The research introduced the application of Personality Style Inventory on two levels of educational leaders: K12 level and higher education level, including both American and Chinese school leaders. Through comparing ...The research introduced the application of Personality Style Inventory on two levels of educational leaders: K12 level and higher education level, including both American and Chinese school leaders. Through comparing and contrasting of personality types at different levels, it is revealed that educational leaders in different levels have different personal characteristics and the researcher tries to find out how the Personality Style Inventory can improve the leadership practice.展开更多
Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and vol...Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.展开更多
Personality refers to the integration of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors specific to individual. The fact that personality has a distinguishing feature among individuals explains different behaviors of individuals a...Personality refers to the integration of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors specific to individual. The fact that personality has a distinguishing feature among individuals explains different behaviors of individuals against events and situations. This arises from the fact that personality is specific to individual and is affected by the effects of many factors with which it interacts, and from the integration of them. In this context, this research is based on the hypothesis that there is a relationship between vocs.tionai school students＇ demographic features including their family, socio-culture, geographical environments （gender, age, department, grade, parental education, number of siblings, birth order in the family, and the family＇s income levels）, and the personality profiles. The research was carded out as part of five-factor model of personality in an attempt to determine whether vocational school students＇ personality profiles vary according to demographic variables and to reveal the relationship between them. The research sample consisted of 220 students selected from the students studying in Altmta~ Vocational School in the Spring Term of the 2013-2014 Academic Year. Data were analyzed via SPSS 15.0 statistical package program by performing t-test, analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. While a significant difference was found between students＇ five-factor personality profiles according to gender, age, department, average, father＇s education, and the number of siblings, no significant difference was found among grade, mother＇s education, birth order in the family, and income levels. Moreover, independent variables affecting students＇ academic averages were determined as a result of the logistic regression analysis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate Quality of life(QoL) in chronic heart failure(CHF) in relation to Neuroticism personality trait and CHF severity.METHODS: Thirty six consecutive, outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure(6 females and 3...AIM: To evaluate Quality of life(QoL) in chronic heart failure(CHF) in relation to Neuroticism personality trait and CHF severity.METHODS: Thirty six consecutive, outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure(6 females and 30 males, mean age: 54 ± 12 years), with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% at optimal medical treatment at the time of inclusion, were asked to answer the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire(KCCQ) for Quality ofLife assessment and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory for personality assessment. All patients un-derwent a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle-ergometer, in order to access CHF severity. A multivariate linear regression analysis us-ing simultaneous entry of predictors was performed to examine which of the CHF variables and of the person-ality variables were correlated independently to QoL scores in the two summary scales of the KCCQ, namely the Overall Summary Scale and the Clinical Summary Scale.RESULTS: The Neuroticism personality trait score had a significant inverse correlation with the Clinical Sum-mary Score and Overall Summary Score of the KCCQ(r =-0.621, P < 0.05 and r =-0.543, P < 0.001, respec-tively). KCCQ summary scales did not show significant correlations with the personality traits of Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Mul-tivariate linear regression analysis using simultaneous entry of predictors was also conducted to determine the best linear combination of statistically significant univari-ate predictors such as Neuroticism, VE/VCO2 slope and VO2 peak, for predicting KCCQ Clinical Summary Score. The results show Neuroticism(β =-0.37, P < 0.05), VE/VCO2 slope(β =-0.31, P < 0.05) and VO2 peak(β = 0.37, P < 0.05) to be independent predictors of QoL. In multivariate regression analysis Neuroticism(b =-0.37, P < 0.05), the slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise,(VE/VCO2 slope)(b =-0.31, P < 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),(b = 0.37, P < 0.05) were independent predictors of QoL(adjusted R2 = 0.64; F = 18.89, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Neuroticism is independently associat-ed with QoL in CHF. QoL in CHF is not only determined by disease severity but also by the Neuroticism person-ality trait.展开更多
<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>This double blind randomized clinical trial with 84 participants, revealed that mental patients diagnosed with narcis...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>This double blind randomized clinical trial with 84 participants, revealed that mental patients diagnosed with narcissism, and narcissistic celebrities mirror each other’s paranoid, obsessive and histrionic symptomatology, grandiosity, manipulative charm, and inner emptiness. Elite narcissists manifested insidious sadism in the absence of depressive affect, while the narcissistic patients were differentiated by their depressive and masochistic symptomatology. Elite narcissists demonstrated advanced empathic skills, contradicting past literature. However, their empathic advantage appeared void of compassion, merely employed as a self-serving tactic to exploit, intimidate and subordinate. Both experimental narcissistic groups evidenced more prevalent psychopathology, yet, higher achievement, efficacy and ambition than their reciprocal control groups, confirming the narcissists’ finesse in concealing psychopathology under the brilliance of their pseudosuperiority. The main danger is the affinity between masochism and sadism, bonding low and high functioning narcissistic counterparts to endlessly feed from each-others’ pathology, forming dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, cults or disintegrating societies. This sadomasochistic dependency also reflects several countries’ authoritarian trends, where narcissistic constituents’ unyielding loyalty elevates idolized leaders to power, preluding the establishment of toxic tyrannical governments. </p>展开更多
目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食...目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食型41例,暴食/清除型53例;选取72例某精神专科医院实习护士为对照组。两组均采用明尼苏达多项人格(MMPI)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行测查。结果:病例组抑郁症状(85.1%vs.8.3%)和焦虑症状(75.5%vs.2.8%)的检出率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。病例组M M PI测试结果除男子-女子气、说谎量表、诈病量表、校正量表的T分与对照组无统计学差异外(均P>0.05),精神病态、抑郁、癔病、疑病、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症、轻躁狂及社会内向的T分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);T分最高的量表分为精神病态(Pd)(63.8±11.2),其次是抑郁(D)(61.0±12.8),两点编码呈现24/42编码。暴食/清除型患者的疑病(Hs)的T分高于限食型[(53.3±9.9)vs.(58.7±9.3),P<0.05]。结论:神经性厌食患者有其特定的人格特征,尤其是精神病态和抑郁更为突出。展开更多
文摘The research introduced the application of Personality Style Inventory on two levels of educational leaders: K12 level and higher education level, including both American and Chinese school leaders. Through comparing and contrasting of personality types at different levels, it is revealed that educational leaders in different levels have different personal characteristics and the researcher tries to find out how the Personality Style Inventory can improve the leadership practice.
文摘Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.
文摘Personality refers to the integration of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors specific to individual. The fact that personality has a distinguishing feature among individuals explains different behaviors of individuals against events and situations. This arises from the fact that personality is specific to individual and is affected by the effects of many factors with which it interacts, and from the integration of them. In this context, this research is based on the hypothesis that there is a relationship between vocs.tionai school students＇ demographic features including their family, socio-culture, geographical environments （gender, age, department, grade, parental education, number of siblings, birth order in the family, and the family＇s income levels）, and the personality profiles. The research was carded out as part of five-factor model of personality in an attempt to determine whether vocational school students＇ personality profiles vary according to demographic variables and to reveal the relationship between them. The research sample consisted of 220 students selected from the students studying in Altmta~ Vocational School in the Spring Term of the 2013-2014 Academic Year. Data were analyzed via SPSS 15.0 statistical package program by performing t-test, analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. While a significant difference was found between students＇ five-factor personality profiles according to gender, age, department, average, father＇s education, and the number of siblings, no significant difference was found among grade, mother＇s education, birth order in the family, and income levels. Moreover, independent variables affecting students＇ academic averages were determined as a result of the logistic regression analysis.
文摘AIM: To evaluate Quality of life(QoL) in chronic heart failure(CHF) in relation to Neuroticism personality trait and CHF severity.METHODS: Thirty six consecutive, outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure(6 females and 30 males, mean age: 54 ± 12 years), with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% at optimal medical treatment at the time of inclusion, were asked to answer the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire(KCCQ) for Quality ofLife assessment and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory for personality assessment. All patients un-derwent a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle-ergometer, in order to access CHF severity. A multivariate linear regression analysis us-ing simultaneous entry of predictors was performed to examine which of the CHF variables and of the person-ality variables were correlated independently to QoL scores in the two summary scales of the KCCQ, namely the Overall Summary Scale and the Clinical Summary Scale.RESULTS: The Neuroticism personality trait score had a significant inverse correlation with the Clinical Sum-mary Score and Overall Summary Score of the KCCQ(r =-0.621, P < 0.05 and r =-0.543, P < 0.001, respec-tively). KCCQ summary scales did not show significant correlations with the personality traits of Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Mul-tivariate linear regression analysis using simultaneous entry of predictors was also conducted to determine the best linear combination of statistically significant univari-ate predictors such as Neuroticism, VE/VCO2 slope and VO2 peak, for predicting KCCQ Clinical Summary Score. The results show Neuroticism(β =-0.37, P < 0.05), VE/VCO2 slope(β =-0.31, P < 0.05) and VO2 peak(β = 0.37, P < 0.05) to be independent predictors of QoL. In multivariate regression analysis Neuroticism(b =-0.37, P < 0.05), the slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise,(VE/VCO2 slope)(b =-0.31, P < 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),(b = 0.37, P < 0.05) were independent predictors of QoL(adjusted R2 = 0.64; F = 18.89, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Neuroticism is independently associat-ed with QoL in CHF. QoL in CHF is not only determined by disease severity but also by the Neuroticism person-ality trait.
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>This double blind randomized clinical trial with 84 participants, revealed that mental patients diagnosed with narcissism, and narcissistic celebrities mirror each other’s paranoid, obsessive and histrionic symptomatology, grandiosity, manipulative charm, and inner emptiness. Elite narcissists manifested insidious sadism in the absence of depressive affect, while the narcissistic patients were differentiated by their depressive and masochistic symptomatology. Elite narcissists demonstrated advanced empathic skills, contradicting past literature. However, their empathic advantage appeared void of compassion, merely employed as a self-serving tactic to exploit, intimidate and subordinate. Both experimental narcissistic groups evidenced more prevalent psychopathology, yet, higher achievement, efficacy and ambition than their reciprocal control groups, confirming the narcissists’ finesse in concealing psychopathology under the brilliance of their pseudosuperiority. The main danger is the affinity between masochism and sadism, bonding low and high functioning narcissistic counterparts to endlessly feed from each-others’ pathology, forming dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, cults or disintegrating societies. This sadomasochistic dependency also reflects several countries’ authoritarian trends, where narcissistic constituents’ unyielding loyalty elevates idolized leaders to power, preluding the establishment of toxic tyrannical governments. </p>
文摘目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食型41例,暴食/清除型53例;选取72例某精神专科医院实习护士为对照组。两组均采用明尼苏达多项人格(MMPI)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行测查。结果:病例组抑郁症状(85.1%vs.8.3%)和焦虑症状(75.5%vs.2.8%)的检出率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。病例组M M PI测试结果除男子-女子气、说谎量表、诈病量表、校正量表的T分与对照组无统计学差异外(均P>0.05),精神病态、抑郁、癔病、疑病、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症、轻躁狂及社会内向的T分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);T分最高的量表分为精神病态(Pd)(63.8±11.2),其次是抑郁(D)(61.0±12.8),两点编码呈现24/42编码。暴食/清除型患者的疑病(Hs)的T分高于限食型[(53.3±9.9)vs.(58.7±9.3),P<0.05]。结论:神经性厌食患者有其特定的人格特征,尤其是精神病态和抑郁更为突出。
