[ Objective]This study aimed to compare differences in the pathogenicity between genotype VI Newcastle disease virus （NDV） strains from pigeons and chickens in pigeons. [ Method] Two-month-old pigeons were artificia...[ Objective]This study aimed to compare differences in the pathogenicity between genotype VI Newcastle disease virus （NDV） strains from pigeons and chickens in pigeons. [ Method] Two-month-old pigeons were artificially inoculated with ZJ3 strain from chickens and WX-10-07-Pi strain from pigeons. After inoc- ulation, the clinical symptoms, pathological anatomical changes, tracheal and cloacal detoxification, and histological lesions of experimental pigeons were observed. [ Result] Both ZJ3 strain and WX-10-07-Pi strain could infect pigeons with the incidence rate of 100%, but the mortality rate was 0. The cloacal detoxification time of pigeons in WX-10-07-Pi infection group was longer, and the virus detection rate was higher; in addition, the virus could be detected in various tissues and organs of inoculated pigeons. [ Conclusion] Different genotypes of NDV are pathogenic to pigeons, but the pathogenicity is related to the features of NDV strains. Genotype VIb NDV from pigeons can be carried and discharged for a long term in pigeons, which can spread in pigeon groups more easily.展开更多
Most patients with COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus recover from this infection, but a significant fraction progress to a fatal outcome. As with some other RNA viruses, co-infection or activation of lat...Most patients with COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus recover from this infection, but a significant fraction progress to a fatal outcome. As with some other RNA viruses, co-infection or activation of latent bacterial infections along with pre-existing health conditions in COVID-19 disease may be important in determining a fatal disease course. Mycoplasma spp. (M. pneumonaie, M. fermentans, etc.) have been routinely found as co-infections in a wide number of clinical conditions, and in some cases this has progressed to a fatal disease. Although preliminary, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been identified in COVID-19 disease, and the severity of some signs and symptoms in progressive COVID-19 patients could be due, in part, to Mycoplasma or other bacterial infections. Moreover, the presence of pathogenic Mycoplasma species or other pathogenic bacteria in COVID-19 disease may confer a perfect storm of cytokine and hemodynamic dysfunction, autoimmune activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and other complications that together cannot be easily corrected in patients with pre-existing health conditions. The positive responses of only some COVID-19 patients to antibiotic and anti-malaria therapy could have been the result of suppression of Mycoplasma species and other bacterial co-infections in subsets of patients. Thus it may be useful to use molecular tests to determine the presence of pathogenic Mycoplasma species and other pathogenic bacteria that are commonly found in atypical pneumonia in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and when positive results are obtained, these patients should treated accordingly in order to improve clinical responses and patient outcomes.展开更多
Three different kinds of viruses, the spherical virus SCSV with a diameter of about 280 nm,the rhabdovirus SCRV with a size about 250×120 nm, and the baculovirus SCBV with a size about 200×100 nm, were obser...Three different kinds of viruses, the spherical virus SCSV with a diameter of about 280 nm,the rhabdovirus SCRV with a size about 250×120 nm, and the baculovirus SCBV with a size about 200×100 nm, were observed from the tissues of diseased mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi with outbreak of infection and acute lethality. This phenomenon implicated that the reason why the epizootic disease of mandarin fish could not be quenched by only one kind of virus vaccine can be explained by the fact that the fish may be infected by different kinds of viruses. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the complexity of virus pathogens in the prevention strategy for mandarin fish diseases.展开更多
There are no eternal individual lives so life continues by relaying with reproduction.Consequently,lifespan and fecundity are two essential genetic traits of life.The life history tradeoffs theory holds that there is ...There are no eternal individual lives so life continues by relaying with reproduction.Consequently,lifespan and fecundity are two essential genetic traits of life.The life history tradeoffs theory holds that there is an inverse relationship between lifespan and fecundity.This paper proposes two new concepts,i.e.,“lifespan of pathogens”and treatment of infections by“antibiogenesis”.The lifespan of pathogens is the time limitation of those tiny lives just as other large creatures.Notably,the lifespan of bacterium is the time interval from the cell division by which it is produced to next division by then its life ends and transforms to two new lives,or dies.Antibiogenesis means inhibiting generation of new lives.By the principle of life history tradeoffs,the lifespan of pathogens determines the speed of their proliferations and consequently the modality of infection.The treatment principle of antibiogenesis requires the duration of treatment to be determined by the lifespan of infected pathogens.The life history tradeoffs theory and the two concepts are helpful to understanding the pathobiology and shaping the clinical aspects of infectious diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31440083)Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2012366)Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College(YB201006)
文摘[ Objective]This study aimed to compare differences in the pathogenicity between genotype VI Newcastle disease virus （NDV） strains from pigeons and chickens in pigeons. [ Method] Two-month-old pigeons were artificially inoculated with ZJ3 strain from chickens and WX-10-07-Pi strain from pigeons. After inoc- ulation, the clinical symptoms, pathological anatomical changes, tracheal and cloacal detoxification, and histological lesions of experimental pigeons were observed. [ Result] Both ZJ3 strain and WX-10-07-Pi strain could infect pigeons with the incidence rate of 100%, but the mortality rate was 0. The cloacal detoxification time of pigeons in WX-10-07-Pi infection group was longer, and the virus detection rate was higher; in addition, the virus could be detected in various tissues and organs of inoculated pigeons. [ Conclusion] Different genotypes of NDV are pathogenic to pigeons, but the pathogenicity is related to the features of NDV strains. Genotype VIb NDV from pigeons can be carried and discharged for a long term in pigeons, which can spread in pigeon groups more easily.
文摘Most patients with COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus recover from this infection, but a significant fraction progress to a fatal outcome. As with some other RNA viruses, co-infection or activation of latent bacterial infections along with pre-existing health conditions in COVID-19 disease may be important in determining a fatal disease course. Mycoplasma spp. (M. pneumonaie, M. fermentans, etc.) have been routinely found as co-infections in a wide number of clinical conditions, and in some cases this has progressed to a fatal disease. Although preliminary, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been identified in COVID-19 disease, and the severity of some signs and symptoms in progressive COVID-19 patients could be due, in part, to Mycoplasma or other bacterial infections. Moreover, the presence of pathogenic Mycoplasma species or other pathogenic bacteria in COVID-19 disease may confer a perfect storm of cytokine and hemodynamic dysfunction, autoimmune activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and other complications that together cannot be easily corrected in patients with pre-existing health conditions. The positive responses of only some COVID-19 patients to antibiotic and anti-malaria therapy could have been the result of suppression of Mycoplasma species and other bacterial co-infections in subsets of patients. Thus it may be useful to use molecular tests to determine the presence of pathogenic Mycoplasma species and other pathogenic bacteria that are commonly found in atypical pneumonia in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and when positive results are obtained, these patients should treated accordingly in order to improve clinical responses and patient outcomes.
文摘Three different kinds of viruses, the spherical virus SCSV with a diameter of about 280 nm,the rhabdovirus SCRV with a size about 250×120 nm, and the baculovirus SCBV with a size about 200×100 nm, were observed from the tissues of diseased mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi with outbreak of infection and acute lethality. This phenomenon implicated that the reason why the epizootic disease of mandarin fish could not be quenched by only one kind of virus vaccine can be explained by the fact that the fish may be infected by different kinds of viruses. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the complexity of virus pathogens in the prevention strategy for mandarin fish diseases.
基金The research was supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20170307143804397).
文摘There are no eternal individual lives so life continues by relaying with reproduction.Consequently,lifespan and fecundity are two essential genetic traits of life.The life history tradeoffs theory holds that there is an inverse relationship between lifespan and fecundity.This paper proposes two new concepts,i.e.,“lifespan of pathogens”and treatment of infections by“antibiogenesis”.The lifespan of pathogens is the time limitation of those tiny lives just as other large creatures.Notably,the lifespan of bacterium is the time interval from the cell division by which it is produced to next division by then its life ends and transforms to two new lives,or dies.Antibiogenesis means inhibiting generation of new lives.By the principle of life history tradeoffs,the lifespan of pathogens determines the speed of their proliferations and consequently the modality of infection.The treatment principle of antibiogenesis requires the duration of treatment to be determined by the lifespan of infected pathogens.The life history tradeoffs theory and the two concepts are helpful to understanding the pathobiology and shaping the clinical aspects of infectious diseases.
