Relationship between suspended sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and the evolution of the embayed muddy coast of Zhejiang Province

South of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, exhibits an embayed muddy coastline, with the muddy beaches of embayments extending continuously seaward.The source of sediments on this coast presents an interesting problem to marine geologists and geomorphologists .The total annual load of sediments from the rivers of Zhejiang is only 12×106t.These materials affect only the area near the river mouths. The paper showed that the sediment along the coast of Zhejiang mainly comes from the Changjiang Estuary through analysing the time and space variations of suspended sediment, the features of sediment and the sedimentary transport.The Changjiang River is the largest river system in China, its sediment to the sea amounting to 468×106t. The sediment during summer transports mainly eastward, and is affected by the water body with high temperature, salinity and transparency; the winter season is the period with high sediment concentration. The sediment of the Changjiang Estuary transports together with the longshore current of the East China Sea southward, the southern boundary can reach the sea region approximately 500 km from the Shacheng Harbour. The accretion rate seaward has been about 10 - 30 m since the 16th century. The sediment movement combined the longitudinal with the lateral, so that the muddy flats progress continuously seaward under the construction of the seashore profile .

The Gravitational Constant as the Function of the Cosmic Scale

This paper uses the cosmic evolution picture constructed by the principal and associated fiber bundles and, with the help of gauge invariance, systematically proposes the γfactor theory that the Newton’s law of universal gravitation and the cosmological constant of Einstein’s equation must be corrected in the large-scale space-time structure of the universe. That is, it is found that the calculated value of Newton’s universal gravitation in space-time above the scale of galaxies must be multiplied by 1/γto be consistent with the measured value, and the cosmological constant of Einstein’s equation is no longer a constant but a function that increases with the increase of the scale of cosmic regions. Therefore, the cyclic hypothesis of cosmic evolution is proposed, and it is further found that the gravitational constant that people think is natural is not a constant but a function that changes with the scale of cosmic regions. Therefore, the reason for the dark matter and dark energy hypothesis may be that the gravitational constant is a variable. The existence of actual dark matter and dark energy may be just an illusory hypothesis, and their origin comes from the understanding that the gravitational constant is constant.

Art Nature and Science——The Evolution and Key Figures of Electronic Art

■The twentieth century saw more technological invention and creation than any other period in the proceeding two thousand years.As a result,human activity has flourished and our lives have become richer and more colorful than ever.

The Evolution of the Extinction and Growth Mechanism of the Silver Nanoplates

The time-dependence evolution of the extinction spectra of the silver nanoplates is studied to analyze the underlying physical mechanism of the growth process. As the synthesis cycles increase, the wavelength of the absorption peak is first blue-shifted and then is followed by the red shift, attributing to the mode alteration of the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance of the silver nanoplates. The capping agents are also optimized for the convenient and speedy growth of the large integrated Ag nanostructure. These observations expand the comprehensive understanding of plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoplates, and give a better manipulation of their applications in the plasmonie nanodevices.

The Effect of Spatial Structure Character of Heat Source on the Ray Path and the Evolution of Wave Energy of Meridional Wave Train

This paper studies correlations between the spatial structure character of thermal forcing and deformation and the amplitude of rays of meridional wave train. It is shown that if thermal forcing appears a meridional linear variation the rays of quasi-stationary planetary wave may propagate along oblique lines and if the meridional variability of heat source has second order term the rays show distinct deformation as a great circular route. Additionally, the inhomogeneous distribution may cause lower frequency oscillations in mid- and low-latitudes. The combination of zonal and meridional wave numbers and distributive character of heat source may form an inverse mechanism of variational trend of generized wave energy, reflecting in some degree the physical process of transition between meridional and zonal flow patterns.

Correlations of the Evolution of a CCOPE Squall Line with Surface Thermodynamics and Kinematic Fields

A midlatitude squall line passed over the array of the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) on 1 August 1981. The structure and evolution of the squall line, and the correlations of the storm with surface thermodynamics and kinematic fields are investigated, mainly by using radar and surface mesonet data in CCOPE. The storm-wide precipitation efficiency is also estimated.The squall line was of an obvious process of metabolism. Thirty-four cells formed successively in front of the primary storm and eventually merged into it during the period 1700-2010 MDT. The newest cells formed near surface equivalent potential temperature maxima, and near surface moisture flux convergence zones or / and the 'temperature break lines'. The thunderstorm rainfall, with the precipitation efficiency of 54%, lags 25-30 min behind the moisture flux convergence on the average.

Entropy evolution of field with a time-varying frequency in the Jaynes-Cummings model

Following Jaynes-Cummings model,the evolution of the field entropy in the system of a two-level atom interacting with the single mode coherent field is investigated under rotating-wave approximation.The typical case "the field frequency variance with time in the form of sine ω=ω0+usin(wt) has been considered.The influences of the amplitude and angle frequency of the field frequency variance on entropy evolution of the field are discussed by numerical calculations.Calculation results indicate that the field frequency variance influences violently the behavior of field entropy evolution;the larger the amplitude of the field frequency variance is,the stronger the influence of the field frequency variance on the time evolution of field entropy is.

New Approach to Study the Evolution of Rossby Wave Packet

The average variational principle was employed in this paper to study the evolution of large-scale and slowly varying Rossby wave packet with basic flow both in barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres. The evolution of the structure of Rossby wave packet with both time and space was studied. The results obtained in this paper are similar to the results of by WKBJ method. In addition, the dispersive process of the wave packet was analysed by taking Gaussian type wave packet as an initial disturbance. The valid time scale for application of wave packet theory in the atmosphere was obtained.

A Plate-Tectonic Model for the Evolution of the Daqingshan Granulite belt in Inner Mongolia

One of the most important events in the early geological evolutionary history of the Earthwas the wide occurrence of granulite belts at the end of the Archaean in the world, whichmeans a possible transformation of evolution mechanism of the crust. More and more geo-

Dyke Emplacement in the Narmada Rift Zone and Implications for the Evolution of Deccan Traps

Dykes are primarily extensional fractures that form perpendicular to the minimum principal compressive stress,which have been extensively studied in the world during the past decades for various reasons including the

THE EVOLUTION EQUATION OF JOINT PDF OF TURBULENT VELOCITY AND DISSIPATION

According to the hypothesis that the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy satisfies log-normal distribution, a stochastic model of dissipation is provided and the Langevin modef[6] of velocity is modified. Then a joint Pdf equation of turbulent velocity and dissipation is derived. We solve numerically the joint Pdf equation using Monte Carlo method and obtain satisfactory results for decaying turbulence and homogeneous turbulent shear flow. The preliminary results show that the model is well working.

The evolution of the coral reefs in the middle and north parts of the South China Sea and its relation with tectonic and eustatic movements

In this paper, the morphogenesis, stratigraphic sequences and dates of the coral reefs in the middle and north parts of the South China Sea are discussed, the position of the distributary regions of Cenozoic coral reefs in plate tectonics, the relationships of coral-reef evolutionary characteristics and dates with sea-basin spreading. Neogene sea-water transgression and Quaternary global climate-eustatic fluctuation are expounded and proved, and the latitudinal variation of the distribution of coral reefs in various geologic times are summed up.

SISDH: A Model Based on SMAs and SIRs for the Simulation of the Evolution of COVID-19 in Cameroon

This paper presents a model to simulate the evolution of COVID-19 in the Cameroonian context. The presented model SISDH stands for Susceptible, Infected, Severe, Died, and Healed is made up of the mixture of a Multi-Agent System (SMA) and a SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered)-based model, and mainly addresses the problem of modelling the evolution of pandemics with a high transmission rate. Multi-agent systems are used to design the SIR model’s entities, namely the habitants of the region subject to the study. The experimentation carried out showed that the combination of the two concepts favours rapid decision-making. For example, the requirement to wear a mask or strict adherence to social distancing reduces the risk of spread. The application of these tough measures had theoretically leveled down the spreading of the epidemic. Besides the lowering of the number of cases when strict measures were applied, we also highlighted a significant reduction of deaths and severe illness which is a concomitant result of the lockdown. On the other hand, our experiments revealed a peak of infections a few steps after the beginning when no restrictions are made for barrier measures. The peak is followed by a sudden decrease in infection which might convey immunity of the population.

The Evolution of the Central Plain Civilization in China(Ⅰ)

正China's Henan province, brief as Yu, got its name from the Yu state, which was one of the nine states in ancient China. The place with geographical advantage possesses superiority of radiating to the whole nation, and vibrant cultures, thus leading to its prosperity. The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in ancient China set capitals in Luoyang of Henan province,

Monitoring of velocity changes based on seismic ambient noise: A brief review and perspective

Over the past two decades,the development of the ambient noise cross-correlation technology has spawned the exploration of underground structures.In addition,ambient noise-based monitoring has emerged because of the feasibility of reconstructing the continuous Green’s functions.Investigating the physical properties of a subsurface medium by tracking changes in seismic wave velocity that do not depend on the occurrence of earthquakes or the continuity of artificial sources dramatically increases the possibility of researching the evolution of crustal deformation.In this article,we outline some state-of-the-art techniques for noise-based monitoring,including moving-window cross-spectral analysis,the stretching method,dynamic time wrapping,wavelet cross-spectrum analysis,and a combination of these measurement methods,with either a Bayesian least-squares inversion or the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method.We briefly state the principles underlying the different methods and their pros and cons.By elaborating on some typical noisebased monitoring applications,we show how this technique can be widely applied in different scenarios and adapted to multiples scales.We list classical applications,such as following earthquake-related co-and postseismic velocity changes,forecasting volcanic eruptions,and tracking external environmental forcing-generated transient changes.By monitoring cases having different targets at different scales,we point out the applicability of this technology for disaster prediction and early warning of small-scale reservoirs,landslides,and so forth.Finally,we conclude with some possible developments of noise-based monitoring at present and summarize some prospective research directions.To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of passive-source noise monitoring,we propose integrating different methods and seismic sources.Further interdisciplinary collaboration is indispensable for comprehensively interpreting the observed changes.