Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of T...Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design.Then,the physiochemical properties were evaluated,including hardness,friability,effervescent time and pH of the solution.At last,the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay.According to the results,the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%,disintegrating agent 43.80%(the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1),aspartame 1.86%,PEG-6003%,and mannitol in balance.With the wet granulation method,the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness,fast disintegration time,good color,pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity.This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs.展开更多
This study was carried out to characterize total residual catechins and their fractions, polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of black teas enriched with high levels of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate. The made...This study was carried out to characterize total residual catechins and their fractions, polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of black teas enriched with high levels of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate. The made teas were processed from eleven selected cultivars. A comparative study was carried out between the processed teas and those from commercially grown Kenyan cultivars in relation to the above chemical parameters. A correlation matrix analysis was also conducted to find out whether a relationship existed between the antioxidant activities and the said chemical parameters. The total residual catechins were found to range between 3.10% and 8.08%. The total polyphenol levels varied between 19.00% and 28.90%, while the antioxidant activities of the teas ranged from 82.70% to 91.70%. There was a significant p < 0.001 correlation between the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols (r = 0.8948). There was also a high correlation p < 0.001 between the antioxidant activity and total catechins (r = 0.8878). Out of the four catechin fractions, the antioxidant activity correlated most with EGCG (r = 0.8774). The total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities for most of the cultivars were comparable to those of the green tea reference standard. From the figures obtained, it can be concluded that the most of the newly developed black teas of the selected cultivars have higher quality and enhanced antioxidant activities and that they can be recommended for commercial production.展开更多
Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays important roles in metabolizing large molecular polyphenols to bioavailable and bioactive microbial metabolites.Theaflavin(TF)is one of the major color compounds...Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays important roles in metabolizing large molecular polyphenols to bioavailable and bioactive microbial metabolites.Theaflavin(TF)is one of the major color compounds in black tea and has demonstrated anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and anticancer effects properties.However,little is known about the metabolism of TF by gut microbiota in vivo.In this study,following the administration of TF to mice,the C-ring cleavage metabolites,dihydro-and tetrahydro-theaflavin(DH-TF and TH-TF)were detected in mouse feces by LC-MS and validated by authentic standards from in situ chemical reaction.The observation of the C-ring cleavage metabolites in TF-treated conventionalized mice but not in germ-free(GF)mice confirmed the role of gut microbiota in cleaving the C-rings of TF.The detection of DH-TF from the anaerobic incubation of TF with catechin-converting gut bacteria,Eggerthella lenta(Eggerth),suggested that the microbes with the capacity to cleave the C-ring of catechins were able to metabolize TF following the same mechanism.Additionally,three small phenolic metabolites were detected in mouse feces,and one of them was primarily detected in SPF mice not GF mice,which revealed that TF,subsequent to the cleaved C-ring,can be further metabolized into smaller phenolic metabolites by gut microbiota.Dose-dependent production of these metabolites were observed from the administration of 100 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight of TF.In conclusion,gut microbiota can metabolize TF to the open-ring metabolites and the phenolic metabolites through the C-ring cleavage in mice.展开更多
This study involved the selection of 11 cultivars out of 201 screened cultivars of fresh green and purple coloured tea leaves for use in the manufacture of black teas with optimized antioxidant activities. Individual ...This study involved the selection of 11 cultivars out of 201 screened cultivars of fresh green and purple coloured tea leaves for use in the manufacture of black teas with optimized antioxidant activities. Individual cultivars containing a combination of high leaf concentrations of the catechin fractions;epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were used in the processing of theaflavin-3,3’ digallate (TF3) rich black tea. The black tea enrichment with TF3 was carried out through optimization of the processing conditions of each cultivar by varying the aeration times between 0 min and 80 min at an interval of 20 min. The differently processed teas were then assayed for the TF3 contents. The data analysis was carried out using the GENSTAT at p ≤ 0.05. The optimal processing time for Ejulu, TRFK 832/8, TRFK 831/11, TRFK 824/1, SC 31/37, SC 12/28, K-Purple and TRFK 6/8 was found to be 60 min while that of TRFK 301/6, TRFK 301/3 and TRFK 655/1 was 40 min. The optimal TF3 levels were found to range from 0.19% to 0.60%.展开更多
Theaflavin(TF) was extracted and purified from black broken tea. The purified TF possessed an absorption peak at the 363nm wavelength, and the solutions of TF remained stable under the conditions of pH3-6, below 80℃ ...Theaflavin(TF) was extracted and purified from black broken tea. The purified TF possessed an absorption peak at the 363nm wavelength, and the solutions of TF remained stable under the conditions of pH3-6, below 80℃ within 60 minutes, as well as in 1%-4% Vc and 0.05-0.5mmol/L Na2SO3 solutions. Fading occurred in 0.05mol/L H2O2 solution.展开更多
Theaflavins(TFs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins,which are specially formed during black tea fermentation.To explore the differences among four main TF derivatives(theaflavin(TF 1),theaflavin3-galla...Theaflavins(TFs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins,which are specially formed during black tea fermentation.To explore the differences among four main TF derivatives(theaflavin(TF 1),theaflavin3-gallate(TF 2 A),theaflavin-3'-gallate(TF 2 B),and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate(TF 3)) in scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS) in vitro,their properties of inhibiting superoxide,singlet oxygen,hydrogen peroxide,and the hydroxyl radical,and their effects on hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidative damage were systematically analyzed in the present study.The results show that,compared with()-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),TF derivatives were good antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro.TF 3 was the most positive in scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical,and TF 1 suppressed superoxide.Positive antioxidant capacities of TF 2 B on singlet oxygen,hydrogen peroxide,hydroxyl radical,and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found.The differences between the antioxidant capacities of four main TF derivatives in relation to their chemical structures were also discussed.We suggest that these activity differences among TF derivatives would be beneficial to scavenge different ROS with therapeutic potential.展开更多
为了明确茶黄素-大豆分离蛋白复合物涂膜保鲜对采后香菇品质的影响,以茶黄素(theaflavins,TFs)、大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)为原料混合制得TFs-SPI复合涂膜保鲜剂,并应用紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析和X-射...为了明确茶黄素-大豆分离蛋白复合物涂膜保鲜对采后香菇品质的影响,以茶黄素(theaflavins,TFs)、大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)为原料混合制得TFs-SPI复合涂膜保鲜剂,并应用紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析和X-射线衍射对其结构进行表征。同时,研究采后香菇经TFs-SPI复合物涂膜处理在4℃条件下贮藏20 d后的感官品质、营养指标和菌落总数的影响。结果表明:TFs与SPI能够自发地通过非共价相互作用形成复合物。紫外光谱分析发现TFs与SPI相互作用使SPI的最大吸收波长发生红移,造成了SPI分子构象发生变化;差示扫描量热分析和X-射线衍射表明TFs-SPI复合物呈非晶形态;傅里叶变换红外光谱表明TFs引起SPI的二级结构发生改变。与对照组、SPI组和TFs组比较,TFs-SPI复合物涂膜明显改善了香菇贮藏期内的感官和营养品质,延缓感官评分值和pH下降,降低失重率和可溶性固形物含量,提高可溶性蛋白质和还原糖含量,以及抑制细菌的生长。综上,TFs-SPI复合物涂膜处理能够进一步维持香菇的贮藏品质,延长货架期。展开更多
基金Supported by Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains Fund(2021CX06)。
文摘Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design.Then,the physiochemical properties were evaluated,including hardness,friability,effervescent time and pH of the solution.At last,the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay.According to the results,the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%,disintegrating agent 43.80%(the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1),aspartame 1.86%,PEG-6003%,and mannitol in balance.With the wet granulation method,the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness,fast disintegration time,good color,pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity.This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs.
文摘This study was carried out to characterize total residual catechins and their fractions, polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of black teas enriched with high levels of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate. The made teas were processed from eleven selected cultivars. A comparative study was carried out between the processed teas and those from commercially grown Kenyan cultivars in relation to the above chemical parameters. A correlation matrix analysis was also conducted to find out whether a relationship existed between the antioxidant activities and the said chemical parameters. The total residual catechins were found to range between 3.10% and 8.08%. The total polyphenol levels varied between 19.00% and 28.90%, while the antioxidant activities of the teas ranged from 82.70% to 91.70%. There was a significant p < 0.001 correlation between the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols (r = 0.8948). There was also a high correlation p < 0.001 between the antioxidant activity and total catechins (r = 0.8878). Out of the four catechin fractions, the antioxidant activity correlated most with EGCG (r = 0.8774). The total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities for most of the cultivars were comparable to those of the green tea reference standard. From the figures obtained, it can be concluded that the most of the newly developed black teas of the selected cultivars have higher quality and enhanced antioxidant activities and that they can be recommended for commercial production.
文摘Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays important roles in metabolizing large molecular polyphenols to bioavailable and bioactive microbial metabolites.Theaflavin(TF)is one of the major color compounds in black tea and has demonstrated anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and anticancer effects properties.However,little is known about the metabolism of TF by gut microbiota in vivo.In this study,following the administration of TF to mice,the C-ring cleavage metabolites,dihydro-and tetrahydro-theaflavin(DH-TF and TH-TF)were detected in mouse feces by LC-MS and validated by authentic standards from in situ chemical reaction.The observation of the C-ring cleavage metabolites in TF-treated conventionalized mice but not in germ-free(GF)mice confirmed the role of gut microbiota in cleaving the C-rings of TF.The detection of DH-TF from the anaerobic incubation of TF with catechin-converting gut bacteria,Eggerthella lenta(Eggerth),suggested that the microbes with the capacity to cleave the C-ring of catechins were able to metabolize TF following the same mechanism.Additionally,three small phenolic metabolites were detected in mouse feces,and one of them was primarily detected in SPF mice not GF mice,which revealed that TF,subsequent to the cleaved C-ring,can be further metabolized into smaller phenolic metabolites by gut microbiota.Dose-dependent production of these metabolites were observed from the administration of 100 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight of TF.In conclusion,gut microbiota can metabolize TF to the open-ring metabolites and the phenolic metabolites through the C-ring cleavage in mice.
文摘This study involved the selection of 11 cultivars out of 201 screened cultivars of fresh green and purple coloured tea leaves for use in the manufacture of black teas with optimized antioxidant activities. Individual cultivars containing a combination of high leaf concentrations of the catechin fractions;epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were used in the processing of theaflavin-3,3’ digallate (TF3) rich black tea. The black tea enrichment with TF3 was carried out through optimization of the processing conditions of each cultivar by varying the aeration times between 0 min and 80 min at an interval of 20 min. The differently processed teas were then assayed for the TF3 contents. The data analysis was carried out using the GENSTAT at p ≤ 0.05. The optimal processing time for Ejulu, TRFK 832/8, TRFK 831/11, TRFK 824/1, SC 31/37, SC 12/28, K-Purple and TRFK 6/8 was found to be 60 min while that of TRFK 301/6, TRFK 301/3 and TRFK 655/1 was 40 min. The optimal TF3 levels were found to range from 0.19% to 0.60%.
文摘Theaflavin(TF) was extracted and purified from black broken tea. The purified TF possessed an absorption peak at the 363nm wavelength, and the solutions of TF remained stable under the conditions of pH3-6, below 80℃ within 60 minutes, as well as in 1%-4% Vc and 0.05-0.5mmol/L Na2SO3 solutions. Fading occurred in 0.05mol/L H2O2 solution.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30901002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No. 20070421210)
文摘Theaflavins(TFs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins,which are specially formed during black tea fermentation.To explore the differences among four main TF derivatives(theaflavin(TF 1),theaflavin3-gallate(TF 2 A),theaflavin-3'-gallate(TF 2 B),and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate(TF 3)) in scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS) in vitro,their properties of inhibiting superoxide,singlet oxygen,hydrogen peroxide,and the hydroxyl radical,and their effects on hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidative damage were systematically analyzed in the present study.The results show that,compared with()-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),TF derivatives were good antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro.TF 3 was the most positive in scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical,and TF 1 suppressed superoxide.Positive antioxidant capacities of TF 2 B on singlet oxygen,hydrogen peroxide,hydroxyl radical,and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found.The differences between the antioxidant capacities of four main TF derivatives in relation to their chemical structures were also discussed.We suggest that these activity differences among TF derivatives would be beneficial to scavenge different ROS with therapeutic potential.
文摘为了明确茶黄素-大豆分离蛋白复合物涂膜保鲜对采后香菇品质的影响,以茶黄素(theaflavins,TFs)、大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)为原料混合制得TFs-SPI复合涂膜保鲜剂,并应用紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析和X-射线衍射对其结构进行表征。同时,研究采后香菇经TFs-SPI复合物涂膜处理在4℃条件下贮藏20 d后的感官品质、营养指标和菌落总数的影响。结果表明:TFs与SPI能够自发地通过非共价相互作用形成复合物。紫外光谱分析发现TFs与SPI相互作用使SPI的最大吸收波长发生红移,造成了SPI分子构象发生变化;差示扫描量热分析和X-射线衍射表明TFs-SPI复合物呈非晶形态;傅里叶变换红外光谱表明TFs引起SPI的二级结构发生改变。与对照组、SPI组和TFs组比较,TFs-SPI复合物涂膜明显改善了香菇贮藏期内的感官和营养品质,延缓感官评分值和pH下降,降低失重率和可溶性固形物含量,提高可溶性蛋白质和还原糖含量,以及抑制细菌的生长。综上,TFs-SPI复合物涂膜处理能够进一步维持香菇的贮藏品质,延长货架期。
文摘目的研究茶黄素调节Snail/Slug信号通路对口腔鳞癌(OSCC)细胞增殖、凋亡和上皮间质转化的影响。方法采用MTT法检测25、50、100、150、175 mg/L茶黄素处理的人OSCC细胞SCC-25存活率,筛选出茶黄素的合适作用浓度。体外培养SCC-25细胞并构建OSCC移植瘤模型,分为对照组、茶黄素低剂量组、茶黄素高剂量组、茶黄素高剂量+空载组、茶黄素高剂量+Snail过表达组。采用实时荧光定量PCR与免疫印迹检测各组细胞Snail、Slug表达;采用MTT法与流式细胞术分别检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡;采用细胞划痕与Transwell侵袭实验分别检测各组SCC-25细胞迁移、侵袭;采用免疫印迹检测各组SCC-25细胞凋亡及上皮间质转化相关蛋白表达;检测各组裸鼠肿瘤体积、肿瘤质量。结果与对照组相比,茶黄素低剂量组、茶黄素高剂量组细胞存活率、迁移率、侵袭数、Snail mRNA及蛋白表达、Slug m RNA及蛋白表达、Bcl-2、N-cadherin蛋白表达、裸鼠肿瘤质量及体积均降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、Bax、ZO-1及E-cadherin蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),高剂量茶黄素作用更强。与茶黄素高剂量组相比,茶黄素高剂量+空载组各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);过表达Snail可逆转茶黄素对细胞及裸鼠各指标的影响。结论茶黄素可下调Snail/Slug通路蛋白表达,从而抑制OSCC细胞的上皮间质转化、增殖、迁移及侵袭,促使其凋亡,并可延缓裸鼠移植瘤的生长。
