构提供灵活的管理配置模式,可满足远程配置、无管理CPU的轻量化配置等多种应用需求。另外,通过敏捷交换协议的扩展功能,可将查表结果、动作处理记录、用户配置信息等随原报文一同送出芯片,实现单个报文粒度的精细化处理和灵活的功能扩展。基于敏捷交换架构,流片制造了YHHX-DS160敏捷交换芯片,该芯片可提供160 Gbps全接口线速交换能力,最大功耗仅6.6 W,能效比达到24 Gbps/W。

分立式开关电源系统抗震性能的振动台试验研究

开关电源是通信机楼和通信基站中最重要的设备之一,相当于机楼和基站内供电系统的“心脏”,若在地震作用下发生功能失效将导致通信机楼和基站完全停止工作。开关电源的抗震性能研究是通信系统抗震韧性评估研究的基础。本文以通信机楼内常用的分立式开关电源系统为研究对象,通过振动台试验研究其在地震下的特征损伤模式、损伤发展过程以及其供电功能在地震作用下的变化等。试验过程中为了模拟开关电源在通信机楼中的实际使用状态,为开关电源连接了380 V电压输入和一台模拟负载,组成了一个完整的用电系统。试验中台面激励采用了1条人工地震动、1条天然地震动和1条正弦拍波,逐步增大台面PGA直至振动台位移超限停止试验。从试验结果看:当PGA达到1.0 g时电源柜开始损伤,表现为柜门与主框架磨损掉漆,PGA在1.2~1.5 g时,电源柜顶部连接松动,面板连接螺丝松动,螺栓孔发生冲切破坏,PGA达到2.0 g时,试验结束,电源柜的主体未发生严重破坏,交流柜与直流柜前门轴变形;另外即使在较大PGA下,正弦拍波也无法对电源柜激起较大位移而造成破坏。试验过程中电气信号始终稳定,该开关电源柜抗震性能良好。

浅谈中国未来大型水电装备技术挑战与创新

我国水电资源丰富、开发程度处于中等水平,远不及欧洲发达国家。“双碳”战略下,水电作为清洁能源,以其高调节性、高稳定性将在以新能源为主的新型电力系统中发挥“压舱石”作用。资源特点和经济性决定未来水电开发将朝向更高水头(高转速)、更大容量趋势发展,机组将具备高海拔环境运行、超高水头、超大容量的特点。开发难度极高,技术挑战前所未有,亟待攻克。该文从多个角度分析阐述特殊工况下我国水电装备开发面临的问题和技术挑战,探讨关键技术发展趋势以及创新技术应用潜力,为未来水电装备的技术创新和突破提供参考方向。

隧道牵引分区所雷击暂态特性及其二次设备电磁兼容研究

牵引供电系统遭受雷击会在分区所内产生过电压与过电流,对分区所开关柜中二次设备产生瞬态电磁干扰,影响其正常运行。文中针对电气化铁路隧道分区所,建立雷击暂态仿真模型,计算了接触网不同位置遭受雷击时分区所的过电压与过电流,建立了27.5 kV开关柜的电磁场有限元仿真模型,分析开关柜中不同区域的瞬态电场、磁场分布。结果表明:雷击接触网会在分区所内产生幅值较大、频率较高的过电压与过电流,在其作用下开关柜低压室瞬态电场可达147.2 V/m、瞬态磁场可达1.3 kA/m,断路器室前壁处瞬态电场可达822.9 kV/m、瞬态磁场可达15.85 kA/m,超过标准规定的幅值,二次设备需要考虑相应的电磁屏蔽措施。论文结果对牵引供电系统雷击过电压/电流防护以及二次设备电磁兼容设计具有参考价值。

碳纤维复材结构网球器械接头的胶接强度性能表征

针对网球器械用碳纤维复合材料胶接连接,以超声机械振动方法胶接处理了网球器械用碳纤维复合材料,并测试分析了碳纤维复合材料胶接强度。结果表明,超声机械振动胶接工艺参数直接影响着网球器械用碳纤维复合材料的胶接强度,其振动时间为21s、振动压力为0.35 MPa、振动位置为27 mm、振幅为57μm时,网球器械用碳纤维复合材料胶接强度最高;相较于未超声机械振动对照组,基于正交实验优化的超声机械振动组的碳纤维复合材料胶接强度更高,且试样破坏后胶层截面位置缝隙非常小,胶接强度分散性较小,胶接性能更加稳定。

基于物联网技术的二氧化碳检测仪开发

为了有效解决校准培养箱中二氧化碳气体浓度因管线连接可能引发的气密性问题,研制了一种物联网二氧化碳气体检测仪。集成了低功耗蓝牙技术,能将传感器采集的测量数据实时传输至互联网微信小程序终端,为物联网仪器的开发提供了一种信的思路与方法。测试结果显示,所开发的二氧化碳检测仪的体积分数测量范围为0~20%,引用示值误差控制在其满量程的0.5%以内,满足相关校准规范对标准器的技术要求,为在二氧化碳培养箱中进行二氧化碳浓度校准时选择合适的标准器提供了可靠的解决方案。

轨道交通信号设备组装实训系统研究及应用

采用自行开发轨道交通信号设备组装实训系统方式,解决原有信号设备组装实训课程教学存在的问题。通过开放性结构设计,让学生参与从设计到安装、调试的全过程,锻炼学生信号设备组装、调试及故障排查能力,提升学生工程实践能力,满足高素质创新型人才培养需求。

双碳背景下港口作业设备更新多目标优化模型

在碳达峰碳中和的背景下,港口能源动力系统清洁化、低碳化、高效化发展成为趋势,对排放超标的港口作业设备进行更新是港口节能减碳的重要措施。本文在分析港口主要作业设备种类和排放的基础上,以设备更新的成本控制最低和减碳效果最佳为目标函数,以更新设备费用、规划期降碳效果和年度降碳效果为约束条件,构建非线性港口作业设备更新多目标优化模型,并利用Gu⁃robi求解器进行模型求解。本文以连云港港“十四五”设备更新为案例,构建连云港港“十四五”设备更新优化模型,经过求解得出连云港港2021~2025年的港口作业设备最佳更新方案,方案表明:连云港港在2021~2025年的设备更新最佳总投资为14361.82万元,使得二氧化碳排放量降低7839.92吨,单位吞吐量二氧化碳排放量下降率40%。

我国天然气产业高质量发展路径探讨

天然气产业作为我国能源体系“碳减排”的重要依托,是确保能源安全、推动能源结构转型的关键支撑,其高质量发展将为经济社会绿色转型、新型能源体系构建、技术创新与对外合作等注入动力。本文系统分析了天然气产业高质量发展的基础,总结了新发展阶段天然气产业高质量发展面临的挑战,提出了我国天然气产业高质量发展的路径。研究认为,天然气产业高质量发展存在的问题主要表现在保供能力不足、市场机制尚未理顺、关键技术装备存在“卡脖子”环节等方面;我国天然气产业高质量发展的路径为,大力保障天然气安全供应、着力建设天然气产业市场体系、推动升级天然气产业技术装备、加快天然气产业绿色低碳发展,以抓住产业发展的战略机遇期,创新发展思路,更好满足经济高质量发展、保障能源安全、推进碳达峰碳中和、实现产业平衡发展的需要。

连续式生物质热解炭化设备设计与试验

针对现有生物质热解炭化设备生产效率低、设备运行不稳定、生产连续性差及需引用外部热源加热致使耗能高等问题,采用热解可燃气回燃利用方案,设计了一种双筒回转连续式生物质热解炭化设备。详细介绍了生物质热解炭化设备的结构和工作原理,并进行热解炭化试验测试。试验表明,热解温度450℃、物料平均滞留时间30 min时,生物质热解炭化设备纯小时生产率103.8kg/h、生物炭得率34.6%和出炭温度47℃,各项性能指标均达到设计要求,可实现连续运行生产生物炭。

低碳背景下制造业企业供应链转型升级的影响因素及优化路径

在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,我国装备制造业企业供应链转型正面临诸多问题,涉及政府制度、资金成本、低碳技术创新、供应链减排能力等多个领域。根据结合装备制造业供应链存在的问题,全面归纳出装备制造业企业供应链转型升级的六个影响因素,即政府制度、低碳意识、资本成本、低碳合作、能源结构、创新技术,并按企业所处外部环境和企业自身发展将其分为外生因素与内生因素。在系统性分析影响因素的基础上,指明装备制造业企业供应链低碳转型升级的优化路径。

基于数字孪生技术的新型电力系统数字化

随着“双碳”目标的提出,大规模的清洁能源、电力电子设备和新型负荷将接入电力系统,传统的电力系统管理控制模式难以应对双侧随机性、波动性增强等问题,电力系统的安全稳定运行迎来巨大挑战。数字孪生技术作为重要的数字化手段,成为电力系统转型升级新方法。针对新型电力系统内在机理发生的深刻复杂变化,综述了数字孪生的发展历程以及其在电力系统领域的研究现状,并从新型电力系统数字化需求、数字建模方法、数字化平台建设3个层面研究了电力系统数字化转型进程。最终,提出了以数字孪生技术为核心的新型电力系统建模方法和框架。

微波开关自动测试系统设计

针对当前微波开关指标测试流程复杂、测试方法自动化程度低问题,提出了一套集指标测试、数据采集和数据管理功能于一体的自动化测试系统;该系统基于微波开关生产及试验环节的实际使用需求,通过软件平台实现对通用测量仪器及遥控遥测设备、射频开关矩阵等设备的自动化控制,单次可满足最多16个微波开关的同步测试,可实现同轴型和波导型两类开关的S参数、切换时间、门限电压、接触电阻、跑荷等总计18种指标参数的测试和试验数据管理,达到了测试效率和试验质量的双提升。