In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes ...In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes and eleven second-level indexes.The corresponding weights of indexes were determined by the objective weighting method.The scores of all the descriptions of the indexes were also assigned.After a trial test,this assessment scale was verified to be reliable and valid for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers.展开更多
为探究一步法基因组最佳线性无偏预测(SSGBLUP)法应用于内蒙古绒山羊育种的选择效果,本研究基于课题组前期积累的健康状况良好的内蒙古绒山羊(阿尔巴斯型)2256只个体的70 K SNP芯片测序数据,收集整理1至8岁个体的绒毛性状(绒长、绒细和...为探究一步法基因组最佳线性无偏预测(SSGBLUP)法应用于内蒙古绒山羊育种的选择效果,本研究基于课题组前期积累的健康状况良好的内蒙古绒山羊(阿尔巴斯型)2256只个体的70 K SNP芯片测序数据,收集整理1至8岁个体的绒毛性状(绒长、绒细和产绒量)生产性能数据和系谱记录,通过设定SSGBLUP法中H逆矩阵的不同矩阵参数(ω,τ)进行基因组育种值估计,并利用五倍交叉验证法评价基因组育种值估计的准确性。结果表明:随着ω的不断增加,SSGBLUP法用于内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的基因组育种值估计准确性越高。结合ABLUP和GBLUP的遗传参数估计结果可知,当τ为0.3、ω为0.9时,内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的基因组选择准确性较好。其中,绒长的准确性为0.7028,绒细准确性为0.6682,产绒量准确性为0.7131。对SSGBLUP方法的H矩阵选择合适的尺度参数可提高内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状基因组育种值估计的准确性,加快种群的遗传改良,缩短世代间隔。展开更多
Characterizing trait variation across different ecological scales in plant communities has been viewed as a way to gain insights into the mechanisms driving species coexistence.However,little is known about how change...Characterizing trait variation across different ecological scales in plant communities has been viewed as a way to gain insights into the mechanisms driving species coexistence.However,little is known about how changes in intraspecific and interspecific traits across sites influence species richness and community assembly,especially in understory herbaceous communities.Here we partitioned the variance of four functional traits(maximum height,leaf thickness,leaf area and specific leaf area)across four nested biological scales:individual,species,plot,and elevation to quantify the scale-dependent distributions of understory herbaceous trait variance.We also integrated the comparison of the trait variance ratios to null models to investigate the effects of different ecological processes on community assembly and functional diversity along a 1200-m elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain.We found interspecific trait variation was the main trait variation component for leaf traits,although intraspecific trait variation ranged from 10% to 28% of total variation.In particular,maximum height exhibited high plasticity,and intraspecific variation accounted for 44% of the total variation.Despite the fact that species composition varied across elevation and species richness decreased dramatically along the elevational gradient,there was little variance at our largest(elevation)scale in leaf traits and functional diversity remained constant along the elevational gradient,indicating that traits responded to smaller scale influences.External filtering was only observed at high elevations.However,strong internal filtering was detected along the entire elevational gradient in understory herbaceous communities,possibly due to competition.Our results provide evidence that species coexistence in understory herbaceous communities might be structured by differential niche-assembled processes.This approach ee integrating different biological scales of trait variation ee may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the structure of communities.展开更多
We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evalua...We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personne...Objective This study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personnel.Methods By cluster sampling,a total of 151 military rescuers and 331 control servicemen were administered the military personnel scene-trait coping style scale(MPSTCSS).Results All active coping factor scores,and passive coping factor scores of affection,health and economy in the rescuer group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The 21-above age subgroup,the3-year plus service subgroup,and the officer subgroup had significantly higher active coping factor scores on military tasks,military experience and personal development than those of the 21-below age subgroup,3-year minus service subgroup and the soldier subgroup,respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The earthquake relief servicemen can cope with stressful situations better than control group by taking active coping style.The officers,servicemen older than 21 years,and servicemen with more service duration than3 years could usually take active coping style.展开更多
Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover changes.Woody plants likely respond to natural and ant...Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover changes.Woody plants likely respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations due to historical events(e.g.,agricultural development),thus contemporary plant functional composition may be explained by historical woodland change,a type of land cover change.We propose that historical woodland changes may have legacy effects on contemporary plant functional composition.Here,we used partial least squares regression and linear mixed model analyses to test this assumption by coupling data on community weighted means(CWM)and community weighted variance(CWV)of vegetation plots and calculating the time of woodland existence across different periods from AD 0 to 2017.We found that the legacy effects of historical land cover changes on CWM and CWV during the existence time of woodland,particularly from AD 0 to 900,were drivers of contemporary plant functional composition at large spatial scales.Furthermore,historical woodland changes can affect contemporary plant functional composition,depending on the biome type.Particularly,the CWM of plant height,seed mass,and seed length showed the strongest correlations with woodland changes from AD 1910 to 2010 in tropics with year-round rain,and the CWM of leaf traits correlated with woodland changes from AD 0 to 1700 in tropics with summer rain.Our study provides the effective evidence on the legacy of historical woodland changes and the effects on contemporary plant functional composition,which is crucial with respect to effective management of plant diversity and assessing ecosystem functions and services from local to global scales over time.展开更多
【目的】秋眠是紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对晚秋生长环境变化的一种适应性反应,根系是紫花苜蓿越冬的主要功能器官,秋眠性与其越冬具重要关联,但对于如何通过根系性状的越冬特征来实现抗寒效应,仍不清楚。文章中从根系性状越冬反应的角...【目的】秋眠是紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对晚秋生长环境变化的一种适应性反应,根系是紫花苜蓿越冬的主要功能器官,秋眠性与其越冬具重要关联,但对于如何通过根系性状的越冬特征来实现抗寒效应,仍不清楚。文章中从根系性状越冬反应的角度,探究秋眠性对紫花苜蓿抗寒性的作用过程。【方法】采用11个标准秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种为材料,以紫花苜蓿在中国适宜分布区中较为寒冷的中温带地区为例,通过标准主轴分析(standardized major axis,SMA)等方法,研究不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿各根系性状在越冬过程的差异化响应及其异速生长关系,进一步采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)等方法,研究不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿通过根系策略来实现其抗寒效应的关键作用因子。【结果】(1)随着秋眠性的减弱(即秋眠级提高),越冬紫花苜蓿根颈直径和侧根数显著减小(P<0.05),秋眠性较强的紫花苜蓿具有增强储藏的表型特征,而主根直径、侧根直径等则随着秋眠性的减弱而显著趋于增大(P<0.05),侧根数量与侧根的其他特性表现一定的权衡关系(P<0.05);(2)受秋眠级的影响,根系性状之间表现显著的异速生长关系,主要表现在根颈入土深度、侧根位置、侧根数等性状之间,其异速生长斜率与1存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同根系性状在越冬期间对秋眠级具有不同的响应策略;(3)紫花苜蓿越冬率与秋眠级具有显著的负相关关系,但并非线性响应,而是呈现逻辑斯蒂曲线变化特征,1—5秋眠级趋于稳定在高越冬率水平(>95%),中间级别5—8级的越冬率逐渐急剧减小(50%—70%),9—11级在中高纬度难以越冬(<5%);(4)影响紫花苜蓿越冬率的正向贡献因子是根颈直径、侧根数(P<0.05),而主根直径、侧根直径等因子的提高反而降低了紫花苜蓿的抗寒性(P<0.05),根系直径等性状并非决定抗寒能力的主导因子。【结论】不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿的根系性状表现出对越冬低温胁迫的差异化响应特征,不同性状具有异速生长关系;紫花苜蓿主要通过增加根颈直径和侧根数来提高其抗寒性,并不取决于根系其他表型性状的绝对大小;越冬期间,不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿根系策略的适应性变化,是实现其抗寒效应的重要途径。展开更多
基金Introduce Talent Foundation of Wenzhou University(135010120719)College Students Innovative Entrepreneurial Training of Wenzhou University(JWSC2019023).
文摘In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes and eleven second-level indexes.The corresponding weights of indexes were determined by the objective weighting method.The scores of all the descriptions of the indexes were also assigned.After a trial test,this assessment scale was verified to be reliable and valid for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers.
文摘为探究一步法基因组最佳线性无偏预测(SSGBLUP)法应用于内蒙古绒山羊育种的选择效果,本研究基于课题组前期积累的健康状况良好的内蒙古绒山羊(阿尔巴斯型)2256只个体的70 K SNP芯片测序数据,收集整理1至8岁个体的绒毛性状(绒长、绒细和产绒量)生产性能数据和系谱记录,通过设定SSGBLUP法中H逆矩阵的不同矩阵参数(ω,τ)进行基因组育种值估计,并利用五倍交叉验证法评价基因组育种值估计的准确性。结果表明:随着ω的不断增加,SSGBLUP法用于内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的基因组育种值估计准确性越高。结合ABLUP和GBLUP的遗传参数估计结果可知,当τ为0.3、ω为0.9时,内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的基因组选择准确性较好。其中,绒长的准确性为0.7028,绒细准确性为0.6682,产绒量准确性为0.7131。对SSGBLUP方法的H矩阵选择合适的尺度参数可提高内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状基因组育种值估计的准确性,加快种群的遗传改良,缩短世代间隔。
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954100)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012FY110800)the Applied Fundamental Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (2014GA003)
文摘Characterizing trait variation across different ecological scales in plant communities has been viewed as a way to gain insights into the mechanisms driving species coexistence.However,little is known about how changes in intraspecific and interspecific traits across sites influence species richness and community assembly,especially in understory herbaceous communities.Here we partitioned the variance of four functional traits(maximum height,leaf thickness,leaf area and specific leaf area)across four nested biological scales:individual,species,plot,and elevation to quantify the scale-dependent distributions of understory herbaceous trait variance.We also integrated the comparison of the trait variance ratios to null models to investigate the effects of different ecological processes on community assembly and functional diversity along a 1200-m elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain.We found interspecific trait variation was the main trait variation component for leaf traits,although intraspecific trait variation ranged from 10% to 28% of total variation.In particular,maximum height exhibited high plasticity,and intraspecific variation accounted for 44% of the total variation.Despite the fact that species composition varied across elevation and species richness decreased dramatically along the elevational gradient,there was little variance at our largest(elevation)scale in leaf traits and functional diversity remained constant along the elevational gradient,indicating that traits responded to smaller scale influences.External filtering was only observed at high elevations.However,strong internal filtering was detected along the entire elevational gradient in understory herbaceous communities,possibly due to competition.Our results provide evidence that species coexistence in understory herbaceous communities might be structured by differential niche-assembled processes.This approach ee integrating different biological scales of trait variation ee may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the structure of communities.
文摘We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personnel.Methods By cluster sampling,a total of 151 military rescuers and 331 control servicemen were administered the military personnel scene-trait coping style scale(MPSTCSS).Results All active coping factor scores,and passive coping factor scores of affection,health and economy in the rescuer group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The 21-above age subgroup,the3-year plus service subgroup,and the officer subgroup had significantly higher active coping factor scores on military tasks,military experience and personal development than those of the 21-below age subgroup,3-year minus service subgroup and the soldier subgroup,respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The earthquake relief servicemen can cope with stressful situations better than control group by taking active coping style.The officers,servicemen older than 21 years,and servicemen with more service duration than3 years could usually take active coping style.
基金We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,32060385 and 31860668)the Project of Qinghai Science&Technology Department(2020-ZJ-733).
文摘Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover changes.Woody plants likely respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations due to historical events(e.g.,agricultural development),thus contemporary plant functional composition may be explained by historical woodland change,a type of land cover change.We propose that historical woodland changes may have legacy effects on contemporary plant functional composition.Here,we used partial least squares regression and linear mixed model analyses to test this assumption by coupling data on community weighted means(CWM)and community weighted variance(CWV)of vegetation plots and calculating the time of woodland existence across different periods from AD 0 to 2017.We found that the legacy effects of historical land cover changes on CWM and CWV during the existence time of woodland,particularly from AD 0 to 900,were drivers of contemporary plant functional composition at large spatial scales.Furthermore,historical woodland changes can affect contemporary plant functional composition,depending on the biome type.Particularly,the CWM of plant height,seed mass,and seed length showed the strongest correlations with woodland changes from AD 1910 to 2010 in tropics with year-round rain,and the CWM of leaf traits correlated with woodland changes from AD 0 to 1700 in tropics with summer rain.Our study provides the effective evidence on the legacy of historical woodland changes and the effects on contemporary plant functional composition,which is crucial with respect to effective management of plant diversity and assessing ecosystem functions and services from local to global scales over time.
文摘【目的】秋眠是紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对晚秋生长环境变化的一种适应性反应,根系是紫花苜蓿越冬的主要功能器官,秋眠性与其越冬具重要关联,但对于如何通过根系性状的越冬特征来实现抗寒效应,仍不清楚。文章中从根系性状越冬反应的角度,探究秋眠性对紫花苜蓿抗寒性的作用过程。【方法】采用11个标准秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种为材料,以紫花苜蓿在中国适宜分布区中较为寒冷的中温带地区为例,通过标准主轴分析(standardized major axis,SMA)等方法,研究不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿各根系性状在越冬过程的差异化响应及其异速生长关系,进一步采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)等方法,研究不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿通过根系策略来实现其抗寒效应的关键作用因子。【结果】(1)随着秋眠性的减弱(即秋眠级提高),越冬紫花苜蓿根颈直径和侧根数显著减小(P<0.05),秋眠性较强的紫花苜蓿具有增强储藏的表型特征,而主根直径、侧根直径等则随着秋眠性的减弱而显著趋于增大(P<0.05),侧根数量与侧根的其他特性表现一定的权衡关系(P<0.05);(2)受秋眠级的影响,根系性状之间表现显著的异速生长关系,主要表现在根颈入土深度、侧根位置、侧根数等性状之间,其异速生长斜率与1存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同根系性状在越冬期间对秋眠级具有不同的响应策略;(3)紫花苜蓿越冬率与秋眠级具有显著的负相关关系,但并非线性响应,而是呈现逻辑斯蒂曲线变化特征,1—5秋眠级趋于稳定在高越冬率水平(>95%),中间级别5—8级的越冬率逐渐急剧减小(50%—70%),9—11级在中高纬度难以越冬(<5%);(4)影响紫花苜蓿越冬率的正向贡献因子是根颈直径、侧根数(P<0.05),而主根直径、侧根直径等因子的提高反而降低了紫花苜蓿的抗寒性(P<0.05),根系直径等性状并非决定抗寒能力的主导因子。【结论】不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿的根系性状表现出对越冬低温胁迫的差异化响应特征,不同性状具有异速生长关系;紫花苜蓿主要通过增加根颈直径和侧根数来提高其抗寒性,并不取决于根系其他表型性状的绝对大小;越冬期间,不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿根系策略的适应性变化,是实现其抗寒效应的重要途径。
