STUDY ON TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE SENSING FOR ABRUPT GEOTHERMAL ANOMALY IN VOLCANIC REGION

Experiment researches have proven that there is an obvious phenomenon of abrupt geothermal anomaly in volcanic region in the forewarning period of volcano eruption, which is closely related to the geological structure, the cause, the scale and the type of volcano etc. On the other hand, this kind of geothermal anomaly is an important sign to monitor volcano activity by thermal infrared remote sensing techniques. This paper discusses the feature of abrupt geothermal anomaly, the transmission mechanism of geothermal anomaly and the radiation transmission mechanism of heat field of terrene in volcanic region. By analyzing mechanism of terrene temperature rising by way of conduction and convection of heat, we have presented the transmission equation of atmosphere for thermal infrared radiation based on the effective radiation of objects. The related problems of noise interference in the processes of transmission for thermal infrared radiation will be discussed in the later paper.

Probable satellite thermal infrared anomaly before the Zhangbei M_s=6.2 earthquake on January 10, 1998

This paper used the thermal infrared data of the satellite NOAA-AAVHRR of the north pat of North China (113°~119°E, 38°~42°N), and processed the remote sensing data through radiation adjustment, geometric adjust ment and so on by the software 'The Monitoring and Fast Process System of Earthquake Precursor Thermal Infra red Anomaly', inversed the each surface temperature. Some disturbances effect had been excluded, and thermal infrared temperature anomaly had been extracted by the picture difference method. The Zhangbei M_s=6.2 earth quake is used as the example in the paper, so that in the paper thermal infrared characteristics on time-space before earthquake and the relationship between the anomaly and the earthquake prediction have been summarized. Within more than ten days before the Zhangbei earthquake, the thermal infrared anomaly had emerged widely along Zhangjiakou-Bobal seismic belt, and the anomalous region seemed like a belt and it is also consistent with the tectonic background there; the anomaly expanded from the outside toward the earthquake focus, but the focus lay at the edge of the thermal infrared region. So it is possible to explore a new anomaly observation method for earthquake prediction by observing and studying the satellite thermal infrared anomaly before big earthquakes happen.

Analysis of Thermal Infrared Anomalies for the April16,2013M_W7.8of Khash, Iran Earthquake

After using the "Time-Frequency Relative Power Spectrum"( T-F RPS) method based on the China Geostationary Meteorological Satellite( FY-2 C/FY-2 E) infrared remote sensing brightness temperature data processing,we rapidly and accurately extracted and identified pre-earthquake thermal infrared anomalies for the April 16,2013 MW7. 8 of Khash,Iran Earthquake. Spatial evolution of anomalies showed the distribution and process. The anomalies were mainly distributed in the east of Khash,Iran. The characteristics of process and distribution presented X-Type model of NE and near NS strip which relates to the geological structure of this region. The epicenter was located near the intersection region of the X-Type abnormal migration process. Besides,the results of time series of anomalies showed that,the duration was more than 40 days and the maximum amplitude was about18 times. The earthquake occurred 20 days after the abnormal maximum amplitude which appeared on March 26,2013.

Formation cause of thermal infrared high temperature belt along Honghe fault and its relation to earthquakes

Aiming at two Dayao earthquakes with magnitude more than 6 occurred in 2003 in Yunnan Province, we analyzed and interpreted the NOAA satellite thermal infrared images of 1999, 2003 and 2004 in Chuandian region, and also calculated the annual variation of brightness temperature of the hot belt along Honghe fault to explore the formation cause of the high temperature belt and its relation to the earthquakes. The results show that the high temperature belt along Honghe fault is caused by geographic environment factors, such as water system and terrain. But the annual average brightness temperature of the belt in earthquake year of 2003 is clearly higher than that in no earthquake years of 1999 and 2004, this maybe indicates that the thermal activities of Honghe fault increase in earthquake years, and can cause the annual variation anomaly of brightness temperature. We can detect and monitor this thermal activities of Honghe fault before earthquake by analyzing and comparing the relative changes of thermal infrared brightness temperature of the hot belt in different years.

华南地区地震热异常变化特征分析

利用数据库2006年以来的卫星热红外亮温资料,统计并研究华南沿海5级及海南邻近区域4级以上地震。研究结果表明:64.7%的地震在震前存在明显的热红外异常异常总体特征为出现—增加—极大值—减弱—消亡的过程,不同地震出现异常的对应周期不同,主要以第一对应周期为主,地震大多发生在异常达到峰值后两个月内。异常的最大幅值与震级没有正相关的关系,可能与震前几年是否出现过高值异常有关,是个相对值。

磁电异常联用技术在矿井火区勘探中的应用

针对新柳矿业周边小煤窑数量众多及小煤窑破坏漏风、引发自燃等问题,致使柳湾煤矿井田产生破坏,研究采用磁电异常联用技术和测温杆红外热像测温反演技术。研究表明:通过磁电异常联用技术和测温杆红外热像测温反演技术的联合应用,可以准确地探测和定位火源,从而实施有效的灭火程序。

基于红外热成像检测的光伏电站异常分析

红外热成像检测具有非接触、检测速度快、检测范围广、易于实现自动化和可以实时观测等优点,在众多行业中都有广泛应用。为了更好地把红外热成像技术应用于光伏电站检测领域,利用手持式红外热成像仪和无人机搭载红外热成像仪两种检测方式,对多个在运光伏电站现场进行了红外热成像检测,根据红外热成像检测结果挑选出光伏电站常见的故障案例,然后分析了这些故障导致的异常红外热成像图的典型特征及形成原因。通过红外热成像检测结果发现:光伏组件和电气设备存在一些热异常问题,导致这些热异常的故障类型可分为5类,分别为:1)光伏组件中单片太阳电池热斑;2)光伏组件内太阳电池串开路;3)光伏组串(或光伏组件)短路或开路;4)光伏阵列完整性缺失或机械受损;5)电气设备异常。研究结果可以为红外热成像技术在光伏电站检测中的应用提供参考和借鉴,通过红外热成像图来准确识别光伏电站的故障类型,及时发现光伏电站存在的发热故障和隐患,从而可以提高光伏电站的运维效率,对促进光伏电站的安全高效运行和新能源行业的发展具有重要意义。

红外成像技术在主变运维中的应用

从红外监测技术的原理出发,以主变渗漏油及套管发热2种常见缺陷为切入点,深入探讨了红外监测技术在主变运行过程中的重要作用。通过具体应用场景,结合现场实际,分析红外监测技术在主变运维过程中的优势,以保障主变运维工作的质量和安全。

RESEARCH ON DISTURBED MECHANISM OF THERMAL NOISES OF THE SURFACE IN ABRUPT GEOTHERMAL ANOMALY

Geothermal anomaly as a physical phenomenon of an active and latent volca nic area would be well recog-nized,and abrupt geothermal anomaly should also be understood.However,in practical work,thermal infrare d remote sensing techniques are frequently u sed to monitor geothermal flows of th e earth.But then,except for this typ e of thermal source in the surface thermal field,there still exist a lot of noises in th e area where the abrupt geothermal an omaly is generat-ed.By Analyzing the reason,we find t hat it is brought about by the non-bou ndless projection characteristics of objects.These noises may be divided into two c lasses:system noises and random noises.If disturbed noises have comparative sta-ble time sequence law and space sequence law,the noises are called system noises.And because system noises have a certain law,it is easy to remove the n oises.On the contrary,if disturbed noises have not law of time sequence a nd space sequence,the noises are called random noises.The random noises have the character of non-linearity,uncertainty and indeterminism.For this case,this p aper discusses the disturbed mechan ism of these noises as well as how to re move them..

基于红外图像的矿石传送带托辊异常检测

为了解决传统的传送带托辊异常检测方法效率低、实时性差等问题,提出一种基于红外图像识别的托辊异常检测模型。通过现场采集并使用标签平滑和Mosaic数据增强处理对托辊红外图像数据集进行扩充,降低模型的训练成本。在特征提取模块提出使用GhostNet骨干特征提取网络,能够有效地降低特征提取所需成本。在特征融合模块,提出使用SPP-Net模块优化PaNet特征融合网络,增加模型的感受野。通过深度可分离卷积块简化模型结构,降低模型的计算量和参数量,并通过LeakyReLU激活函数提高模型的学习能力。试验结果表明:该检测模型能够有效识别托辊异常。在实际检测中,该方法在托辊检测中平均准确率达到94.9%,检测速度达到39.2 FPS,为矿山传送带托辊的准确高效巡检提供了保障。

泸定M_(S)6.8地震卫星红外辐射异常

1研究背景将卫星遥感红外资料应用于地震监测,起始于20世纪80年代前苏联科学家。后续国内外学者陆续开展了这方面的研究,提出了涡度、RST、ZS、距平和功率谱等异常提取方法,取得了大量震例和机理方面的研究成果(张元生等,2002;Tramutoli et al,2005;Ouzounov et al,2007;Freund,2011;Jing et al,2022)。张铁宝等(2016)研究表明,川滇块体东边界带强震前,川滇块体存在显著的超阈值辐射增强异常。利用该地区通过震例总结得到的红外辐射异常特征,持续对川滇块体红外辐射进行了多年跟踪,在2022年9月5日四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震前,川滇块体又再次出现了类似的异常变化。泸定地震发生在川滇块体东边界的鲜水河断裂带磨西段。本研究主要分析泸定地震前红外辐射的异常变化。

新疆硫磺沟煤火治理区地表热异常遥感监测研究

为研究新疆硫磺沟煤田火区热场演化过程和治理效果,利用热红外遥感技术进行监测研究。将火区划分为万家窑、浅水河、卡拉扎3个火区块段,监测期限分为煤火燃烧期、煤火复燃风险期、煤火治理现状期3个阶段,利用单窗算法反演各阶段多期地表温度,采用离散度识别火区热异常,分析煤火空间分布格局演化过程,并对探测结果进行验证。结果表明,在2000年治理前,3个火区块段的热异常面积为467.82万m 2,2004年第一轮灭火工程治理后,热异常面积大幅减少至29.34万m 2;随后由于矿山违规开采,2018年热异常面积增加至712.74万m 2,经过第二轮灭火工程治理,2021年的热异常面积减少至16.57万m 2。经实地调查,排除烧变岩干扰影响,煤火治理现状期地表热异常与实地情况相符,浅水河火区块段仍然存在自燃现象,卡拉扎、万家窑火区块段的煤火自燃现象基本消除,治理区地表景观和生态环境大幅改善。

遥感方法在宁武煤田煤火识别中的应用

煤火燃烧会对周围地区的环境、经济和安全造成严重影响,准确识别煤田自燃引起的火区范围对于监测与治理煤火具有重要意义。相关学者分别通过提取地表热异常或地表形变信息来识别煤火范围,但由于方法及手段单一,而引起煤火发生因素众多,导致试验结果不够准确。为提高煤火识别准确性,通过实际应用研究,利用融合卫星热红外技术与雷达技术的煤火识别方法,应用于山西省宁武煤田的火区识别。首先采用ASTER–TES(Temperature-Emissivity Separation)算法对ASTER夜间热红外数据进行地表温度反演,同时利用SBAS–InSAR(Small Baseline Subset InSAR)技术对Sentinel-1数据进行地表沉降信息反演,然后通过阈值分割法提取研究区域中的高温异常区域和沉降异常区域,进而融合处理,获得疑似煤田火区范围,最后利用测氡的实地勘测方法所确定的煤火范围对试验结果进行对比验证分析。结果显示:研究提出的方法对宁武煤田火区范围的识别准确率高达93.78%,较单一的温度反演方法与沉降异常方法提高43.29%和62.23%,但有部分火区未被识别,原因在于利用地表形变识别火区的阈值难以获取。结果表明:热红外技术与雷达技术协同识别方法能够有效克服单一识别方法的不足,显著提高煤火范围的识别精度,为准确圈定火区的治理范围提供有力参考,今后应深入研究地表形变探测火区的方法特性,从而获得更加全面准确的煤火范围。

2018年青海称多MS5.3地震前热红外亮温异常分析及预测回顾

以卫星热红外亮温资料为数据基础,采用小波变换和功率谱估计法,分析2018年称多地震前的热红外亮温异常,并对预测过程进行回顾总结。结果表明:称多地震前的热红外亮温异常演变表现为出现、增强、减弱、消失4个阶段,异常呈条带状分布且与断层走向基本一致,描述异常的一些特征参数均在以往震例研究结果的参考范围内;类比同地区其他震级相当地震的热红外亮温异常情况,发现称多地震前出现的热红外亮温异常可能与其是双震型地震有关;称多地震的预测过程总结为分析-判定-预测-检验4个阶段,可为区域震情判定提供新的经验。

基于多模态特征融合的隧道渗水异常检测方法

地铁隧道渗水对隧道施工安全造成严重威胁,目前隧道渗水异常检测面临以下问题:单一模态渗水异常检测方法抗干扰能力差;忽略了隧道渗水的动态变化特性;隧道渗水检测数据集获取难度大。为此,提出一种基于多模态观测数据的隧道渗水异常检测(MFF-WLAD)方法。为降低单一模态下干扰因素对渗水异常检测的影响,该方法融合可见光模态和红外热成像模态的观测数据,感知并学习潜在渗水区跨模态差异化成像特征;同时,构建渗水区时空演化先验指导的显著特征抽取模块,并与长短期记忆(LSTM)相结合,以提升MFF-WLAD方法对视频序列中渗水区域动态演化现象的识别能力。为了解决公开数据集缺乏的问题,建造隧道模拟场景并搭建多模态数据采集系统,构建多模态隧道渗水异常检测数据集。实验结果表明,在测试集的所有渗水异常事件上,MFF-WLAD方法实现了100%的检测成功率,虚警率为2%,与近年优秀对比方法AP-Model、ASTNet和LGN-Net相比,MFF-WLAD的有效检测率至少提高了27个百分点,同时虚警率也低于对比方法至少0.4个百分点,验证了MFF-WLAD方法的有效性。

热红外遥感技术在钢铁去产能监测中的应用

为了解决以往人工实地监察督导方式对钢铁企业监测耗时耗力等问题,文章提出基于卫星热红外传感器发现高温异常区,将传统的遥感解译与热红外异常值监测相结合,选用第一季度3—5月准同步数据,结合已有钢铁企业范围和同期高分辨率影像等数据分析钢铁企业的热红外阈值,根据热红外阈值及热异常分布情况提取出疑似钢铁企业/“地条钢”企业;根据中高分辨率数字正射影像建立解译标志,套合已有钢铁企业和“地条钢”图斑,对异常区域进行判定;最后,将已有成果作为检验实验精度的依据,对监测成果进行检验,形成钢铁去产能监测对比结果,综合检测正确率为88.15%。研究结果显示,Landsat810.6~11.19μm热红外波段范围能够有效监测到钢铁企业高温异常,在未来热红外遥感热异常监测中可选取该范围波段。研究旨在为钢铁去产能监测探索更加广泛的数据源,从而为今后可能出现的数据瓶颈问题、应急监测问题等提供解决问题的思路与方法,为指导项目生产和钢铁去产能遥感监测提供一定的借鉴。

Example of research on relation between satellite thermal infrared anomaly and strong earthquake

People pay more and more attention to the coupling relation between ground and air.In seismogenic process, thermal anomaly and temperature redistribution are generated not onlyin source region but also in its surrounding areas. This causes various thermal effects

2023年2月6日土耳其两次强震前卫星热红外及TEC趋势异常分析

2023年2月6日土耳其连续2次7.8级地震是一次显著的地质构造运动,也是一个特别典型的科学实验场景。当前各类观测数据较为丰富,为全球学者验证自己的猜想和进行模型实验提供了绝佳的机会。本文利用自行研究的热红外年均线差值振幅增强比法和TEC(Total Electron Content,电离层总电子含量)微观异常事件滑动年均线法研究发现,分别于2022年4月底至5月上旬、8月,在震中区域东西两侧曾出现高强度热红外异常;震前约1个月,震中东西两侧及北部区域同步热红外活跃性显著增强,尤其是北部区域其年线差值振幅增强比值在2023年1月31日创新高,是2018年以来最高记录,且为震前4年平均水平的2.5倍。TEC微观异常事件滑动年均线法研究显示,震中及附近区域TEC微观异常事件年线值从2021年开始快速下降,震前均值创历史最低水平,其年均值降至2000年以来高点的25%。热红外及TEC 2种异常在时间、空间上存在高度重叠,且地震发生在以上2种异常区域内,说明2种异常与本次地震系列可能存在密切联系。

IMPENDING-EARTHQUAKE SATELLITE THERMAL INFRARED AND GROUND TEMPERATUREINCREASE ANOMALIES

This note mainly discusses the relation of the impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared anomaly with the ground temperature-increase anomaly, namely, expounds the problem if the satellite thermal infrared anomaly is the reflection of the surficial temperatureincrease anomaly caused by seismic activities on the basis of previous works about the rela-