Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

Many studies have been made concerning the problems, characteristics, formation, transformation measures, etc. of urban village from sociology, urban planning and geography, etc., which have made insightful analysis. However, most of these studies started mainly from the standpoint of the city govemment, drumming for the land- scape-oriented urbanization, namely pulling-down the urban village and constructing the splendid residence or business buildings. The article maintains that the most important thing the city government should do is to pay much attention to the sustainable living of urban villagers, who would lose their main income source, namely, the collective dividend and the family housing rent. The single method of compensation has been proved to be harmful to the villagers＇ community, in which some young villagers relying on rent were no longer to do anything but stay at home. On the other hand, considering the floating population has become the main stream of renters in urban villages, the emergence of urban villages was inevitable and would continue to exist in a long time under the socio-economic transition in urban China and globalization. Based on the analysis above, the transformation of urban village should take more concerns on the housing demands of floating population besides compensation for local villagers. Meanwhile, it is necessary to avoid the “landscape-oriented urbanization” without the “peasant-to-citizen” transformation.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

How to Draw on the Urban-rural Space Evolution Experience of Foreign Metropolis for Xi'an?

"Space" is the place where people take social and economic activities,as well as the carrier supporting any public life style and rights and acts.Urban and rural places are the two main parts that comprise the regional economic system,and only when they are developed harmoniously can the overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization come true.On basis of analyzing the experience and mechanism of urban and rural spaces of London,New York and Tokyo 3 typical international metropolitan area and learning from their development experience,the study has proposed development strategies for the integration of urban-rural space of Xi'an City according to its current development situation.

山东各地区输电线路基础型式选择分析

依据输电线路不同基础类型特性,采用全过程机械化施工方式,综合考虑山东地区地形地质,通过对不同地形(平原、丘陵、山地等)基础型式的选用进行技术经济对比,给出基础型式建议。对于平原地区,无水条件下,基础作用力在小于500kN和大于800kN时,推荐开挖基础;基础作用力在500~800kN时,推荐灌注桩基础;在基础作用力大于800kN,基础尺寸超过5.5m×5.5m(长×宽),埋深超过3.5m,考虑减少环水保破坏时,推荐灌注桩基础。在0m水地区,灌注桩基础更加符合环水保要求,推荐使用灌注桩基础。对于丘陵、山地地区,基础作用力小于260kN的普通土地区和软质岩地区土层覆盖大于5.0m时,推荐挖孔基础;基础作用力大于300kN的普通土地区和软质岩地区土层覆盖小于5.0m时,推荐岩石锚杆基础和挖孔基础。对于存在岩石地区,推荐开挖基础。对于山地硬质岩地区,根据岩性不同,推荐岩石锚杆基础、微型桩基础和挖孔基础。对于河网泥沼地区,推荐灌注桩基础。

Measuring the past 20 years of urban-rural land growth in flood-prone areas in the developed Taihu Lake watershed, China

There is growing interest in using the urban landscape for stormwater management studies, where land patterns and processes can be important controls for the sustainability of urban development and planning. This paper proposes an original index of Major Hazard Oriented Level （MHOL） and investigates the structure distribution, driving factors, and controlling suggestions of urban-rural land growth in flood-prone areas in the Taihu Lake watershed, China. The MHOL of incremental urban-rural land increased from M 31.51 during the years 1985-1995 to M 38.37 during the years 1995-2010 （M for medium structure distribution, and the number for high-hazard value）. The index shows that urban-rnraI land was distributed uniformly in flood hazard levels and tended to move rapidly to high-hazard areas, where 72.68% of incremental urban-rural land was aggregated maximally in new urban districts along the Huning traffic line and the Yangtze River. Thus, the current accelerating growth of new urban districts could account for the ampliative exposure to high-hazard areas. New districts are driven by the powerful link between land financial benefits and political achievements for local governments and the past unsustainable process of ＂single objective＂ oriented planning. The correlation categorical analysis of the current development intensity and carrying capacity of hydrological ecosystems for sub-basins was used to determine four types of development areas and provide decision makers with indications on the future watershed- scale subdivision of Major Function Oriented Zoning implemented by the Chinese government.

我国农牧交错区土地退化研究——以宁夏盐池县为例

从荒漠化发展历史角度出发,通过收集历史资料和固定样地观测,采用数学分析方法,利用马尔可夫链(Markov)模型和模糊模式识别方法对盐池荒漠化现状、动态变化以及荒漠化治理措施效益进行分析。结果表明:1)盐池县近半个世纪以来土地荒漠化呈急剧扩大趋势,荒漠化土地面积平均年增长率4.03％。2)盐池县荒漠化主要原因是在脆弱生态环境基础上,人为不合理经济活动所致。3)如果能做到严格执法,全面落实禁牧政策并加强防沙治沙工程管理,盐池县荒漠化土地将得到全面治理,否则盐池县荒漠化形势将继续恶化。认为能否全面落实禁牧和退耕还林政策,将直接影响盐池县荒漠化防治。

不同荒漠化治理措施对植物多样性及其土地肥力变化的影响

采用α-多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数Jsw和Js)和β-多样性指数(相似性系数Cs)研究宁夏盐池县草原群落在不同荒漠化治理措施(人工封育、退耕还林、撂荒地)固定样地植物多样性变化。对比2002和2003年不同类型固定样地植物多样性观测数据表明:到2003年,各实验样地的α-多样性指数均有不同程度的提高。β-多样性的研究结果同样表明:在不同治理措施实验样地的种类组成已经发生了一定的变化。此外,本文还进一步分析了引起植物多样性变化的主要原因。

宁夏盐池县不同荒漠化治理措施植物多样性研究

分析不同荒漠化治理措施下植物多样性变化 ,可以为制定防沙治沙对策和措施提供基础数据。采用α 多样性指数 (Shannon Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数Jsw和Js)和 β 多样性指数 (相似性系数Cs) ,研究宁夏盐池县草原群落在不同荒漠化治理措施 (人工封育、退耕还林、撂荒地 )固定样地植物多样性变化。对比 2 0 0 2和2 0 0 3年不同类型固定样地植物多样性观测数据表明 ,到 2 0 0 3年 ,各实验样地的α 多样性指数均有不同程度的提高 ;β 多样性的研究结果同样表明 ,不同治理措施实验样地的种类组成 ,已经发生了一定的变化。此外 。

城乡结合部土地利用问题及对策探讨

城乡结合部是一个特殊的微观经济地带 ,其用地类型复杂多样 ,随着我国经济的迅猛发展和城市化进程的加快 ,城乡结合部的经济发展很快 ,但其土地利用也出现了不少问题 ,尤其是耕地资源的浪费最为突出 ;本文以南京市城乡结合部为例 ,分析了城乡结合部土地利用的特征 ,土地利用问题产生的原因 ,在此基础上 ,针对这些问题提出了相应的对策 ,以期有助于城乡结合部土地的合理利用 .

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带和神木试区的环境背景及整治方向

黄土高原土壤侵蚀最强烈地区出现于年降水量为400mm左右的水蚀风蚀交错地带,本区气候变化剧烈,植被稀疏,土壤侵蚀全年进行,为典型的脆弱生态环境区。春季风蚀强烈,夏秋暴雨侵蚀频繁,两者交替进行,相互促进,年均侵蚀模数多在10000t/km^2以上,境内的晋陕蒙煤田开发区为强烈侵蚀的中心,又为黄河下游河床粗泥沙的主要来源区。鉴于治黄和煤田开发的紧迫需要,神木试区即设于该地区,建立该试区进行环境整治的试验示范研究具有广泛的实际指导意义。综合分析神木试区的优势和劣势。以小流域为单元,探讨工副业与农业相结合,生态效益与经济效益同步发展,农林牧副业生产走向商品化,走向市场的新途径。

退耕还林还草过程中不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸作用及其碳收支评估

采用动态密闭气室法对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区9种土地利用方式植物生长季节内(2010年6—10月)土壤呼吸速率及其主要影响因子进行测定,分析不同土地利用方式间土壤呼吸的差异性和土壤呼吸对温度、土壤水分、叶面积指数等因子的响应,对7种土地利用方式土壤碳收支进行了估算。结果表明,植物生长季节内,不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率呈多峰型变化趋势。裸地、农地、梯田农地、苜蓿地、撂荒地、长芒草地、荒草地、沙柳地、沙蒿地的土壤呼吸速率季节变化范围分别为0.18～1.05、0.30～2.08、0.50～1.71、0.53～2.78、0.26～1.08、0.39～1.93、0.30～2.27、0.43～1.43、0.39～1.26μmol·m-2·s-1。9种土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率均与气温和5、10、15cm地温呈显著相关(P<0.05)或极显著相关(P<0.01),而与0～6cm土壤水分相关性不显著。9种土地利用方式下地温对应的Q10值均表现为15cm地温>10cm地温>5cm地温。研究区域内土壤呼吸速率与其地上植被叶面积指数呈极显著线性相关关系(r=0.679,P<0.01)。

北方农牧交错带缓坡耕地土壤风蚀特征

研究采用野外观测手段对不同坡向和坡位的土壤风蚀特征进行测定和分析。结果表明:①缓坡耕地不同地形部位,风速随地形升高而增大,主要由于微地形作用,使南坡风速略高于北坡。②土壤风蚀量随风速变化呈现出指数函数变化趋势,风速增大则风蚀量也增大。③以坡顶为对称轴,北坡和南坡的风蚀量基本呈对称分布,北坡风蚀量占南坡风蚀量的88.6%;5个地形部位的风蚀量相比,最大值并非出现在坡顶部位。④坡中和坡底在0～6cm高度范围内,坡顶在0～8cm高度范围内,随高度和风速增加,风蚀量呈线性增大;在8～60cm高度范围内,风蚀量随高度增加呈现出负指数函数递减的规律,6cm<高度<20cm递减率较大,高度>20cm递减率较小。

呼伦贝尔林草交错区沙地樟子松林群落结构特征分析

通过对内蒙古呼伦贝尔林草交错区沙地樟子松林和沙地草原进行实地调查,选取沙地草原、活化沙地松林、火烧迹地松林、坡地松林和保护区内松林共5个样地,统计分析了各类型樟子松林群落结构特征。结果表明:受森林发育状况、人为干扰影响和林木密度等条件的影响,活化沙地樟子松林与其它3处受到良好保护的林地在树高、胸径、冠幅等各个群落结构指标都表现出显著差异,活化沙地樟子松林生长高度和树木粗细参差不齐,胸高树围变化范围较大,冠型呈伞形,林木密度远小于林分适宜密度,地面沙地活化裸露,草本层发育不良。其它3处位于山地森林区的沙地樟子松林,由于受到较好保护,3个样地的树木高生长良好,树高均高于活化沙地樟子松林,林木密度与各自林分适宜密度相差较小。该研究工作揭示了不同环境条件下沙地樟子松林群落发育特点,为加强林草交错区和草原区沙地保护与沙地治理,通过建植适宜的森林植被提高区域风沙防护功能、水土保持功能和提高绿色植被的碳汇功能提供了科学依据。

水蚀风蚀交错区典型人工林土壤水分亏缺特征

为充分了解水蚀风蚀交错区典型林地土壤水分差异性及其生态水文效应,选择陕西省延安市吴起县水蚀风蚀交错区长城镇退耕还林后形成的典型人工林(小叶杨、山杏、山桃、柠条、河北杨和沙棘林)为研究对象,采用烘干法测定土壤含水量,分析0~300 cm土层土壤水分季节变化特征、贮水量特征和土壤贮水亏缺程度。结果表明:在0~300 cm土层,6种林地土壤水分具有明显的垂直变异特征,即随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量先升高后降低;6种林地各土层的土壤含水量均具有明显的季节变化特征,且变异系数在表土层较大,随着深度的增加而减小;6种林地土壤水分活跃层存在一定的差异性;其中,沙棘林土壤水分活跃层最深(0~80 cm),其它林地相对较浅(20~40 cm);在0~100 cm土层,各林地土壤贮水量垂直变化趋势差异较大,且小叶杨、河北杨与沙棘林差异显著(P<0.05),沙棘各季节土壤贮水量随着土层深度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。不同植被类型土壤贮水亏缺度存在差异,土壤水分亏缺度在季节上表现为秋季>春季>夏季。

城乡交错区土地可持续利用及其评价指标体系研究

本文通过对可持续发展观及土地持续利用的简要阐述和对城乡交错区土地可持续利用迫切性的分析，提出了城乡交错区土地可持续利用的评价指标体系。

城乡交错带内耕地的保护问题及对策——以江宁县麒麟镇为例

城乡交错带内用地类型复杂多样，功能置换频繁，动态性较强，各种用地竞争激烈，直接对耕地的保护构成很大威胁，因此加强对该带内的耕地保护尤为重要．本文旨在以属于南京城乡交错带的江宁县麒麟镇为例，来探讨南京城乡交错带内耕地的保护问题及对策建议。