Thermal stability and oil absorption of aluminum hydroxide treated by dry modification with different modifiers

The thermal stability, particle size and morphology and oil absorption of aluminum hydroxide(ATH) treated by drymodification with three different modifiers were investigated. The experimental results show that the thermal stability of ATHpowder is markedly improved by dry modification technology with the following modifiers such as phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acidand the mixture of phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid. The best effect comes from pure phosphoric acid, and the initial temperaturefor the loss of crystal water of ATH powder modified with pure polyacrylic acid can reach about 202 ℃ that is approximately 10 ℃higher than that of ATH powder before modification. The phenomena of agglomeration and macro-aggregate badly exist in ATHpowder modified with the modifiers containing phosphoric acid. The growth of particles and agglomerations of powders are notevident in ATH powder modified with pure polyacrylic acid. The oil absorption of ATH powder modified with the modifierscontaining phosphoric acid is apparently larger than that of original ATH powder and ATH powder modified with pure polyacrylicacid. The oil absorption of the ATH powder modified with pure polyacrylic acid is slightly smaller than that of original ATH powder.

Chronic consumption of thermally processed palm oil or canola oil modified gut microflora of rats

Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.

Thermal stability and oil absorption of aluminum hydroxide treated by dry modification with phosphoric acid

The dry modification of aluminum hydroxide powders with phosphoric acid and the effects of modification of technological conditions on thermal stability, morphology and oil absorption of aluminum hydroxide powders were investigated. The results show that the increase of mass ratio of phosphoric acid to aluminum hydroxide, the decrease of mass concentration of phosphoric acid and prolongation of mixing time are favorable to the improvement of thermal stability of aluminum hydroxide; when the mass ratio of phosphoric acid to aluminum hydroxide is 5:100, the mass concentration of phosphoric acid is 200 g/L and the mixing time is 10 min, the initial temperature of loss of crystal water in aluminum hydroxide rises from about 192.10 to 208.66 ℃, but the dry modification results in the appearance of agglomeration and macro-aggregate in the modified powders, and the oil absorption of modified powders becomes higher than that of original aluminum hydroxide.

Insight into the structural features of organic species in Fushun oil shale via thermal dissolution

Fushun oil shale(FOS) was subjected to thermal dissolution(TD) under different conditions. The results show that the optimal solvent, temperature, time, and ratio of solvent to FOS are ethanol, 300 °C, 2 h, and 5 ml·g^(-1),respectively and the corresponding yield of the soluble portion(SP) is 32.2%(daf), which is much higher than the oil content of FOS(ca. 6%), suggesting that TD in ethanol is an excellent way to extract organics from FOS.According to 3 direct analyses, aliphatic moieties in FOS are the most abundant followed by C\\O-containing moieties and each cluster in FOS has 3 conjugated aromatic rings on average with fewer substituents. According to the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, alkanes are predominant in all the SPs. A number of alkenes were identified in the SPs from the TD, while none of the alkenes were detected in acetone-SP obtained at room temperature, implying that the TD can destroy the π-π and intertwining interactions between alkenes and macromolecular structures in FOS. Moreover, a small amount of alkyl-substituted phenols and alkoxysubstituted phenols were detected in ethanol-SP from the TD, which could be the products from ethanolyzing the macromolecular moiety of FOS.

Thermal state of soils in the active layer and underlain permafrost at the kilometer post 304 site along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline

On-site monitoring is very important for understanding formation mechanisms of frost hazards frequently occurring in pipeline foundation soils and for designing and deploying according mitigative measures in permafrost regions.Significant thaw subsidence of ground surfaces along the ChinaRussia Crude Oil Pipeline(CRCOP) from Mo'he to Daqing,Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China have been observed at some segments underlain by ice-rich warm(>1.0°C) permafrost since the official operation in January 2011.Recent monitoring results of the thermal states of foundation soils at the kilometer post(KP) 304 site along the CRCOP are presented in this paper.The results indicate that during the period from 2012 to 2014,shallow soils(at the depths from0.8 to 4.0 m from ground surface) has warmed by approximately 1.0°C in the lateral range of 1.2 to 2.1 maway from the pipeline axis,and deeper permafrost(such as at the depth of 15 m,or the depth of zero annual amplitude of ground temperatures) by 0.08°C per year 4 m away from the pipe axis,and 0.07°C per year 5 m away from the pipeline axis.The results indicate an all-season talik has developed around and along the CRCOP.The thaw bulb,with a faster lateral expansion(compared with the vertical growth),enlarges in summer and shrinks in winter.This research will provide important references and bases for evaluating thermal influences of warm pipeline on permafrost and for design,construction,operation and maintenance of pipelines in permafrost regions.

A Temperature Prediction Model for Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Thermal-circuit Theory

This paper proposed an improved temperature prediction model for oil-immersed transformer.The influences of the environmental temperature and heat-sinking capability changing with temperature were considered.When calculating the heat dissipation from the transformer tank to surroundings,the average oil temperature was selected as the node value in the thermal circuit.The new thermal models will be validated with the delivery experimental data of three transformers: a 220 kV-300 MV.A unit,a 110 kV40 MV.A unit and a 220 kV-75 MV.A unit.Meanwhile,the results from the proposed model were also compared with two methods recommended in the IEC loading guide.

Technologies for Thermal Recovery in Liaohe Oilfield

The technology level of heavy oil thermal re-covery in Liaohe Oilfield is greatly improved after more than ten years of practice,and the technology in Shuguang is symbolic.The annual heavy oil pro-duction in Shuguang has reached 196X 10*t now.

Analysis of Thermal Transfer of Reinforced Concrete Submarine Oil Tanks

-The temperature distributions obtained by different methods of analysis for solving thermal transfer of reinforced concrete (R. C.) submarine oil tanks (RCSOT), including flat wall method, cylinder wall method and finite element method, are compared with the experimental data of thermal transfer of RCSOT. The precision and scope of applicability of different methods are discussed. The principle for selecting analysis method for solving thermal transfer of RCSOT is given. The analytical and experimental temperature distributions show that the wall of RCSOT should consist of double walls and empty space between them should be filled with sand or other heat insulation materials to reduce the temperature difference of the wall and to prevent concrete from cracking.

The Hot Water Oil Expulsion Technique for Geothermal Resources

With the rapid development of Chinese petroleum industry, Oil production way of burning crude oil to produce steam need change. Heavy oil reservoir with thin layer or edgewater is unsuitable thermal recovery, electric heating leads to considerable electrical consumption, low injection water temperature decreases reservoir temperature and increased crude oil viscosity. The prolonged temperature difference break up reservoir pore throat cement and framework minerals. To improve high-capacity channel communication, we proposed geothermal oil recovery. Broad-sense abundant geothermal resources and existing injection water technique equipment are used, deep-seated high temperature liquid (oil-gas-water mixture) draws geothermal warming flowing layer to transit heat upward, decreases viscidity and increases fluidity. Reservoir temperature different offer geothermal fountain. Practicability process is analyzed. statistics and reservoir temperature variation analysis of Gudong Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, we have designed flow-chart concept for geothermal oil recovery, suggested drilling multi-branch well in heavy oil reservoir as injection-well, at the same position of geothermal fountain well, using free-pressure pump to inject hot liquid directly to aimed oil layer, made oil recovery in surrounding wells. It is proposed that geothermal oil recovery forerunner test should be first conducted in favorable blocks.

Comparative Study of the Effects of Thermal and Photochemical Accelerated Oxidations on Quality of “Green Type” and “Black Type” French Olive Oils

Oxidative stability of two commercial olive oils of different specificity (green type and black type) has been studied during thermal and photochemical accelerated processes through the evolution of quality indices. It might help to assure a good utilisation of olive oil. In most of works described in literature, they are measured individually. In this study, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been performed to emphasize their variation and describe in concise way the quality and the safety of extra-virgin olive oil after two oxidative stresses. No difference had been detected between both type oils when they are heated. Peroxides, aldehydes and conjugated dienes and trienes were formed but rapidly degraded into final oxidation compounds, mainly acid compounds. During the photochemical process, similar changes occurred slower and the green type oil had shown better stability because of its higher phenolic content. The fatty acids had been more impacted (higher disappearance of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) when the oils were heated than when irradiated. Saturated fatty acids (SFA), MUFA and PUFA were the most relevant indicators to characterize non-oxidized oils and PV characterized the early stage of oil oxidation.

塔里木盆地海相原油热裂解的阶段性特征及其意义

塔里木盆地台盆区深层油气勘探不断取得突破,原油热稳定性及其裂解特征已成为制约塔里木盆地深层下一步油气勘探与评价的瓶颈之一。本研究选择塔河地区未遭受明显次生改造原油,采用黄金管封闭体系热压模拟实验,在恒压、程序升温条件下,系统分析不同热演化阶段原油热裂解产物与残余物的分子组成。结果表明,随着热演化程度的增加,伴随着原油热裂解程度增加引起的化合物裂解、环化、芳构化作用,气体和液态烃产率呈现显著的阶段性变化,并显示不同的分子地球化学特征,据此分为3个阶段:①初始裂解期(Easy Ro<1.2%),与原始油样比较,残留产物全烃色谱特征未发生显著变化;②主裂解期(1.2%<Easy Ro<3.8%),又以Easy Ro=2.0%为界分为快速裂解阶段和缓慢裂解阶段,残留产物中正构烷烃含量逐渐降低,同时伴随低环数芳烃化合物含量的逐渐增加,而稠环芳烃含量的逐渐增加则与低环数芳烃含量逐渐减少相对应;③裂解末期(3.8%<Easy Ro<4.5%),以高含量稠环芳烃的富集为标志,其中残留物全烃色谱上以四环芳烃占绝对优势。研究结果对有效描述原油的热演化过程、明确原油不同热裂解阶段油气产物的组成和产率特征以及深层原油热稳定性评价具有重要指导意义。

稠油多轮次注采固井水泥浆体系评价与优选

在稠油多轮次注采开发过程中,井筒水泥环需承受350℃高温及多轮次温度交变,需要水泥浆体系具有良好的耐高温和抗疲劳能力。开发了4种耐高温水泥浆体系,在350℃高温循环加热的条件下,对4种水泥浆体系进行10轮次的加热,分别测定其抗压强度和弹性模量,并取样进行X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜形貌分析、纳米CT扫描测试。评价了4种水泥浆体系的抗高温循环能力,探讨了其性能变化的机理。试验结果表明,复合加砂水泥和耐高温韧性水泥可满足稠油多轮次注采开发需求,硅酸盐水泥中添加细硅粉和弹塑剂可有效改善其抗高温能力和耐疲劳能力。

稠油热采井射孔孔眼应力分析及影响因素

针对稠油热采井生产过程中,射孔井段套管频繁出现损伤断裂的问题,基于弹塑性和热力学理论,采用有限元方法建立注汽—焖井—生产过程射孔套管有限元热力学耦合模型,对各阶段射孔套管应力分布特征进行研究,并开展不同射孔参数下射孔套管强度影响规律分析。研究表明:生产过程中射孔孔眼位置出现明显应力集中现象,在温差及内外压差等共同作用下,注采前期套管应力最大可达498.16 MPa,并逐渐产生塑性失效现象,当注采作业完成时,套管塑性失效现象最严重;随着射孔相位角增大,射孔密度对Mises应力值的影响逐渐减小,而套管孔眼最大应力与射孔相位角成反比关系。该研究对延长稠油热采井射孔套管使用年限和保障正常生产作业具有十分重要的意义。

塔里木盆地塔河油田塔深5井震旦系原油地球化学特征及地质意义

塔深5(TS5)井于2021年完钻,井深9 017 m,是目前亚洲第一深井,同时也是塔里木盆地台盆区第一口在8 780~8 840 m的上震旦统白云岩段获得油气突破的钻井,也是继轮探1井寒武系盐下突破后,超深层白云岩领域的又一重大发现。为了探究其油气成因,分别对TS5井震旦系凝析油和上部奥陶系重质油,及其邻区寒武系挥发油和奥陶系凝析油进行了有机地球化学特征对比。结果表明,TS5井震旦系凝析油和白云岩储层氯仿抽提物的正构烷烃系列均分布完整,指示了其生烃母质形成于强还原环境;其与奥陶系正常油-超重质油和雅克拉地区凝析油总体具有相似的生物标志化合物和碳同位素分布特征,反映均具有相似的油源;其等效镜质体反射率(Rc)值为1.7%,成熟度高于奥陶系重质油、寒武系挥发油,与邻区凝析油相当,处于高成熟阶段。综合生物标志化合物和碳同位素证据,推测TS5井震旦系油气源来自下寒武统玉尔吐斯组,其与上覆玉尔吐斯组泥页岩构成良好的储盖组合,喜马拉雅晚期来自周边较低部位玉尔吐斯组生成的高成熟凝析油气,沿斜坡运移至震旦系白云岩构造圈闭内形成了一定规模的凝析气藏。TS5井震旦系油气突破,发现了新的含油气层系,丰富了超深层油气成藏过程,为塔里木盆地超深层勘探指明了新的探索方向。

昭通褐煤催化热溶解聚及其可溶物组成和结构特征

温和热溶是从褐煤获取可溶有机质的有效途径,然而传统热溶过程可溶物收率较低。通过共沉淀法制备了一系列Al_(2)O_(3)负载金属催化剂,考察了昭通褐煤在异丙醇中的热溶和催化热溶行为。采用XRD、H_(2)-TPR、TEM和XPS研究了催化剂的物理化学特征,利用GC/MS、FTIR和MALDI-TOF-MS分析了热溶和催化热溶可溶物的组成和结构特征。结果表明,NiCu/Al_(2)O_(3)对昭通褐煤的催化热溶活性优于其他催化剂,该催化剂中活性组分以NiCu合金的形式存在,且Ni与Cu之间存在相互作用。热溶与催化热溶可溶物收率均随温度升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,320℃可溶物收率最高,分别为27.69%和50.54%。催化剂的引入可提高昭通褐煤可溶物中油、沥青烯(AS)和前沥青烯(PAS)收率,其中油和PAS的收率提升相较AS更明显。酚类化合物是非催化热溶衍生油的主要族组分,相对含量达到64.44%,而催化热溶衍生油主要由芳烃、酚类、醇类和酮类化合物组成,说明催化剂促进了可溶有机质碎片中共价键的断裂和酚类化合物加氢。与非催化热溶得到的AS和PAS相比,催化热溶得到的AS和PAS分子量分布范围窄,且FTIR谱图中羟基和醚键对应的吸收峰变弱或消失,说明催化热溶促进了C—O键加氢裂解。催化热溶可在相对温和的条件下从煤中直接高收率获取可溶有机质,研究结果为从褐煤直接获取化学品技术的开发提供参考。

旅大特稠油储层新型完井液体系的构建与评价

旅大A油田是一个埋藏浅、油质稠、储量大的典型重质特超稠油油藏,热采开发是其有效的开发方式。稠油油藏在储层物性、流体性质及开采工艺方面与常规油藏存在较大差异,现有常规水基完井液体系无法满足需求。针对该油田稠油热采工艺,充分考虑稠油油藏储层特性、稠油预防乳化增稠和降黏促排的新需求,开展新型完井液体系的构建。通过抑制性、降黏助排性、配伍性及热采高温环境下储层保护效果的评价,建立起适用于稠油的新型有机胺完井液体系。该体系在提升稠油热采井开发储层保护效果的同时,降低完井液综合成本,为渤海油田稠油开发提质增效提供有力保障。

海上稠油油田多元热流体吞吐增产机理研究与实践

多元热流体为蒸汽、氮气、二氧化碳的高温高压混合气体,具有降低稠油黏度、提高地层压力、改善油藏剖面、提高稠油油藏开发效果等作用。多元热流体吞吐技术在海上稠油高效开发中应用广泛,随吞吐轮次增加,对多元热流体吞吐机理缺乏认知,开采效果降低。为有效提升稠油油田的开采效果,采用油藏模拟分析和多元热流体吞吐及驱替室内试验方法,探究了不同多元热流体组分对增产的贡献,进一步明晰多元热流体吞吐增产机理,为多元热流体热采方案优化设计和吞吐后开发调整提供理论指导和有效措施。试验结果表明:海上油田通过多元热流体热采示范应用,油田日产油由热采前218m^(3)·d^(-1)升至最高641m^(3)·d^(-1),增幅195%,热采效果明显。