Emerging perovskite materials for supercapacitors:Structure,synthesis,modification,advanced characterization,theoretical calculation and electrochemical performance

As a new generation electrode materials for energy storage,perovskites have attracted wide attention because of their unique crystal structure,reversible active sites,rich oxygen vacancies,and good stability.In this review,the design and engineering progress of perovskite materials for supercapacitors(SCs)in recent years is summarized.Specifically,the review will focus on four types of perovskites,perovskite oxides,halide perovskites,fluoride perovskites,and multi-perovskites,within the context of their intrinsic structure and corresponding electrochemical performance.A series of experimental variables,such as synthesis,crystal structure,and electrochemical reaction mechanism,will be carefully analyzed by combining various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations.The applications of these materials as electrodes are then featured for various SCs.Finally,we look forward to the prospects and challenges of perovskite-type SCs electrodes,as well as the future research direction.

A theoretical model to predict the rising trajectory of single bubble with zigzagging path in still water

The rising motion of single bubble in still liquid is a natural phenomenon,which has high theoretical research significance and engineering application prospect.Experimental observations and numerical simulations for prediction of the rising trajectory of a single bubble in still liquid are being carried out,while the concise but accurate theoretical or mechanism model is still not well developed.In this article,a theoretical model of a single bubble based on experimental observation of flow around bluff body is proposed to predict the rising trajectory of zigzagging bubbles in still water.The prediction correlation of bubble lateral movement frequency and bubble steer angle are established based on three degrees of freedom frame.The model has achieved good trajectory prediction effect in the bubble rising experiment.The average simulation time per unit moving time of bubble is 2.5 s.

Evaluation of Medical Prescribers’ Theoretical Knowledge on Medical Imaging in the Northern Region of Burkina Faso

Introduction: Medical imaging is a medical specialty that involves producing images of the human body and interpreting them for diagnostic, therapeutic purposes, and for monitoring the progress of pathologies. We aimed to assess the theoretical knowledge of doctors and interns in medical imaging in the northern region of Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey based on a self-administered questionnaire. Prescribers knowledge was estimated based on scores derived from questionnaire responses. Results: We collected 106 questionnaires out of 163, i.e. a participation rate of 65.03%. The average knowledge score was 81.71% for the contribution of medical imaging to patient management. It was 60.02% for the indications/counter-indications of radiological examinations and 72.56% for the risks associated with exposure to radiation during these examinations. The score was 59.83% for the methods used to select the appropriate radiological examination. As regards the completeness of the clinical and biological information on the forms requesting imaging examinations, the score was 96.65%. Specialist doctors had the highest overall level of knowledge (74.68%). Conclusion: Improved technical facilities, good initial and in-service training, and interdisciplinary collaboration will help to ensure that imaging tests are properly prescribed, leading to better patient care.

Theoretical Modeling and Surface Roughness Prediction of Microtextured Surfaces in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Milling

Textured surfaces with certain micro/nano structures have been proven to possess some advanced functions,such as reducing friction,improving wear and increasing wettability.Accurate prediction of micro/nano surface textures is of great significance for the design,fabrication and application of functional textured surfaces.In this paper,based on the kinematic analysis of cutter teeth,the discretization of ultrasonic machining process,transformation method of coordinate systems and the cubic spline data interpolation,an integrated theoretical model was established to characterize the distribution and geometric features of micro textures on the surfaces machined by different types of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling(UVAM).Based on the theoretical model,the effect of key process parameters(vibration directions,vibration dimensions,cutting parameters and vibration parameters)on tool trajectories and microtextured surface morphology in UVAM is investigated.Besides,the effect of phase difference on the elliptical shape in 2D/3D ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted milling(UEVAM)was analyzed.Compared to conventional numerical models,the method of the cubic spline data interpolation is applied to the simulation of microtextured surface morphology in UVAM,which is more suitable for characterizing the morphological features of microtextured surfaces than traditional methods due to the presence of numerous micro textures.The prediction of surface roughness indicates that the magnitude of ultrasonic amplitude in z-direction should be strictly limited in 1D rotary UVAM,2D and 3D UEVAM due to the unfavorable effect of axial ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality.This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and fabrication of microtextured surfaces in UVAM.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the “1 + 1 + 1” Method in Theoretical Teaching of Emergency Pericardiocentesis

Background: Pericardial effusion may progress to cardiac tamponade when pressure around the heart increases to a level comparable to that of the right and left atria. Patients with cardiac tamponade need timely completion of emergency pericardiocentesis to relieve the threat to the patient’s life, and to save valuable time for patients who need emergency thoracotomy and pericardial window drainage. Pericardiocentesis is a necessary clinical skill for residents in standardized training. In addition, nurses who are familiar with this technology can better assist clinicians to perform this operation. In order to make the medical staff quickly master the theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, we designed a “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method in the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Methods: We used an English teaching video of emergency pericardiocentesis and applied the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for theoretical teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the lecture among 19 medical staff of different years of service to understand their mastery of the theoretical content of emergency pericardiocentesis before and after the lecture. According to the years of service, the medical staff were divided into three groups: 1 - 3 years (Group A), 4 - 10 years (Group B), and over 10 years (Group C), and the changes in the mastery of various contents by the overall medical staff and each group were statistically analyzed. Results: Before the lecture, the number of people who mastered the indications, contraindications, most commonly used methods, and common complications of emergency pericardiocentesis were 15, 12, 16, and 17, respectively, whereas after the lecture, these numbers increased to 17, 19, 19, and 19, respectively. The overall mastery before and after the lecture was statistically significant (p Conclusion: The “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method can effectively improve the overall mastery level of medical staff’s theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, especially in improving the mastery of contraindications of this operation.

Silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols for boosting vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement:One-pot synthesis and theoretical investigation

Design and preparation of highly efficient zeolite catalysts for gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam are attractive but still challenging.Herein,we show a one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols.The key to this success is the use of urea in the synthetic system.Catalytic tests of cyclohexanone oxime gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement show that the silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with H-bonded silanols exhibit higher selectivity for caprolactam and longer reaction lifetime than those of the conventional silicalite-1 zeolite.Theoretical simulations reveal that the ammonium decomposed by urea is a critical additive for the formation of H-bond silanols.Obviously,one-pot synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite nanosheets with rich H-bonded silanols plus excellent catalytic performance in the Beckmann rearrangement offer a new opportunity for development of highly efficient zeolites for catalytic applications in the future.

Research on the Upper Limit of Accuracy for Predicting Theoretical Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy of current methods approaches this limit, further exploration of new prediction techniques may become redundant. Conversely, a need for more precise prediction methods or models may be indicated. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed the limits of accuracy at different numbers of ions and parameters using repeated spectral pairs and integrating various similarity metrics. Results show significant achievements in accuracy for backbone ion methods with room for improvement. In contrast, full-spectrum prediction methods exhibit greater potential relative to the theoretical accuracy limit. Additionally, findings highlight the significant impact of normalized collision energy and instrument type on prediction accuracy, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in future theoretical tandem mass spectrometry predictions.

Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization

State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The laboratory was reconstructed based on former State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resources Researchesand Comprehensive Utilization.

Theoretical discussion and application of HE's tube acupuncture technique in the treatment of vertigo based on Huangdi Neijing

HE's tube acupuncture technique was founded by Mr. HE Huiwu, a Master of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Based on the theory of Zangfu organs and meridians, it draws on the essence of the academics of doctors in the past dynasties, especially the important theory of Huangdi Neijing to guide the clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion. This paper introduces the academic thought of HE's tube acupuncture. Mr HE believes that the pathogenesis of vertigo is mainly the first, kidney essence is deficient, and the heart fire burns alone,therefore disharmony occurs between heart and kidney. Secondly, liver and kidney Yin's deficiency, Yin is deficient while Yang is hyperactive or Yin is deficient and wind. Thirdly, the spleen Qi is deficient, Qingyang fails to ascend, and the main Zangfu organs are responsible for the liver, spleen and kidney. In the treatment, it emphasizes the characteristics of TCM paying attention to the whole, syndrome differentiation and treatment, selects the principal acupuncture points of the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang, kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin, hand Jueyin pericardium meridian, heart meridian of hand Shaoyin, include Kunlun(BL60), Yongquan(KI1), Neiguan(PC6), Fuliu(KI7), Daling(PC7),Shenmen(HT7), Shenmai(BL62), Tianzhu(BL10), Baihui(GV20), Beiyu points, etc. Finally, combined with the actual medical records,the clinical effect of HE's tube acupuncture technique in the treatment of vertigo is explained in detail.

Theoretical design and experimental verification of high-entropy carbide ablative resistant coating

Composition design of high-entropy carbides is a topic of great scientific interest for the hot-end parts in the aerospace field.A novel theoretical method through an inverse composition design route,i.e.initially ensuring the oxide scale with excellent anti-ablation stability,is proposed to improve the ablation resistance of the highentropy carbide coatings.In this work,the(Hf_(0.36)Zr_(0.24)Ti_(0.1)Sc_(0.1)Y_(0.1)La_(0.1))C1-δ(HEC)coatings were prepared by the inverse design concept and verified by the ablation resistance experiment.The linear ablation rate of the HEC coatings is1.45μm/s,only 4.78%of the pristine HfC coatings after the oxyacetylene ablation at 4.18 MW/m2.The HEC possesses higher toughness with a higher Pugh's ratio of 1.55 in comparison with HfC(1.30).The in-situ formed dense(Hf_(0.36)Zr_(0.24)Ti_(0.1)Sc_(0.1)Y_(0.1)La_(0.1))O2-δoxide scale during ablation benefits to improve the anti-ablation performance attributed to its high structural adaptability with a lattice constant change not exceeding 0.19%at 2000-2300℃.The current investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of the inverse theoretical design,providing a novel optimization approach for ablation protection of high-entropy carbide coatings.

气泡动力学研究进展

只要有流体的地方,就可能会产生气泡,气泡是气体在液体中一种常见的呈现形式,在自然界和工程界中广泛存在,在船舶与海洋、先进制造、环境与化工、生命科学和医学等许多领域均有重要应用价值,同时,在水中结构抗爆和空蚀等很多领域气泡也是导致危害产生的根源,因此,气泡动力学是诸多领域共同关心的基础科学问题.然而,由于气泡动力学行为的复杂性,涉及边界、多气泡、流场环境、流体可压缩性、黏性和表面张力等多物理因素和环境条件的显著影响,迄今为止,仍存在复杂条件下气泡动力学理论、气泡群相互作用、气液固耦合效应和气泡损伤及防护机制等难题亟待解决.为此,从气泡动力学的基本物理现象入手,深入剖析了该领域所面临的挑战,给出了存在的力学难题,综述了气泡动力学理论、数值和实验技术的研究进展与最新动态,通过对现有研究成果的系统梳理和详细分析,最后总结了气泡动力学领域未来发展趋势,并提出了潜在的研究方向和课题,旨在为气泡动力学相关研究提供基础和依据.

从自主到自觉:高等教育研究的知识价值转向

人文社会科学的研究旨在形成价值观念并塑造认知框架。作为国家创新实力的关键组成部分,构建自主的社会科学知识体系对于把握社会发展趋势,形成针对本土社会问题的独特解释方式至关重要。近年来我国提出要构建社会科学自主知识体系,原因是对知识价值的控制来自人类的掌控本能;发达国家的社会科学理论在解释我国的社会现象时可能不再适用。因此,针对我国高等教育发展的独特性,我们需要建立专门的分析框架,并形成有效的理论解释体系。自主知识体系的建立需要基于我国高等教育现代化的学理性与实践性叙事展开,所要达到的最终境界是实现理论自觉,即形成我国高等教育发展理论的自主意识。我们需要通过反思性实践,重新设定高等教育研究的问题来源。推动学术研究集中于本土问题并走向“自觉性”应该成为构建中国特色高等教育自主知识体系的价值起点。

基层减负:研究综述与理论展望

减负增效已成为全社会共同关注的话题。国内学者围绕基层负担的表现形式、生成逻辑和解决策略进行了大量研究,取得了丰硕的成果。但是,由于缺少统一的概念体系和研究框架,现有议题相对分散,且无法形成既可靠又可量化的指标体系对减负效果进行评估。由此,通过系统性文献综述,对2015年以来国内基层减负的研究成果进行了梳理总结,揭示了该领域亟待深入探索的研究空白与不足。同时,通过对负担本质的辨析以及国外研究成果的借鉴,本文从“建构-现实”和“个体-群体”两个维度探索构建了深度解析基层负担的概念框架,并基于该框架展望了基层减负研究在形成机理、影响因素和测量评估等方面可拓展的思路及方向。总之,基层不只是一个行政层级的概念,更是一个国家、市场与社会相交互的场域的概念。基层负担所折射出的问题与科层制及压力型体制相关,与中央地方关系模式相关,也与国家社会关系模式相关。

开展全科教育干预研究:从设计到发表

随着中国基层医疗的发展,近10年中国将培养近40万全科医生,其中培养具有胜任力的全科医生至关重要,这需要全科教育者探索大量适合中国且基于证据的全科教育理念、方法和内容。目前,国内全科教育干预研究的质量较差,大部分全科教育师资和研究者尚缺乏教育干预研究的相关培训。本文旨在介绍全科教育干预研究,按照从设计到发表的流程将研究分为4个阶段,共13个步骤:4个阶段分别为构建研究问题(产生研究灵感、文献综述、融入理论/概念框架、精炼研究问题)、研究设计(试验设计、干预措施、结果评估)、研究执行(建立研究团队、获取研究资源、申请研究伦理、项目实施)、发表和评价阶段(文章撰写、反思与评价),以期为全科教育研究者与实践者开展教育干预研究提供研究方法和思路,产生高质量的教育研究“证据”,进一步改善全科教育培训质量,培养具有胜任力的全科医生。

基于证素辨证理论的情志病证动物模型评价的理论构想及实现路径探究

现阶段情志病证理论发展滞后及针对性药物开发落后的主要原因即是缺乏合适有效的动物模型,其中模型评价又是情志病证动物模型制备中关键及难点。中医药理论中证素辨证理论与动物行为学中行为要素理论深为契合,有望带来相关领域理论变革及方法学进步。基于此背景,系统梳理并厘清情志病证动物模型评价的理论构想,即借助中医证素辨证理论的思维模式为指导,尝试建立完整的模型评价体系。并指出基于证素辨证理论的情志病证动物模型评价的实现路径,即自然状态下行为要素采集及时序分析、应激状态下异常行为表型鉴定分析、模型动物证候判别的等效转换。

小区播种机供种装置的技术研究现状及展望

供种装置是小区播种机的关键装置之一。为此,简述了国内外小区播种机配套的主要供种装置与技术研究现状。从供种装置的主要结构形式和供种方式出发,阐述了现有单漏斗式、中央锥斗式、弹匣式和新型弹匣式供种装置的工作原理、结构组成和前沿技术研究进展。同时,分析了当前国内外供种装置的研发现状,列举国内外具有代表性的小区播种机供种装置的研究成果,并结合国内供种装置发展现状展望了国内小区播种机配套供种装置的未来发展方向,为企业及研究人员了解国内小区播种机供种装置的技术研究现状提供一定的参考。

蛇床子素对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经炎症的影响与机制研究

目的探讨蛇床子素(Osthole,Ost)调节高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)-晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation endproduct,RAGE)信号通路对缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)大鼠神经炎症的影响。方法采用大脑中动脉闭塞法建立IS模型,将其中造模成功的40只大鼠分为模型组、Ost低剂量组(Ost-L)、Ost高剂量组(Ost-H)和Ost-H+重组HMGB1(reambination HMGB1,rHMGB1)组(Ost-H+rHMGB1),每组10只。另取10只大鼠作为假手术组。Zea-Longa评分评价大鼠神经功能;酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平和海马组织肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)10和IL-1β水平;氯化三苯四氮唑染色检测大鼠脑梗死体积;Nissl染色观察大鼠海马组织区病理形态;TUNEL染色检测大鼠海马组织细胞凋亡;羟胺法检测海马组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性;钼酸铵法检测过氧化氢酶(catalases,CAT)活性;硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)含量;Western blot检测大鼠脑组织裂解的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,cleaved Caspase-3)、HMGB1、RAGE、核转录因子κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)、磷酸化NF-κB(p-NF-κB)蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠海马组织有明显损伤,大鼠Zea-Longa评分、脑梗死体积百分比、血清LDH水平、海马组织TNF-α、IL-1β水平、神经元凋亡率、MDA水平、cleaved Caspase-3、HMGB1、RAGE、p-NF-κB/NF-κB蛋白表达水平显著升高,血清NGF水平、海马组织IL-10、SOD、CAT水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,Ost-L和Ost-H组大鼠海马组织损伤显著减轻,大鼠Zea-Longa评分、脑梗死体积百分比、血清LDH水平、海马组织TNF-α、IL-1β水平、神经元凋亡率、MDA水平、cleaved Caspase-3、HMGB1、RAGE、p-NF-κB/NF-κB蛋白表达水平显著降低,血清NGF水平、海马组织IL-10、SOD、CAT水平显著升高[(265.84±34.76)pg/ml,(394.52±41.68)pg/ml vs(187.56±23.54)pg/ml,P<0.05;(41.84±5.67)pg/ml,(68.57±8.39)pg/ml vs(16.73±3.52)pg/ml,P<0.05;(87.49±12.53)U/mg,(109.86±14.67)U/mg vs(52.73±8.46)U/mg,P<0.05;(45.38±5.72)U/mg,(67.43±8.91)U/mg vs(21.54±3.47)U/mg,P<0.05]。rHMGB1可减轻Ost对IS大鼠神经损伤的改善作用。结论Ost可降低IS大鼠神经炎症、氧化应激和神经元凋亡,可能是通过抑制HMGB1-RAGE信号通路实现的。

牦牛转录组学研究进展

转录组学的发展为研究生物功能基因提供了新的手段,牦牛转录组学的研究主要聚焦在卵泡发育、低氧适应机制、肌肉发育和脂肪细胞分化等方面。本文从非编码RNA(lncRNA、miRNA、piRNA)在牦牛繁殖和肌肉发育等领域的研究现状进行介绍与阐述,旨在为牦牛繁殖调控和分子育种提供理论基础。

脑力劳动者心理疲劳的表现、产生及干预(综述)

心理疲劳是长时间脑力劳动引起的一种心理状态,这种状态不仅对脑力劳动者身心健康产生影响,也增加了工作失误和事故的风险,因此逐渐被研究者们所关注。本文对心理疲劳相关研究进行综述,进而梳理出认知资源理论、自我调节理论、欠载理论和动机控制理论4个理论框架,并总结当前被认为具有较高可行性的干预方式,以期为预防心理疲劳提供思路和方法。