Background:Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing multiple chronic complications.However,there is a lack of studies of the cumulative number of diabetic complications in China.Methods:A retrospe...Background:Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing multiple chronic complications.However,there is a lack of studies of the cumulative number of diabetic complications in China.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed from 2009 to 2021.Type 2 diabetes patients who were first diagnosed after the age of 35 years between January 1,2009,and December 31,2017,were included.Five states were defined according to the number of chronic complications:no(S0),one(S1),two(S2),three(S3),and four or more complications(S4).A multi-state Markov model was constructed to estimate transition probability,transition intensity,mean sojourn time,and the possible factors for each state.Results:The study included 32653 type 2 diabetes patients(mean age,59.59 years;15929(48.8%)male),and mean follow-up time of 7.75 years.In all,4375 transitions were observed.The 12-year transition probability of from state S0 to S1 was the lowest at 16.4%,while that from S2 to S3 was the highest,at 45.6%.Higher fasting blood glucose,lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,higher total cholesterol,and an unhealthy diet were associated with higher risk of progression from S0 to S1.Being female,less than 60 years old,weekly physical activity,and vegetarian diet decreased this risk.Being female and less than 60 years old reduced the likelihood of transition from S1 to S2,whereas lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased this likelihood.Conclusions:Following the occurrence of two complications in type 2 diabetes patients,the risk for accumulating a third complication within a short time is significantly increased.It is important to take advantage of the stable window period when patients have fewer than two complications,strengthen the monitoring of blood glucose and blood lipids,and encourage patients to maintain good living habits to prevent further deterioration.展开更多
The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e‐ORR)in acidic media has emerged as a green process for the production of this valuable chemical.However,such an ap...The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e‐ORR)in acidic media has emerged as a green process for the production of this valuable chemical.However,such an approach employs expensive noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts,which severely undermines its feasibility when implemented on an industrial scale.Herein,based on density functional theory computations and microkinetic modeling,we demonstrate that a novel two‐dimensional(2D)material,namely a 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer,can serve as an efficient non‐precious electrocatalyst to facilitate the 2e‐ORR.The 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer is a stable 2D crystal that can be easily produced through exfoliation techniques.The surface‐exposed Te sites of the 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer exhibit a favorable OOH*binding energy of 4.24 eV,resulting in a rather high basal plane activity toward the 2e‐ORR.Importantly,kinetic computations indicate that the 1T'‐MoTe_(2)monolayer preferentially promotes the formation of H_(2)O_(2)over the competing four‐electron ORR step.These desirable characteristics render 1T′‐MoTe_(2)a promising candidate for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
The Blume-Capel model in the presence of external magnetic field H has been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton in three-dimension lattice. The field critical exp...The Blume-Capel model in the presence of external magnetic field H has been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton in three-dimension lattice. The field critical exponent 5 is estimated using the power law relations and the finite size scaling functions for the magnetization and the susceptibility in the range -0.1≤ h = H/J ≤0. The estimated value of the field critical exponent 5 is in good agreement with the universal value （δ = 5） in three dimensions. The simulations are carried out on a simple cubic lattice under periodic boundary conditions.展开更多
基于耦合模式比较计划第6阶段(CMIP6)中的全球气候模式的模拟结果,采用考虑模式性能和独立性结合(Climate model Weighting by Independence and Performance,ClimWIP)的加权方案进行中国区域气候的多模式集合预估及不确定性研究。结果...基于耦合模式比较计划第6阶段(CMIP6)中的全球气候模式的模拟结果,采用考虑模式性能和独立性结合(Climate model Weighting by Independence and Performance,ClimWIP)的加权方案进行中国区域气候的多模式集合预估及不确定性研究。结果表明,ClimWIP方案在历史阶段的模拟优于等权重方案,降低了多模式模拟的气候态偏差。温度指数的未来预估不确定性较大的区域主要集中在中国北方和青藏高原,而降水指数主要集中在华北和西北地区。ClimWIP方案的预估不确定性与等权重方案相比有所降低。ClimWIP方案预估的温度指数的增温大值区主要集中在中国北方和青藏高原;降水指数在西北和青藏高原增加最为显著。全球额外0.5℃增暖时,中国区域平均的温度指数变化更强,平均高于全球0.2℃,最低温在东北部分地区的额外增温甚至是全球平均的3倍;总降水额外增加5.2%;强降水额外增加10.5%。全球增暖2℃下,中国大部分区域温度指数较当前气候态增加可能超过1.5℃(概率>50%),在中国北方和青藏高原的部分地区增温超过1.5℃的可能性更大(概率>90%);总降水,强降水和连续干日在西北和华北增加幅度有可能超过10%、25%和-5 d(概率>50%)。展开更多
In this paper, we consider the optimal problem of channels sharing with het-erogeneous traffic （real-time service and non-real-time service） to reduce the data conflict probability of users. Moreover, a multi-dimens...In this paper, we consider the optimal problem of channels sharing with het-erogeneous traffic （real-time service and non-real-time service） to reduce the data conflict probability of users. Moreover, a multi-dimensional Markov chain model is developed to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. Meanwhile, performance metrics are derived. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the forced termination probability, blocking probability and spectrum utilization.展开更多
This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -...This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -3D ) is presented in the Present paper,which is the most suitable one for the dual - structured - aquifer system. An example of Wenyinghu area is shown.By using the 2D-3D model, a satisfied result of the simulated area is achieved.展开更多
The lower Yellow River still faces the threat of flood due to the unusual precipitation caused by global environmental change, river channel sedimentation, hidden danger in the dike and unfavorable river regime of ＂h...The lower Yellow River still faces the threat of flood due to the unusual precipitation caused by global environmental change, river channel sedimentation, hidden danger in the dike and unfavorable river regime of ＂hanging river＂. According to the characteristics of the dike-break flood of the Yellow River, this paper has simulated, in six different scenarios, the dike-break flood routing by inputting the terrain data, typical historical flood data and land use data of study area to two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The results show that： firstly, the routing process of flood will occupy other rivers on the way and return to the rivers after reaching the lower reaches; secondly, in the same river reach, flood inundating area of north band is bigger than that at corresponding location of south bank under the same historical flood; thirdly, it is different in the degree of flood inundation in different regions due to different geographical locations in flood plain; fourthly, the area of mainstream where flood is deep and flow velocity is quick is relatively smaller, but the area of non-mainstream, where flood is shallow and flow velocity is slow, is relatively big; and finally, the possible influenced area of the dike-break flood is 141,948 km^2.展开更多
文中用包含海洋化学过程和一个简单生物过程的三维碳循环模式模拟了海洋对大气CO2 的吸收 ,并分析了碳吸收的纬度分布。模拟工业革命以来海洋对大气 CO2 的吸收表明 :海洋碳吸收再加上大气 CO2 的增加只占由化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和土...文中用包含海洋化学过程和一个简单生物过程的三维碳循环模式模拟了海洋对大气CO2 的吸收 ,并分析了碳吸收的纬度分布。模拟工业革命以来海洋对大气 CO2 的吸收表明 :海洋碳吸收再加上大气 CO2 的增加只占由化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和土地利用的变化而释放到大气中的 CO2 的 2 /3。1 980～ 1 989年期间海洋年平均吸收 2 .0 5Gt C。海洋人为 CO2 的吸收有明显的纬度特征。模式计算的海洋 CO2 的吸收在总量与纬度分布上与观测结果比较相符。展开更多
In this paper,we study the systematics of the 2_(1)^(+)states in the N=82 even-even isotones with proton numbers between 52 and 72.We calculate the level energies of the 0_(1)^(+),2_(1)^(+)states and the electric quad...In this paper,we study the systematics of the 2_(1)^(+)states in the N=82 even-even isotones with proton numbers between 52 and 72.We calculate the level energies of the 0_(1)^(+),2_(1)^(+)states and the electric quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+)),in the framework of the nuclear shell model with a monopole-and multipole-optimized realistic interaction.Our calculations yield good agreement with the experimental data and show a 2.5 MeV gap at Z=64 subshell closure in^(146)Gd.We predict that the B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value for^(146)Gd is close to those for^(142)Nd and^(144)Sm,and the values increase rapidly from^(148)Dy to^(152)Yb.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.72074011)the Real World Study Project of Hainan Boao Lecheng Pilot Zone(Real World Study Base of NMPA)(HNLC2022RWS012)+1 种基金the fundamental research funds for central public welfare research institutes(2023CZ-11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003536).
文摘Background:Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing multiple chronic complications.However,there is a lack of studies of the cumulative number of diabetic complications in China.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed from 2009 to 2021.Type 2 diabetes patients who were first diagnosed after the age of 35 years between January 1,2009,and December 31,2017,were included.Five states were defined according to the number of chronic complications:no(S0),one(S1),two(S2),three(S3),and four or more complications(S4).A multi-state Markov model was constructed to estimate transition probability,transition intensity,mean sojourn time,and the possible factors for each state.Results:The study included 32653 type 2 diabetes patients(mean age,59.59 years;15929(48.8%)male),and mean follow-up time of 7.75 years.In all,4375 transitions were observed.The 12-year transition probability of from state S0 to S1 was the lowest at 16.4%,while that from S2 to S3 was the highest,at 45.6%.Higher fasting blood glucose,lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,higher total cholesterol,and an unhealthy diet were associated with higher risk of progression from S0 to S1.Being female,less than 60 years old,weekly physical activity,and vegetarian diet decreased this risk.Being female and less than 60 years old reduced the likelihood of transition from S1 to S2,whereas lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased this likelihood.Conclusions:Following the occurrence of two complications in type 2 diabetes patients,the risk for accumulating a third complication within a short time is significantly increased.It is important to take advantage of the stable window period when patients have fewer than two complications,strengthen the monitoring of blood glucose and blood lipids,and encourage patients to maintain good living habits to prevent further deterioration.
文摘The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e‐ORR)in acidic media has emerged as a green process for the production of this valuable chemical.However,such an approach employs expensive noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts,which severely undermines its feasibility when implemented on an industrial scale.Herein,based on density functional theory computations and microkinetic modeling,we demonstrate that a novel two‐dimensional(2D)material,namely a 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer,can serve as an efficient non‐precious electrocatalyst to facilitate the 2e‐ORR.The 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer is a stable 2D crystal that can be easily produced through exfoliation techniques.The surface‐exposed Te sites of the 1T′‐MoTe_(2)monolayer exhibit a favorable OOH*binding energy of 4.24 eV,resulting in a rather high basal plane activity toward the 2e‐ORR.Importantly,kinetic computations indicate that the 1T'‐MoTe_(2)monolayer preferentially promotes the formation of H_(2)O_(2)over the competing four‐electron ORR step.These desirable characteristics render 1T′‐MoTe_(2)a promising candidate for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2).
文摘The Blume-Capel model in the presence of external magnetic field H has been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton in three-dimension lattice. The field critical exponent 5 is estimated using the power law relations and the finite size scaling functions for the magnetization and the susceptibility in the range -0.1≤ h = H/J ≤0. The estimated value of the field critical exponent 5 is in good agreement with the universal value （δ = 5） in three dimensions. The simulations are carried out on a simple cubic lattice under periodic boundary conditions.
文摘基于耦合模式比较计划第6阶段(CMIP6)中的全球气候模式的模拟结果,采用考虑模式性能和独立性结合(Climate model Weighting by Independence and Performance,ClimWIP)的加权方案进行中国区域气候的多模式集合预估及不确定性研究。结果表明,ClimWIP方案在历史阶段的模拟优于等权重方案,降低了多模式模拟的气候态偏差。温度指数的未来预估不确定性较大的区域主要集中在中国北方和青藏高原,而降水指数主要集中在华北和西北地区。ClimWIP方案的预估不确定性与等权重方案相比有所降低。ClimWIP方案预估的温度指数的增温大值区主要集中在中国北方和青藏高原;降水指数在西北和青藏高原增加最为显著。全球额外0.5℃增暖时,中国区域平均的温度指数变化更强,平均高于全球0.2℃,最低温在东北部分地区的额外增温甚至是全球平均的3倍;总降水额外增加5.2%;强降水额外增加10.5%。全球增暖2℃下,中国大部分区域温度指数较当前气候态增加可能超过1.5℃(概率>50%),在中国北方和青藏高原的部分地区增温超过1.5℃的可能性更大(概率>90%);总降水,强降水和连续干日在西北和华北增加幅度有可能超过10%、25%和-5 d(概率>50%)。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60972016,61231010)the Funds of Distinguished Young Scientists(2009CDA150)+1 种基金China-Finnish Cooperation Project(2010DFB10570)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20120142110015)
文摘In this paper, we consider the optimal problem of channels sharing with het-erogeneous traffic （real-time service and non-real-time service） to reduce the data conflict probability of users. Moreover, a multi-dimensional Markov chain model is developed to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. Meanwhile, performance metrics are derived. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the forced termination probability, blocking probability and spectrum utilization.
文摘This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -3D ) is presented in the Present paper,which is the most suitable one for the dual - structured - aquifer system. An example of Wenyinghu area is shown.By using the 2D-3D model, a satisfied result of the simulated area is achieved.
基金The State Scientific Research Plan, No.96-920-09-01
文摘The lower Yellow River still faces the threat of flood due to the unusual precipitation caused by global environmental change, river channel sedimentation, hidden danger in the dike and unfavorable river regime of ＂hanging river＂. According to the characteristics of the dike-break flood of the Yellow River, this paper has simulated, in six different scenarios, the dike-break flood routing by inputting the terrain data, typical historical flood data and land use data of study area to two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The results show that： firstly, the routing process of flood will occupy other rivers on the way and return to the rivers after reaching the lower reaches; secondly, in the same river reach, flood inundating area of north band is bigger than that at corresponding location of south bank under the same historical flood; thirdly, it is different in the degree of flood inundation in different regions due to different geographical locations in flood plain; fourthly, the area of mainstream where flood is deep and flow velocity is quick is relatively smaller, but the area of non-mainstream, where flood is shallow and flow velocity is slow, is relatively big; and finally, the possible influenced area of the dike-break flood is 141,948 km^2.
文摘文中用包含海洋化学过程和一个简单生物过程的三维碳循环模式模拟了海洋对大气CO2 的吸收 ,并分析了碳吸收的纬度分布。模拟工业革命以来海洋对大气 CO2 的吸收表明 :海洋碳吸收再加上大气 CO2 的增加只占由化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和土地利用的变化而释放到大气中的 CO2 的 2 /3。1 980～ 1 989年期间海洋年平均吸收 2 .0 5Gt C。海洋人为 CO2 的吸收有明显的纬度特征。模式计算的海洋 CO2 的吸收在总量与纬度分布上与观测结果比较相符。
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12075169,12035011,11605122)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120240207)。
文摘In this paper,we study the systematics of the 2_(1)^(+)states in the N=82 even-even isotones with proton numbers between 52 and 72.We calculate the level energies of the 0_(1)^(+),2_(1)^(+)states and the electric quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+)),in the framework of the nuclear shell model with a monopole-and multipole-optimized realistic interaction.Our calculations yield good agreement with the experimental data and show a 2.5 MeV gap at Z=64 subshell closure in^(146)Gd.We predict that the B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value for^(146)Gd is close to those for^(142)Nd and^(144)Sm,and the values increase rapidly from^(148)Dy to^(152)Yb.
