Present state,basic theories,methods and progresses of investigation and assessment on marine hazardous geology in China

The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.

Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic tractor-retarder assembly under traction work condition

To obtain the performance characteristics of hydrodynamic tractor-retarder assembly under traction work condition,a numerical simulation model of flow channel was established and tetrahedron unstructured grids were adopted in the meshing stage.The racing rotating speed of the brake wheels was calculated by computational fluid dynamics（CFD） calculation and interpolation,and then accurate boundary condition was applied to the CFD simulation to study the pressure and velocity distribution of internal flow field in hydrodynamic tractor-retarder assembly.Finally,the original characteristics were calculated by CFD post-processing analysis.Comparison of experimental data and flow field analysis results showed that the calculation tolerance of the torque ratio K and the efficiency η was less than 5%,and the calculation tolerance of the pump torque coefficient λ was less than 10%.

Investigation of Present Situation of Urban Road Traffic in Nanchang City and Countermeasures

The present situation of urban road traffic in Nanchang City was surveyed systematically from the present situation of the road structure,characteristics of trafficvolume,residents' trips,etc.,then the existing problems were analyzed,and some countermeasures were put forward finally.

Comparative Analysis of Facility Present Condition of Selected Schools and Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria

This article investigates the comparative analysis of the facility present condition (FPC) of selected health and educational buildings in Rivers State. State funded hospitals and schools (14 functional out of 23 general hospitals and 2 out of 3 tertiary schools) were selected for the study. The general hospital is a secondary health facility designed to bring health care services close to citizens especially those in rural communities. These facilities were inherited from the colonial masters in 1960. An assessment visit in2016 found the 23 general hospitals completely dilapidated and abandoned. However, rehabilitation intervention was carried out by the government in 2020. This scenario was quite different with the schools. Thus, this study is to increase the awareness of facility operators on building maintenance. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the hospitals and schools, while simple random sampling was adopted for questionnaire distribution to 300 respondents. The instrument reliability and validity were ascertained using Cronbach Alpha and face validity. The instrument obtained information about the status of the facility present condition. SPSS and Microsoft Xlstat were used to obtain the mean and frequency distribution of the responses. Comparative analysis was conducted to understand the FPC of the schools and hospitals. Z-test was deployed to ascertain if there was a significant difference in the FPC between the two institutions. Checklist was adopted to confirm the findings. The result from the survey showed that schools have better FPC than hospitals.

Have some landscapes in the eastern Canadian boreal forest moved beyond their natural range of variability?

Background: In the contxt of ecosystem management, the present study aims to compare the natural and the present-day forested landscapes of a large territory in Quebec(Canada). Using contemporary and long-term fire cycles, each natural forst landscape is defined according to the variability of its structure and composition, and compared to the present-day landscape. This analysis was conducted to address the question of whether human activities have moved these ecosystems outside the range of natural landscape variability.Methods: The study encompassed a forested area of 175 000 km2 divided into 14 landscapes. Using a framework that integrates fire cycles, age structure and forest dynamics, we characterized the forest composition and age structures that resulted from three historical fire cycles(110,140, and 180 years) representative of the boreal forest of eastern Canada. The modeled natural landscapes were compared with present-day landscapes in regard to the proportion of old-growth forests(landscape level) and the proportion of late-successional forest stands(landscape level and potential vegetation type).Results: Four landscapes(39%) remain within their natural range of variability. In contrast, nine landscapes(54%)show a large gap between natural and present-day landscapes. These nine are located in the southern portion of the study area, and are mainly associated with Abies-Betula vegetation where human activities have contributed to a strong increase in the proportion of Populus tremuloides stands(early-successional stages) and a decrease of oldgrowth forest stands(more than 100 years old). A single landscape(7%), substantially changed from its potential natural state, is a candidate for adaptive-based management.Conclusion: Comparison of corresponding natural(reference conditions) and present-day landscapes showed that ten landscapes reflecting an important shift in forest composition and age structure could be considered beyond the range of their natural variability. The description of a landscape's natural variability at the scale of several millennia can be considered a moving benchmark that can be re-evaluated in the context of climate change.Focusing on regional landscape characteristics and long-term natural variability of vegetation and forest age structure represents a step forward in methodology for defining reference conditions and following shifts in landscape over time.

Permafrost and geotechnical investigations in Nalaikh Depression of Mongolia

Mongolia is a land-locked country in Central Asia, located between Russia and China. The country＇s high altitude results in cold, dry, and harsh climatic conditions with permafrost being widespread through the territory. Although the capital city Ulaanbaatar is situated in an area with discontinuous permafrost, the downtown section has recently seen a disappearance of permafrost due to an underground central heating system. During the last decade, expansion of the suburbs toward the Nalaikh Depression has resulted in construction of a new residential complex （Urgakh Naran）, construction materials trading center, cement factory and agricultural products market. In the next 10 years, projects such as a university campus, logistics center, residential complex, railway and highway extensions connecting Russia and China have been planned. Engineering-geological and geotechnical investigations have been conducted for these construction projects. This paper presents some of the results determining the engineering geocryological conditions of Nalaikh district and offers foundation design options.

Countermeasures and Investigation of Land Circulation in Less Developed Agricultural Area of Henan Province,China

Some places in Henan Province are investigated by using sample surveys and interviews. Result shows that land circulation in less developed agricultural area of Henan Province has the characteristics of small scale,single form,short period,and circulation land in economic core region. Problems in land circulation are as follows:slow transfer of rural surplus labor force,hard implementation of fundamental land circulation,complicated mentality towards rural land circulation,many misgivings about land circulation,the unformed social service system of land circulation,and imperfect agricultural risk prevention mechanism for circulated land use. Based on the characteristics of land circulation,suggestions for promoting the land circulation of less developed agricultural areas are put forward in order to solve the problems in land circulation and to lay the foundation for effective implementation of land circulation,such as speeding up the development of urbanization,developing the circulation of collective land,effectively implementing the laws and regulations of rural collective land circulation,transferring land according to law,establishing market mechanism of agricultural land circulation,promoting the agricultural industrialization,establishing market mechanism of agricultural land circulation,promoting the agricultural industrialization,energetically readjusting rural industrial structure,and developing economy with local characteristics.

Present Development Situation of Transgenic Crops and Effect on Ecological Environment

The present development situation of transgenic crops and their effect on ecological environment are introduced in the paper. Some relevant strategies for their future and how to control the risks of ecological environment are presented.

Importance of Geotechnical Investigation for Design and Construction of Shafts over 1000 m Deep

In most cases, copper ore deposits occur at great depths, so the optimization of excavation costs is of utmost importance to identify the most cost effective and productive mining methods, such as block caving or similar methods specifically developed for these deposits. To be able to apply such methods, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the rock mass in terms of its geomechanical, engineering geological and hydrogeological characteristics. This research aims to reduce geological and geotechnical unknowns, analyze in detail the geological environment, and predict geotechnical conditions for the construction of the shaft. This paper uses the example of Borska Reka Copper Deposit, located in Serbia to illustrate the importance of geotechnical investigation to enable best practice in design and construction of shafts that are over 1000 m deep.

Theoretical investigation of core mode cut-off condition for tapered multicore fiber

Core mode cutoff is a useful concept not only for a tapered single-core fiber(SCF) but also for a tapered multicore fiber(MCF) to realize cladding mode transmission. In this paper, cut-off conditions of either core mode for tapered SCFs or supermodes for MCFs are theoretically investigated. Rigorous analytical formulas are derived for the modes of SCF by a three-layer waveguide model, and an approximation formula of the cut-off condition is given for the LP01 mode. The supermodes of MCFs are analyzed by the coupling mode theory, and the cut-off condition is calculated by a numerical method. Simulation results show that the in-phase supermode of MCFs has a similar cut-off condition with that of SCF. Based on this property, a convenient approximate formula is given to estimate the cut-off condition of the in-phase supermode for tapered MCFs.

High-temperature investigation of mould slag crystallization by single and double hot thermocouple techniques

Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique(SHTT/DHTT)are reviewed.In the continuous casting process of steels,horizontal heat transfer is mainly influenced by the crystallization behaviour of the mould flux film.Here,both precipitation of crystals out of a liquid phase and devitrification of the glassy film in contact with the mould are of main interest.Therefore,various investigation methods are implemented to characterize different slag properties related to crystallization:a viscometer for determining the break temperature,differential thermal analysis(DTA),confocal scanning laser microscopy,and the water-cooled copper finger test.For near-service conditions,DHTT reveals the most detailed information,including not only the crystallization or devitrification temperature but also the morphology as well as the crystallization velocity.Due to improvements in the device and the representation of the results,a comparison of different samples is possible.Nevertheless,the application field of SHTT/DHTT is restricted to slag systems with low contents of evaporating components.Furthermore,the time required for data analysis is significantly longer than that required for other methods,e.g.DTA.Therefore,the application of DHTT is mainly advisable for mould slag research and development,whereas DTA can also be used for incoming inspections.

Demographic and Clinical Profiles of Blood Transfusion Recipients at a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya

Background: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It is required universally to manage various medical, surgical and obstetric conditions. Establishing the profiles of blood recipients would help in predicting the long term needs of blood transfusion as changing patterns of populations, diseases and health care will result in changing demands for blood and blood components. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of blood use in terms of demographic and clinical profiles of the recipients. Methods: A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used;data were collected using a structured data collection form and was analyzed using frequency tables. Results: The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 0 to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients, of which 57.7% were in the reproductive age group (15 - 49 years). The majority of the recipients (60%) were from surgical and medical wards. The main indication of the transfusion was anaemia (62.8%) and most of the transfused patients were being treated for neoplasms (23.2%), pregnancy and childbirth related conditions (11.7%), injuries (11.5%) and infections (11.4%). Conclusion: Majority of the transfused patients were relatively young and were females. Anemia was the main indication of the transfusion and most of the transfused recipients presented with neoplasms, pregnancy and childbirth related conditions, infections and injuries.

城市国土空间监测初探

城市国土空间监测是我国首次基于土地利用大规模对城市自然资源和人文地理要素实施全面监测的一项重要举措,是一项涉及行业众多,时间和空间尺度各不相同,内容繁杂的科技工程。本文通过试点探索项目关键技术和作业流程,总结组织管理和实施中的问题,为《技术方案(征求意见稿)》(自然资调查函[2022]30号和36号)提出补充完善意见,提升生产效率和质量,归纳可复制,可推广的经验,形成一套行之有效的管理模式,推动城市国土空间监测项目关键技术创新。

太原市老年人膳食行为现状及其影响因素

目的:调查分析太原市老年人膳食行为现状及其影响因素,并了解老年人健康状况。方法:2023年5月—8月选取太原市多个社区的650名老年人为研究对象,使用老年人社会人口学资料调查表、老年人膳食行为习惯调查量表、简明健康调查表(SF-36)进行调查分析。结果:650名老年人中,膳食行为优62人、良510人、中78人。不同文化程度、月收入、既往职业、婚姻状况、是否患有慢性病的老年人膳食行为水平不同(P<0.05)。650名老年人生理功能得分为(83.56±11.54)分,情感职能得分为(82.45±6.98)分,生理职能得分为(77.78±7.98)分,躯体疼痛得分为(68.97±4.21)分,生命活力得分为(75.41±6.28)分,社会功能得分为(78.44±8.68)分,精神健康得分为(74.13±10.34)分,总体健康得分为(59.85±16.52)分。结论:太原市老年人膳食行为受文化程度、月收入、既往职业、婚姻状况、是否患有慢性病影响,健康状况有待提升,需要及时采取行之有效的干预措施,提升老年人的健康水平,使其保持健康的生活与膳食习惯。

医学院校在校研究生学术不端认知情况调查研究

目的 了解普通高等医学院校在校研究生学术不端认知和行为选择现状,完善学术道德的教育。方法于2022年1月4日通过电子调查问卷,以专业年级为单位,对右江民族医学院2019—2021级在校研究生进行学术不端的认知和行为调查。结果 通过对198份有效问卷进行分析,发现有135名(68.2%)研究生表示对学术不端一般了解;有122名(61.6%)研究生表示非常重视平时学术论文写作过程中学术诚信的相关规范;有163名(82.3%)研究生认为坚决抵制,严厉惩罚论文抄袭行为。利益驱使、自身学术道德和法律意识差、有论文发表数量规定是学术不端、学术论文不诚信现象的主要原因。结论 医学研究生对学术不端的认知度有所欠缺,学校要通过加强研究生的主观教育,提升自律意识,建立健全的相关规范制度、落实导师督导责任制,强化他律的机制建设等措施预防学术不端行为的发生。

2019年天津市农村家庭环境卫生行为影响因素研究

目的调查天津市涉农区农村家庭的卫生行为状况,分析其影响因素。方法于2019年对天津市的三个典型涉农区采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取60个样本村和300户农村家庭后进行横断面调查,主要内容包括农村环境卫生基本情况、家庭基本情况和家庭卫生行为。采用多水平Logistic回归模型分析农村环境卫生条件、人口经济学状况对家庭卫生行为指标的影响。结果村内是否组织改厕对农户家庭是否使用卫生厕所的影响有显著性(P<0.05);提供间歇性供水的村中,喝包装水的家庭所占比例较连续性供水的村更低(P<0.05);农村家庭是否使用卫生厕所以及农村家庭的饮水习惯在行政村水平存在聚集性(P<0.05)。结论村内有组织的改厕可以促进村民使用卫生厕所;间歇式供水可能会引起居民家庭饮水方式的改变,与农民家庭卫生行为相关的环境卫生条件的保障需要引起足够关注;对具有村-户两级嵌套结构的数据分析时,更适合采用层次结构模型。

吕文良教授“火候”学理论治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎

吕文良教授首创中医辨证论治的“火候”理论,强调在慢性疾病的各阶段精准把控邪气与正气的矛盾状态,以扶正祛邪、攻伐有度为总原则,治疗以调和气血、阴阳为主,达到和其不和、随症治之的目的。他认为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的复杂的病理变化可根据其自然病程大致分为3个阶段:疫毒侵袭、正虚邪伏;肝郁脾虚、湿热内结;正气虚衰、邪气残留。他运用“火候”理论诊治慢性乙型病毒性肝炎,效验颇丰。

芜湖农村地区老年人生活满意度和家庭功能现状调查及影响因素分析

目的调查芜湖地区农村老年人家庭功能和生活满意度现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法2020年1月至2021年9月通过多阶段分层整群随机抽取芜湖市及周边乡镇10个调查点采用入户问卷调查形式,调查芜湖市农村地区884位老年人的家庭功能和生活满意度现状,并分析其影响因素。结果芜湖农村老年人呈现中度家庭功能(5.98±2.37)和生活满意度(22.39±5.88),其中受教育水平、月收入、近期是否患病及居住情况在生活满意度有显著性差异,而近期是否患病及居住情况在家庭功能上存在显著性差异。spearman相关分析显示,情感度与生活满意度呈现为中等相关,在5个维度(适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度、亲密度)当中得分最高(r=0.464,P<0.05)。多因素二元logistic回归方程分析显示月收入和居住情况均影响家庭功能和生活满意度。结论芜湖农村老年人拥有中等水平的家庭功能和生活满意度,情感度是影响农村老年人生活满意度的最关键因素,应重点关注农村地区老人家庭功能和生活满意度的提高。