Buckling Optimization of Curved Grid Stiffeners through the Level Set Based Density Method

Stiffened structures have great potential for improvingmechanical performance,and the study of their stability is of great interest.In this paper,the optimization of the critical buckling load factor for curved grid stiffeners is solved by using the level set based density method,where the shape and cross section(including thickness and width)of the stiffeners can be optimized simultaneously.The grid stiffeners are a combination ofmany single stiffenerswhich are projected by the corresponding level set functions.The thickness and width of each stiffener are designed to be independent variables in the projection applied to each level set function.Besides,the path of each single stiffener is described by the zero iso-contour of the level set function.All the single stiffeners are combined together by using the p-norm method to obtain the stiffener grid.The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples to optimize the critical buckling load factor.

Base level changes based on Basin Filling Modelling:a case study from the Paleocene Lishui Sag,East China Sea Basin

Estimation of base level changes in geological records is an important topic for petroleum geologists.Taking the Paleocene Upper Lingfeng Member of Lishui Sag as an example,this paper conducted a base level reconstruction based on Basin Filling Modelling(BFM).The reconstruction was processed on the ground of a previously interpreted seismic stratigraphic framework with several assumptions and simplification.The BFM is implemented with a nonlinear diffusion equation solver written in R coding that excels in shallow marine stratigraphic simulation.The modeled results fit the original stratigraphy very well.The BFM is a powerful tool for reconstructing the base level,and is an effective way to check the reasonableness of previous interpretations.Although simulation solutions may not be unique,the BFM still provides us a chance to gain some insights into the mechanism and dynamic details of the stratigraphy of sedimentary basins.

Analysis of sea level changes in the Caspian Sea related to Cosmo-geophysical processes based on satellite and terrestrial data

Analysis results of the average annual sea levels in the Caspian Sea obtained from ground and satellite observations, corresponding to solar activity characteristics, magnetic field data, and length of day are presented. Spectra of the indicated processes were investigated and their approximation models were also built. Previously assumed statistical relationships between space-geophysical processes and Caspian Sea level(CSL) changes were confirmed. A close connection was revealed between the low-frequency models of the solar and geomagnetic activity parameters and the CSL changes. Predictions extending into the next decades showed a high probability of an increase in the CSL and a decrease of the compared space-geophysical parameters.

On the Accuracy Assessment of the Latest Releases of GOCE Satellite-Based Geopotential Models with EGM2008 and Terrestrial GPS/Levelling and Gravity Data over Egypt

The Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) of GOCE (Gravity Recovery and steady- state Ocean Circulation Explorer) differ globally as well as regionally in their accuracy and resolution based on the maximum degree and order (d/o) of the fully normalized spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients, which express each GGM. The main idea of this study is to compare the free-air gravity anomalies and quasi geoid heights determined from several recent GOCE-based GGMs with the corresponding ones from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) over Egypt on the one hand and with ground-based measurements on the other hand. The results regarding to the comparison of GOCE-based GGMs with terrestrial gravity and GPS/levelling data provide better improvement with respect to EGM2008. The 4th release GOCE-based GGM developed with the use of space-wise solution strategy (SPW_R4) approximates the gravity field well over the Egyptian region. The SPW_R4 model is accordingly suggested as a reference model for recovering the long wavelength (up to SH d/o 200) components of quasi geoid heights when modelling the gravimetric quasi-geoid over the Egypt. Finally, three types of transformation models: Four-, Five- and Seven-parameter transformations have been applied to reduce the data biases and to provide a better fitting of quasi geoid heights obtained from the studied GOCE-based GGMs to those from GPS/levelling data. These models reveal that the standard deviation of vertical datum over Egypt is at the level of about 32 cm.

Structural Topology Design of Container Ship Based on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Level Set Method

Knowledge-Based Engineering （KBE） is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method （RDM） and Interpolation Design Method （IDM） are generated. The corresponding Finite Element （FE） models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process （GP） is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method （LSM） which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.

Energy Estimation and Optimization Platform for 4G and the Future Base Station System Early-Stage Design

There are already several power models to estimate the power consumption of base stations at system level. However, there is so far no model that can predict power consumption of the future base station designs based on algorithms and hardware selections with insufficient physical information. We present such an energy model for typical base stations. This model can help designers in estimating, evaluating and optimizing energy/power consumption of candidate designs in early design stages. The proposed model is verified by an LTE extreme scenario. The estimated results show that digital front-end, channel equalization and channel decoding are three major power greedy modules(consuming 39.4%, 16.3%, 13.4%) in a digital baseband subsystem. The power estimation error of the proposed power amplifier(PA) power model is 3.5%(macro cell). The major contribution of this paper is that the proposed models can rapidly estimate energy/power consumption of 4G and the future base stations(such as 5G) in early design stages with well acceptable precision, even without sufficient implementation information.

A precise tidal prediction mechanism based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system model

An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variation of the tidal level is a time-varying process. The time-varying factors including interference from the external environment that cause the change of tides are fairly complicated. Furthermore, tidal variations are affected not only by periodic movement of celestial bodies but also by time-varying interference from the external environment. Consequently, for the efficient and precise tidal level prediction, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid technology based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system（ANFIS）model is utilized to construct a precise tidal level prediction system, which takes both advantages of the harmonic analysis method and the ANFIS network. The proposed prediction model is composed of two modules： the astronomical tide module caused by celestial bodies’ movement and the non-astronomical tide module caused by various meteorological and other environmental factors. To generate a fuzzy inference system（FIS） structure,three approaches which include grid partition（GP）, fuzzy c-means（FCM） and sub-clustering（SC） are used in the ANFIS network constructing process. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal ANFIS based prediction model, large numbers of simulation experiments are implemented for each FIS generating approach. In this tidal prediction study, the optimal ANFIS model is used to predict the non-astronomical tide module, while the conventional harmonic analysis model is used to predict the astronomical tide module. The final prediction result is performed by combining the estimation outputs of the harmonious analysis model and the optimal ANFIS model. To demonstrate the applicability and capability of the proposed novel prediction model, measured tidal level samples of Fort Pulaski tidal station are selected as the testing database. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed prediction approach can achieve precise predictions for the tidal level with high accuracy, satisfactory convergence and stability.

Saturable Absorption Enchantment of Au Nanorods Based on Energy Transfer between Longitudinal and Transverse Energy Levels

Four kinds of Au nanorods（NRs）with different aspect ratios are designed to adjust the relationship between resonance energy level of longitudinal（L）and transverse（T）modes.During the femto-second Z-scan experiments,huge saturable absorption phenomena are observed while the energy level T is located between one to two times of the energylevel L.This means that the energy may transfer between longitudinal and transverse energylevels in the same and/or different Au NRs.It effectively depresses the production of revised saturated absorption and increases the saturable absorption efficiency.This method is significant for the preparation of high-efficiency saturable absorption devices.

Synthesis of Ti₃SiC₂-Bicarbide Based Ceramic by Electro-Thermal Explosion

A polycrystalline dense Ti3SiC2 based ceramic material has been produced by several techniques. The effect of addition of TiC and SiC is also studied. The Ti3SiC2 material shows extraordinary electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it shows a damage tolerance capability and oxidation resistance. In this work, we have synthesized Ti3SiC2 by electro-thermal explosion chemical reaction (ETE) with high current density (900 Amperes/a.u) followed by uniaxial pressure. The structural properties of the as-prepared materials are studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The chemical cartography, imaging and electronic properties are investigated using Ultra-STEM and electron high energy loss resolution spectroscopy (EELS) techniques, respectively. The surface of Ti3SiC2 is characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High resolution C 1s, Si 2p, Ti 2p, Ti 3s core level spectra are explained in terms of crystallographic and electronic structure. Valence band spectrum is performed to confirm the validity of the theoretical calculations.

Malicious Node Detection Using Confidence Level Evaluation in a Grid-Based Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we present a malicious node detection scheme using confidence-level evaluation in a grid-based wireless sensor network. The sensor field is divided into square grids, where sensor nodes in each grid form a cluster with a cluster head. Each cluster head maintains the confidence levels of its member nodes based on their readings and reflects them in decision-making. Two thresholds are used to distinguish between false alarms due to malicious nodes and events. In addition, the center of an event region is estimated, if necessary, to enhance the event and malicious node detection accuracy. Experimental results show that the scheme can achieve high malicious node detection accuracy without sacrificing normal sensor nodes.

Shift Invariance Level Comparison of Several Contourlet Transforms and Their Texture Image Retrieval Systems

In this paper, we proposed a metric to measure the shift invariance of the three different contourlet transforms. And then, using the same structure texture image retrieval system which use subband coefficients energy, standard deviation and kurtosis features with Canberra distance, we gave a comparison of their texture description abilities. Experimental results show that contourlet-2.3 texture image retrieval system has almost retrieval rates with non-sub sampled contourlet system;the two systems have better retrieval results than the original contourlet retrieval system. On the other hand, for the relatively lower redundancy, we recommend using contourlet- 2.3 as texture description transform.

METHOD OF HIGH-LEVEL TECHNOLOGY MAPPING BASED ON KNOWLEDGE(RULE)

This paper studies the linkage problem between the result of high-level synthesis and back-end technology, presents a method of high-level technology mapping based on knowl edge, and studies deeply all of its important links such as knowledge representation, knowledge utility and knowledge acquisition. It includes: (1) present a kind of expanded production about knowledge of circuit structure; (2) present a VHDL-based method to acquire knowledge of tech nology mapping; (3) provide solution control strategy and algorithm of knowledge utility; (4)present a half-automatic maintenance method, which can find redundance and contradiction of knowledge base; (5) present a practical method to embed the algorithm into knowledge system to decrease complexity of knowledge base. A system has been developed and linked with three kinds of technologies, so verified the work of this paper.

3D Surface Editing Based on Level-Sets

A novel method which integrates the topological flexibility of the level-set approach and the simplicity of point-sampled surfaces is proposed. The grid structure resulted from the level-set approach not only offers a wide range of powerful surface editing techniques for the point set surface editing, but also facilitates the topological change with ease. With the aid of point-based resampling, the method updates the surface shape of the point-based geometry quickly without worrying about point connectivity at all. The point set surface can also change its topology properly whenever a collision with other parts of itself is detected. The experiment demonstrates their effectiveness on several scanned objects and scan-converted models. Four examples of surface editing operations： smoothing, tapering, deforming, and Boolean operations, are presented.

Regional Evaluation of GOCE-Based GGMs with Ground-Based Gravity and GPS/Levelling Data over Egypt

The gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) satellite mission has provided numerous Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) with different processing methodologies and model accuracies. In the current contribution, the latest releases of GOCE-based GGMs are evaluated on the regional scale using the available terrestrial GPS/Levelling and gravity data collected over Egypt. To overcome the spectral inconsistency between the GOCE-based GGMs and the ground-based data, the spectral enhancement method (SEM) is applied. Five of GOCE-based GGMs have been used, namely GOSG01S, IGGT_R1, IfE_GOCE05s_ GO_CONS_GCF_2_SPW_R5 (SPW_R5 in the following) and NULP-02. The evaluation process of GOCE-based GGMs with the available ground data over Egypt considering the SEM method shows remarkable improvements obtained from the SPW_R5 model. The model provides lower differences of the standard deviations with respect to the EGM2008 and the other applied geopotential gravity models as well as the applied ground-based gravity and GPS/Levelling data. The findings regarding the ground-based data show obvious reductions of about 15.16% and 32.22% achieved by the GOCE-based model in term of standard deviations differences of gravity anomalies and geoid heights, respectively. Therefore, the SPW_R5 model is recommended to be applied as a reference model for compensating the long-to-short wavelength (up to spherical harmonics degree/order 280) components when modelling the gravimetric geoid over Egypt.

Building National Level Human Rights Bases and Popularization Centers

Building national human rights education and train- ing bases is part of China＇s human rights development,which shows the strong will of the Chinese government for promoting human fights and strengthening hu- man rights protection. Such an action is not only a practical measure for implementing international human fights action plans, but also a practice of the Chinese government in re- specting and implementing relevant international obligations set by the United Nations.

Base-level Chang and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lishu Fault Lacustrine Basin

Base-level is a kind of surface which controls sedimentation and erosion. So, it can be concluded that it is base-level change that controls the formation and internal structure of a sequence. A single cycle of base-level change can generate four sets of different stacking patterns. They are two sets of aggradation, one progradation and one retrogradation, which affects the features of the internal structure of a sequence. Lishu fault subsidence of Songliao basin is a typical half-graben lacustrine basin. Comprehensive base-level change analysis indicates that six base-level cycles and their related six sequences can be recognized between T 4 and T 5 seismic reflection surface. The contemporaneous fault is the main controlling factor of the fault lacustrine basin. There are obvious differences exist in the composition of sedimentary systems and all systems tracts between its steep slope (the side that basin control fault existed) and flat slope. Except highstand systems tract is composed of fan delta-lacustrine system, lowstand systems tract, transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract are all made up of fan delta-underwater fan-lacustrine sedimentary systems in the side of steep slope.

Evaluation study on properties of a macroporous silica-based CMPO extraction resin to be used forminor actinides separation from high level liquid waste

Basic properties of a silica-based octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl-methylphosphine oxide (CMPO) extraction resin (CMPO/SiO2-P) was investigated.Adsorption behavior for some rare earth elements (RE) which are constituents of high level liquid waste (HLLW) and the long-term stability of the extraction resin in nitric acid solution were examined.The CMPO extraction resin was significantly stable in 3 mol·L?1 HNO3 solution at 50oC.Furthermore,the RE(III) were efficiently separated from non-adsorptive fission product (FP) elements such as Sr(II) in a column experiment using a highly nitric acid solution.The separation behaviors of the elements are considered to result from the difference in their adsorption and elution selectivity based on the complex formation with CMPO.There was no strong dependency of RE(III) separation efficiency on feed solution flow rate.Only from the perspectives of the acid-resistant behavior of CMPO extraction resin and the elution kinetics for the metal ions with the extraction resin,the CMPO extraction resin can be used in the modified MAREC process for HLLW partitioning.

基于分子水平模型生成催化重整Delta-Base数据

采用信息熵最大化理论和重整原料部分物性相结合的方法,研究了在生成Delta-Base数据过程中重整原料分子层面上的变化。模型计算过程中以信息熵最大化为目标,以重整原料的相对分子质量、H/C比、PIONA组成、密度以及芳烃潜含量作为约束条件,并以遗传算法作为优化方法进行模型求解,从分子层面计算两种不同芳烃潜含量重整原料的Delta-Base数据。结果显示,随着原料芳烃潜含量的增加,产品中芳烃含量也增加,可以利用分子水平机理模型生成Delta-Base数据。