Occurrence Regularity and Ecological Control Technology of Diseases of Hedgerow Commonly Used in Greening in Five Cities of Southern Jiangsu

The disease types, symptom characteristics, pathogenesis and ecological control technology of hedgerow commonly used in landscape greening in Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou were systematically studied. The results showed that there were 10 kinds of common diseases of flowers and shrubs in landscape greening in five cities of southern Jiangsu. Among them, 8 were caused by deuteromycotina and 2 were caused by subphylum basidiomycetes. It was pointed out that the disease regularity was directly related to the pathogenic bacteria, temperature and humidity, microclimate and hedgerow growth. For the first time, the ecological control method of hedgerow disease which focused on ecological health maintenance was put forward.

Occurrence Regularity and Control Research of Apple Early Defoliation Disease in West Sichuan Plateau

[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.

Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer＇s disease

Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.

Preliminary Report on Species and Occurrence Regularity of Diseases,Pests and Weeds of Corn in Angola

[ Objective] The paper was to understand species of diseases, pests and weeds and their occurrence periods and dynamic changes of quantity during corn growing period in rainy and dry seasons in Angola. [ Method] Using systematic investigation method, the species and occurrence regularity of diseases, pests and weeds of corn in Pedras Negras farm （ Malanje）, Sanza Pombo farm （Uige） and Catete farm （Luanda） in the Mrican continent, the Republic of Angola, were studied in two dry seasons and a rainy season from 2011 to 2012. [ Result] The occurrence status of pests and diseases of corn during dry and rainy seasons were basically similar, and only individual diseases and pests had different incidence degrees. The corn varieties from the United States and Brazil had prominent advan- tages in resistance to diseases and barren. Due to different climate environments in dry and rainy seasons, the unearthed rate of weeds in fields was also different. Soil moisture had great impact on weed population and density. Soil layer depth greatly influenced unearthed speed and unearthed rate of weeds. [ Conclusion ] The study cleared species, occurrence period and harmful levels of pests, diseases and weeds of corn in three provinces of Angola.

Occurrence Regularity of Fruit Physiological Disease Spongy Tissue in Zihua Mango(Mangifera indica L.)

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the occurrence regularity of fruit physiological disease spongy tissue in Zihua mango （Mangifera indica L. ）. [ Meth. od] Main features of disease symptoms of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue were investigated from 2002 to 2005 ,and the correlation between the incidence of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue and its external factors （ fruit maturity, fruit size and fruit yield per plant） was analyzed comprehensively. [Result] The main features of disease symptoms appeared depressed cavity in the middle or lower part of fruit, forming spongy-like cavity. Immature fruits basically had no incidence. The dis- ease began to appear before 10 d of maturity. The disease incidence rate had extremely positive correlation with fruit weight, fruit vertical diameter or cross diame- ter. [ Conclusion] The research provides reference for field diagnoses, identification, preharvest and postharvest uninjurous test of fruit physiological disease suonaw tissue.

Harnessing the potential of gene editing technology using CRISPR in inflammatory bowel disease

The molecular scalpel of clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9(CRISPR/Cas9) technology may be sharp enough to begin cutting the genes implicated in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and consequently decrease the 6.3 billion dollar annual financial healthcare burden in the treatment of IBD. For the past few years CRISPR technology has drastically revolutionized DNA engineering and biomedical research field. We are beginning to see its application in gene manipulation of sickle cell disease,human immunodeficiency virus resistant embryologic twin gene modification and IBD genes such as Gatm(Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial),nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2, KRT12 and other genes implicated in adaptive immune convergence pathways have been subjected to gene editing, however there are very few publications. Furthermore,since Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have shared disease susceptibility and share genetic gene profile, it is paramount and is more advantageous to use CRISPR technology to maximize impact. Although, currently CRISPR does have its limitations due to limited number of specific Cas enzymes, off-target activity,protospacer adjacent motifs and crossfire between different target sites. However,these limitations have given researchers further insight on how to augment and manipulate enzymes to enable precise gene excision and limit crossfire between target sites.

Integrated Prevention and Control Technology for Coffee Leaf Rust in Yunnan Province

This paper investigates the damage symptoms and occurrence regularity related to coffee leaf rust,and proposes a comprehensive prevention and control strategy grounded in the principle of prioritizing prevention and implementing integrated prevention and control.This strategy encompasses the cultivation of rust-resistant varieties,the implementation of agricultural practices,the application of chemical interventions,the utilization of hyperparasitic fungi,and the protection and utilization of natural enemies.The paper further outlines the necessary requirements for effective prevention and control,emphasizing the importance of enhancing responsibility implementation,fostering systematic prevention and control measures,enhancing guidance services,and increasing publicity and guidance.The aim is to offer technical guidance for the integrated prevention and control of coffee leaf rust in Yunnan Province.

The Control Research Progress of Liberobacter asiaticum in Taizhou City

After decades of researches and discussions on occurrence regularity and control technology of citrus psyl id （Diaphorina citri Kuwayana） and Liberobacter asi-aticum, the occurrence regularity and sampling technique of citrus psyl id in orange forests in Taizhou was defined and the connections between the infection rate and carrying rate of citrus psyl id and Liberobacter asiaticum as wel as the correlations between the Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus yield loss were discussed. This paper discussed the warnings of Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus psylid control index, the economic life span of orange forests was then predicted by building the diseases spreading models with different management styles. At last, the paper put forward the comprehensive prevention and control technology and the concept that Liber-obacter asiaticum was preventable and control able.

Brain Functional Networks with Dynamic Hypergraph Manifold Regularization for Classification of End-Stage Renal Disease Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment

The structure and function of brain networks have been altered in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Manifold regularization(MR)only considers the pairing relationship between two brain regions and cannot represent functional interactions or higher-order relationships between multiple brain regions.To solve this issue,we developed a method to construct a dynamic brain functional network(DBFN)based on dynamic hypergraph MR(DHMR)and applied it to the classification of ESRD associated with mild cognitive impairment(ESRDaMCI).The construction of DBFN with Pearson’s correlation(PC)was transformed into an optimization model.Node convolution and hyperedge convolution superposition were adopted to dynamically modify the hypergraph structure,and then got the dynamic hypergraph to form the manifold regular terms of the dynamic hypergraph.The DHMR and L_(1) norm regularization were introduced into the PC-based optimization model to obtain the final DHMR-based DBFN(DDBFN).Experiment results demonstrated the validity of the DDBFN method by comparing the classification results with several related brain functional network construction methods.Our work not only improves better classification performance but also reveals the discriminative regions of ESRDaMCI,providing a reference for clinical research and auxiliary diagnosis of concomitant cognitive impairments.

Progress and prospects of engineered sequence-specific DNA modulating technologies for the management of liver diseases

Liver diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The hepatic illnesses, which include inherited metabolic disorders, hemophilias and viralhepatitides, are complex and currently difficult to treat. The maturation of gene therapy has heralded new avenues for developing effective intervention for these diseases. DNA modification using gene therapy is now possible and available technology may be exploited to achieve long term therapeutic benefit. The ability to edit DNA sequences specifically is of paramount importance to advance gene therapy for application to liver diseases. Recent development of technologies that allow for this has resulted in rapid advancement of gene therapy to treat several chronic illnesses. Improvements in application of derivatives of zinc finger proteins(ZFPs), transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs), homing endonucleases(HEs) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR) and CRISPR associated(Cas) systems have been particularly important. These sequence-specific technologies may be used to modify genes permanently and also to alter gene transcription for therapeutic purposes. This review describes progress in development of ZFPs, TALEs, HEs and CRISPR/Cas for application to treating liver diseases.

Neurologic orphan diseases:Emerging innovations and role for genetic treatments

Orphan diseases are rare diseases that affect less than 200000 individuals within the United States.Most orphan diseases are of neurologic and genetic origin.With the current advances in technology,more funding has been devoted to developing therapeutic agents for patients with these conditions.In our review,we highlight emerging options for patients with neurologic orphan diseases,specifically including diseases resulting in muscular deterioration,epilepsy,seizures,neurodegenerative movement disorders,inhibited cognitive development,neuron deterioration,and tumors.After extensive literature review,gene therapy offers a promising route for the treatment of neurologic orphan diseases.The use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 has demonstrated positive results in experiments investigating its role in several diseases.Additionally,the use of adeno-associated viral vectors has shown improvement in survival,motor function,and developmental milestones,while also demonstrating reversal of sensory ataxia and cardiomyopathy in Friedreich ataxia patients.Antisense oligonucleotides have also been used in some neurologic orphan diseases with positive outcomes.Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are currently being investigated and have reduced abnormal cell growth,proliferation,and angiogenesis.Emerging innovations and the role of genetic treatments open a new window of opportunity for the treatment of neurologic orphan diseases.

Study on Sweet Potato Stem Nematode Disease

The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sweet potato stem nematode disease were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were put forward, including plant quarantine, agricultural control and chemical control. The study provided certain basis for reducing damages of sweet potato stem nematode disease and improving yield and quality of sweet potato.

Research Advances in Stem Bleeding Disease of Cocos nucifera L.

Stem bleeding disease of coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)is an important disease in main coconut producing areas in China.This article reviews taxonomic status and biological characteristics of Ceratocystis paradoxa,as well as the occurrence regularity,pathogenic factors,propagation path and integrated control methods of stem bleeding disease of coconut.The main problems in the study of stem bleeding disease are summarized,and the future research directions are prospected.

Wilson病中医证候文献分析

目的探讨Wilson病(Wilson's disease,WD)中医证候分布规律,为WD中医证候规范化研究提供依据。方法从中国生物医学文献网络版数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库中检索1979—2010年间有关WD的中医药文献,对符合纳入标准的21篇文献中736例患者证候分布情况运用SPSS 19.0软件进行频数分析和聚类分析。结果 WD共出现13个中医证型,频数前4位依次为肝胆湿热、肝肾阴虚、肝风内动、痰湿阻络。聚类分析结果与中医证型频数分析略有差异。在证候要素上病变脏腑依次为肝、肾、胆、脾;病性要素依次为湿热、阴虚、内风、痰湿。结论肝胆湿热、肝肾阴虚、肝风内动、痰湿阻络是WD的基本证候类型,其中肝胆湿热最为常见。实证的证候要素以湿热、痰浊为主,虚证的证候要素以阴虚、内风为主。

A Comparative Study of The Regular Pattern of Syndrome and Treatment of Lung-intestine Related Diseases in Ancient and Modern Medical Cases Based on Data Mining

Objective: To analyze the similarities and differences of the applications of "the lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related"between the ancient and modern clinical practices, and to reveal the theory meaning.Method: Based on the ancient and modern medical cases database, 245 ancient medical records and 373 modern medical records were studied with the general statistical description and analysis of association rules, and the results were compared to summarize the similarities and differences of the regular pattern of syndrome and treatment on lung-large intestine related diseases in ancient and modern medical records.Results: In modern medical cases, intestinal diseases appeared with the main symptom of constipation due to deficiency of lung qi and qi stagnation of large intestine were always treated by purgation together with replenishing and restoring lung qi. In ancient medical cases, large intestine heat was always caused by lung heat and a variety of diarrhea symptoms appeared. They were always treated by clearing heat and moistening lungs. In addition, the symptom of bound stool caused by qi stagnation of large intestine due to lung qi stagnation was always treated by lowering lung qi to regulate and smooth large intestine qi. And Armeniae Amarum Semen was used by both as a core medicinal herb.Conclusion: Ascending-descending of qi movement is the core of the lung and large intestine relationship. In other words, the lung and the large intestine communicate through qi.

Hybrid generative regressionbased deep intelligence to predict the risk of chronic disease

Purpose-Chronic diseases are considered as one of the serious concerns and threats to public health across the globe.Diseases such as chronic diabetes mellitus(CDM),cardio vasculardisease(CVD)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are major chronic diseases responsible for millions of death.Each of these diseases is considered as a risk factor for the other two diseases.Therefore,noteworthy attention is being paid to reduce the risk of these diseases.Agigantic amount of medical data is generated in digital form from smart healthcare appliances in the current era.Although numerous machine learning(ML)algorithms are proposed for the early prediction of chronic diseases,these algorithmic models are neither generalized nor adaptive when the model is imposed on new disease datasets.Hence,these algorithms have to process a huge amount of disease data iteratively until the model converges.This limitation may make it difficult forMLmodels to fit and produce imprecise results.A single algorithm may not yield accurate results.Nonetheless,an ensemble of classifiers built from multiple models,that works based on a voting principle has been successfully applied to solve many classification tasks.The purpose of this paper is to make early prediction of chronic diseases using hybrid generative regression based deep intelligence network(HGRDIN)model.Design/methodology/approach-In the proposed paper generative regression(GR)model is used in combination with deep neural network(DNN)for the early prediction of chronic disease.The GR model will obtain prior knowledge about the labelled data by analyzing the correlation between features and class labels.Hence,the weight assignment process of DNN is influenced by the relationship between attributes rather than random assignment.The knowledge obtained through these processes is passed as input to the DNN network for further prediction.Since the inference about the input data instances is drawn at the DNN through the GR model,the model is named as hybrid generative regression-based deep intelligence network(HGRDIN).Findings-The credibility of the implemented approach is rigorously validated using various parameters such as accuracy,precision,recall,F score and area under the curve(AUC)score.During the training phase,the proposed algorithm is constantly regularized using the elastic net regularization technique and also hypertuned using the various parameters such as momentum and learning rate to minimize the misprediction rate.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach predicted the chronic disease with a minimal error by avoiding the possible overfitting and local minima problems.The result obtained with the proposed approach is also compared with the various traditional approaches.Research limitations/implications-Usually,the diagnostic data are multi-dimension in nature where the performance of the ML algorithm will degrade due to the data overfitting,curse of dimensionality issues.The result obtained through the experiment has achieved an average accuracy of 95%.Hence,analysis can be made further to improve predictive accuracy by overcoming the curse of dimensionality issues.Practical implications-The proposedML model can mimic the behavior of the doctor’s brain.These algorithms have the capability to replace clinical tasks.The accurate result obtained through the innovative algorithms can free the physician from the mundane care and practices so that the physician can focus more on the complex issues.Social implications-Utilizing the proposed predictive model at the decision-making level for the early prediction of the disease is considered as a promising change towards the healthcare sector.The global burden of chronic disease can be reduced at an exceptional level through these approaches.Originality/value-In the proposed HGRDIN model,the concept of transfer learning approach is used where the knowledge acquired through the GR process is applied on DNN that identified the possible relationship between the dependent and independent feature variables by mapping the chronic data instances to its corresponding target class before it is being passed as input to the DNN network.Hence,the result of the experiments illustrated that the proposed approach obtained superior performance in terms of various validation parameters than the existing conventional techniques.

基于数据挖掘方法探讨脾胃名家李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病规律

目的基于数据挖掘技术探讨李德新教授治疗虚劳疾病的用药规律。方法收集、整理李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的病例,运用频数、频率、聚类分析、关联分析等方法对病例中的证型诊断和处方用药进行统计分析和数据挖掘,归纳整理后对医案数据进行科学计算。结果共纳入治疗标准医案虚劳741例,挖掘出与疾病相对应的高频症状、高频证型、高频中药,并对中药进行聚类分析得到有效配伍,同时进行症状、证型与相关中药的关联分析。结论利用数据挖掘技术,可初步揭示李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的规律,从虚劳论治,培补虚劳对于疾病的治疗具有重要意义,有助于更好地传承李德新教授的学术思想,具有较高的临床参考和学习价值。

云南木薯藻斑病危害及发生规律调查研究

近年来,藻斑病已经成为云南地区木薯生产中的重要病害。为明确当地木薯藻斑病危害情况并初步阐明其流行规律,对云南省保山市木薯藻斑病田间危害进行了系统调查,并对病情指数和主要气候因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明,126份木薯种质均受藻斑病危害,‘华南124’‘南植188’‘南植199’等主栽品种均受害,病情指数均在30以上。病害流行规律研究结果得出藻斑病可于8月中下旬开始发生,流行高峰期在11月下旬或12月上旬,对藻斑病病情指数与病害流行月均温度、日均温差、湿度进行相关性分析,得到回归方程式Y=38.6096-2.1033 X_(1)-0.5175 X_(2)+0.325 X_(3),表明月均温度、日均温差和湿度是影响藻斑病病害流行的主要因素,且与月均温度和日均温差成负相关,与湿度成正相关。

香蕉黑星病研究现状及展望

由叶点霉属(Phyllosticta)多个种引起的香蕉黑星病是香蕉产区常见的叶部和果实病害之一。受害叶片及果实表面出现褐色或黑色斑,可致叶片早衰,果实外观品质变劣,耐贮性及商品价值下降,造成严重经济损失。本文基于国内外香蕉黑星病研究报道,概述了香蕉黑星病症状、分布与为害、病原菌及其生物学特性、流行规律、检测技术与防治方法等研究现状,并对存在问题及研究趋势进行了展望,以期为我国香蕉黑星病相关研究及防治提供参考。

柑橘黑点病研究进展

柑橘黑点病是由柑橘间座壳菌(Diaporthe citri)引起的一种重要柑橘病害,在全球柑橘主产区均有发生,主要危害叶片、枝梢和果实,严重影响柑橘的品质和鲜销商品价值。柑橘间座壳菌可以侵染所有当前栽培的柑橘品种,其中以葡萄柚和柠檬最易感病。喷施代森锰锌和铜制剂等杀菌剂是防控柑橘黑点病的重要方法,但柑橘间座壳菌在自然条件下有性生殖频繁,具有丰富的遗传多样性,需加强监测柑橘间座壳菌种群对代森锰锌等药剂的敏感性变化。近年来,关于柑橘间座壳菌的基因组信息、快速检测技术、遗传分化、致病机制以及防治方法等方面的研究取得较为显著的进展。就国内外近年来柑橘黑点病的危害症状与分布、病原种类、遗传多样性、生物学特性、侵染过程、致病机制、发生规律以及防治方法等方面的最新研究进展进行综述,并对柑橘黑点病的未来重点研究方向进行展望,以期为柑橘黑点病的防控策略提供科学依据。