Development of pressure control system in counter gravity casting for large thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy components

Counter gravity casting equipments(CGCE) were widely used to produce large thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy components. To improve the pressure control precision of CGCE to get high quality castings, a pressure control system based on fuzzy-PID hybrid control technology and the digital assembled valve was developed. The actual pressure tracking experiment results show that the special system by applying PID controller and fuzzy controller to varied phases, is not only able to inherit the small error and good static stability of classical PID control, but also has fuzzy control’s advantage of fully adapting itself to the object. The pressure control error is less than 0.3 kPa. By using this pressure control system, large complex thin-walled A357 aluminum alloy castings with high quality was successfully produced.

Vibrations in High Speed Milling of Thin-walled Components

Thin-walled structures have been widely used in the aerospace industry.The dynamic interaction between the milling cutter and thin-walled workpiece can easily lead to vibration.This paper investigates the vibration caused during milling the thin-walled workpiece on the NC machining center,presents a theoretical milling vibration model of thin-walled beam.The model was verified by using milling experiments and numerical simulations.Some valuable conclusions are derived,this will be references to scientific research and guides to the vibration-free milling of thin-walled structures at different cutting speeds.

全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用

目的探究全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中的临床应用。方法选取2020年6月~2023年6月间徐州市中心医院收治的58例进行上鼓室外侧壁重建的胆脂瘤患者,根据采用修复材料的不同分为对照组及观察组各29例。对照组采用耳屏软骨膜进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,观察组采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体进行上鼓室外侧壁重建,两组患者均于全耳内镜下进行手术。统计患者术中出血量、手术时间,术后3个月复查听力情况、干耳情况及耳道功能改善情况,术后随访6个月鼓膜愈合情况。结果与术前比较,术后3个月气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05),与对照组比较,观察组气导听阈、气骨导差降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组干耳率、耳道功能良好率、听力提高成功率均升高,干耳时间缩短,但耳屏愈合时间增加(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少(P<0.05);观察组、对照组术后并发症总发生率分别为13.79%、24.14%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组愈合良好率高于对照组(86.21%vs.62.07%)(P<0.05),两组患者耳膜穿孔(10.34%vs.24.14%)、鼓膜移位(3.45%vs.6.90%)及鼓膜回缩(0.00%vs.6.90%)发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体在上鼓室外侧壁重建中有利于改善患者听力,有利于术后恢复。

QTL analysis of the developmental changes in cell wall components and forage digestibility in maize(Zea mays L.)

Cell wall architecture plays a key role in stalk strength and forage digestibility.Lignin,cellulose,and hemicellulose are the three main components of plant cell walls,and they can impact stalk quality by affecting the structure and strength of the cell wall.To explore cell wall development during secondary cell wall lignification in maize stalks,conventional and conditional genetic mapping were used to identify the dynamic quantitative trait loci(QTLs)of the cell wall components and digestibility traits during five growth stages after silking.Acid detergent lignin(ADL),cellulose(CEL),acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)were evaluated in a maize recombinant inbred line(RIL)population.ADL,CEL,ADF,and NDF gradually increased from 10 to 40 days after silking(DAS),and then they decreased.IVDMD initially decreased until 40 DAS,and then it increased slightly.Seventytwo QTLs were identified for the five traits,and each accounted for 3.48–24.04%of the phenotypic variation.Six QTL hotspots were found,and they were localized in the 1.08,2.04,2.07,7.03,8.05,and 9.03 bins of the maize genome.Within the interval of the pleiotropic QTL identified in bin 1.08 of the maize genome,six genes associated with cell wall component biosynthesis were identified as potential candidate genes for stalk strength as well as cell wall-related traits.In addition,26 conditional QTLs were detected in the five stages for all of the investigated traits.Twenty-two of the 26 conditional QTLs were found at 30 DAS conditioned using the values of 20 DAS,and at 50 DAS conditioned using the values of 40 DAS.These results indicated that cell wall-related traits are regulated by many genes,which are specifically expressed at different stages after silking.Simultaneous improvements in both forage digestibility and lodging resistance could be achieved by pyramiding multiple beneficial QTL alleles identified in this study.

硅对锰-铅复合胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片细胞壁多糖组分中锰和铅含量的影响

【目的】探究不同浓度SiO_(2)对锰-铅(Mn-Pb)复合胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片细胞壁多糖组分中Mn和Pb含量的影响,为利用农艺措施治理矿区农田重金属复合污染提供理论依据。【方法】在模拟矿区重金属污染前提下,先用水培法将水稻种子培养至5叶1心期,然后用2 mmol/L Mn^(2+)+2 mmol/L Pb2+溶液复合胁迫水稻幼苗。设6个不同的SiO_(2)处理浓度:0(对照,CK)、70、90、110、130和150 mg/L。处理后提取水稻幼苗叶片细胞壁多糖组分,测定和分析其中Mn和Pb含量。【结果】施加SiO_(2)增加细胞壁多糖组分(果胶质、半纤维素和纤维素)中Mn和Pb含量。与CK相比,当SiO_(2)浓度为70~110 mg/L时,细胞壁果胶质中Mn和Pb含量较高;SiO_(2)处理下果胶质中Pb含量大于Mn含量,当SiO_(2)浓度小于90 mg/L时,水稻幼苗叶片细胞壁中Pb含量小于Mn含量。SiO_(2)浓度为110 mg/L时,在半纤维素和纤维素中Mn和Pb含量均较高;水稻幼苗叶片细胞壁半纤维素中Pb含量大于Mn含量,SiO_(2)浓度小于90 mg/L时,纤维素中Pb含量为负值。未施加SiO_(2)时,Mn和Pb的主要结合位点分别为纤维素和果胶质,施加SiO_(2)使Pb的主要结合位点转移为半纤维素。【结论】SiO_(2)能增加重金属Mn和Pb在细胞壁多糖组分中的含量。Mn-Pb复合胁迫下,SiO_(2)浓度为110 mg/L时,Mn和Pb的含量在细胞壁、果胶质、半纤维素和纤维素中均较多。

Performance index limits of high reinforced concrete shear wall components

The deformation performance index limits of high reinforced concrete （RC） shear wall components based on Chinese codes were discussed by the nonlinear finite element method. Two typical RC shear wall specimens in the previous work were first used to verify the correctness of the nonlinear finite element method. Then, the nonlinear finite element method was applied to study the deformability of a set of high RC shear wall components designed according to current Chinese codes and with shear span ratio λ≥2.0. Parametric studies were made on the influence of shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, ratio of flexural capacity to shear capacity and main flexural reinforcement ratio of confined botmdary members. Finally, the deformation performance index and its limits of high RC shear wall components under severe earthquakes were proposed by the finite element model results, which offers a reference in determining the performance status of RC shear wall components designed based on Chinese codes.

Investigation on the factors influencing the thickness distribution of superplastic-formed components

In the superplastic sheet forming process, the uniformity of the sheet's final thickness distribution is vital for ensuring the good mechanical quality of the formed components. The influences of the component shape and the contact friction on the final thickness distribution were investigated in this work by using finite element method on a series of axisymmetric models. It was concluded that shape optimization and friction elimination are required to get uniform thickness distribution, and eventually to improve the mechanical quality of the formed components. The constitutive equation of the Ti-6A1-4V superplastic material was also determined on the basis of experimental data.

Topological Optimization Method for Aeronautical Thin-Walled Component Fixture Locating Layout

Fixture locating layout has a direct and influential impact on aeronautical thin-walled component(ATWC)manufacturing quality.The purpose is to develop a topological optimization method for ATWC fixture locating layout to minimize the manufacturing deformation.Firstly,a topological optimization model that takes the stiffness of ATWC as the objective function and the volume of the locating structure as the constraint is established.Secondly,ATWC and the locating structure are regarded as an integrated entity,and the variable-density method based topological optimization approach is adopted for the optimization of the locating structure using ABAQUS topology optimization module(ATOM).Thirdly,through a subsequent model reconstruction referring to the obtained topological structure,the optimal fixture locating layout is achieved.Finally,a case study is conducted to verify the proposed method and the comparison results with firefly algorithm(FA)coupled with finite element analysis(FEA)indicate that the number and positions of the locators for ATWC can be optimized simultaneously and successfully by the proposed topological optimization model.

The Effect of Clove Essential Oil Treatment on the Cell Wall Components of Wheat Straw

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of additions of different doses of clove oil （Syzygium aromaticum L.） on cell wall component of wheat straw. For this purpose, wheat straw was treated with 100 ppm and 200 ppm clove oil and applied at two different time period （1 h and 5 h）. The microscopic analysis was made on cell wall components of untreated and treated of the straw. According to the research findings, with increasing doses and time of clove oil treatment, particularly, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） content of straw significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced, approximately at the level of 15% for NDF and 13% for ADF, respectively. The lowest NDF, ADF, acid detergent lignin （ADL） and cellulose contents were found in 200 ppm dose and 5 h period. However, the lowest stem section thickness likewise was determined in 5 h period （P 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the dose. Consequently, it could be said that the addition of clove oil have a positive influence on cell wall components and stem section thickness of wheat straw.

Domain walls and their interactions in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate

We investigate domain wall excitations in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body interactions and pair-transition effects. It is shown that domain wall excitations can be described exactly by kink and anti-kink excitations in each component. The domain wall solutions are given analytically, which exist with different conditions compared with the domain wall reported before. Bubble-droplet structure can be also obtained from the fundamental domain wall, and their interactions are investigated analytically. Especially, domain wall interactions demonstrate some striking particle transition dynamics. These striking transition effects make the domain wall admit quite different collision behavior, in contrast to the collision between solitons or other nonlinear waves. The collisions between kinks induce some phase shift, which makes the domain wall change greatly. Their collisions can be elastic or inelastic with proper combination of fundamental domain walls. These characters can be used to manipulate one domain wall by interacting with other ones.

Preparation and modulation of a novel thin-walled carbon foam

By foaming and carbonization processes under atmospheric pressure, a novel thin-walled carbon foam with developed foam structure was successfully prepared from loose medium component(LMC) separated from raw coal by extraction and back-extraction method. The influences of foaming time, carbonization time, and micromolecule content on foam structure were investigated by scanning electron microscope and mercury injection data. Moreover, foaming mechanism of LMC was analyzed and expounded. The results showed that spherical pores and uniform ultrathin pore walls constitute threedimensional foam structure of carbon foam and foam structure is developed with well connectivity.The effects of foaming time, carbonization time, and micromolecule content on foam structure are significant. Especially, average pore diameters of carbon foams prepared from the extracts of LMC are much smaller. With the rise of extraction rate, average pore diameter decreases and pore size distribution is more concentrated on the aperture section of 0–10 μm.

Flow behavior in microchannel made of different materials with wall slip velocity and electro-viscous effects

In a microfluidic system, flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in a microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to joint action of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is an important topic. This paper presents an analytic solution of pressuredriven liquid flow velocity and flow-induced electric field in a two-dimensional microchannel made of different materials with wall slip and electro-viscous effects. The Poisson- Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved for the analytic solutions. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. It was found that the wall slip amplifies the fow-induced electric field and enhances the electro-viscous effect on flow. Thus the electro-viscous effect can be significant in a relatively wide microchannel with relatively large kh, the ratio of channel width to thickness of electric double layer, in comparison with the channel without wall slip.

Determination of <i>α</i>-1,3-Linked Mannose Residue in the Cell Wall Mannan of <i>Candida tropicalis</i>NBRC 1400 Strain

To investigate the chemical structure of cell wall mannan obtained from pathogenic yeast, Candida tropicalis NBRC 1400 (former antigenic standard strain, IFO 1400). As a result of two-dimensional NMR analysis, it was shown that the mannan of this strain is composed of α-1,6-, α-1,3-, α-1,2- and β-1,2-linked mannose residues. In this research, the mannan was subjected to three degradation procedures, acid-treatment, α-mannosidase, and acetolysis under two conditions in order to determine the chemical structure of the antigenic oligomannosyl side chains in this molecule. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of resultant oligosaccharides, pentaose and hexaose, demonstrated the existence of the oligomannosyl side chains corresponding to Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man and Manα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, which have previously also been found in Candida albicans serotype A strain mannans. These findings indicate that C. tropicalis and C. albicans serotype A have no significant difference in the chemical structure of these cell wall mannans. Therefore, it can be interpreted that it is extremely difficult to distinguish both species by targeting the antigenic group in these mannans.

Optimization of Culture Components for Laccase Activity from Pleurotus Ostreatus P40 Using Response Surface Methodology

High enzymatic activity is required for laccase applications.Central composite design （CCD）-based response surface methodology （RSM） can effectively increase the enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus P40 in liquid substrate fermentation.Initial screening of the nutritional components was performed using a Plackett-Burman design.The variables,namely,bran,bagasse,Tween 80,and yeast extract,were found to have statistically significant effects on laccase activity.These variables were further optimized using CCD-based RSM.Optimal concentrations for the maximum laccase activity were 8.144 2 g/L bran,50 g/L bagasse,0.424 1 mL/L Tween 80,and 2.832 5 g/L yeast extract.Under optimized conditions,the maximum measured laccase activity reached 96 480 U/L,which was close to the predicted value （104 830 U/L） by RSM.Therefore,RSM can be used to optimize culture components for laccase activity from Pieurotus ostreatus P40.

Structural model for the first wall W-based material in ITER project

The preparation, characterization, and test of the first wall materials designed to be used in the fusion reactor have remained challenging problems in the material science. This work uses the firstprinciples method as implemented in the CASTEP package to study the influ ences of the doped titanium carbide on the structural sta bility of the WTiC material. The calculated total energy and enthalpy have been used as criteria to judge the structural models built with consideration of symmetry. Our simulation indicates that the doped TiC tends to form its own domain up to the investigated nanoscale, which implies a possible phase separation. This result reveals the intrinsic reason for the composite nature of the WTiC material and provides an explanation for the experimen tally observed phase separation at the nanoscale. Our approach also sheds a light on explaining the enhancing effects of doped components on the durability, reliability, corrosion resistance, etc., in many special steels.

基于Grasshopper及Rhino-inside插件的纵肋叠合剪力墙参数化快速建模

结构工程师在装配式的项目中,需要绘制竖向构件的详图,在目前能够绘制构件详图的软件中,并没有针对纵肋叠合剪力墙新体系的模块,此项工作耗费了很多精力,故考虑将参数化建模与装配式相结合。在BIM参数化研究中,多为幕墙和网壳结构的建模应用,在构件层面的应用较少。本文利用Grasshopper,调整少量参数,实现快速建模,通过Rhino-inside插件,建立Rhino和REVIT软件之间的联系,将犀牛软件中的模型转换为REVIT模型。实现快速绘制纵肋叠合剪力墙的构件详图,并将构件的信息参数化,可视化,传递给构件厂,便于预制构件的深化和生产,全过程节省了很多人力,大大提升了效率,为装配式新体系的构件生产提供参考。

SECOND-MOMENT CLOSURE FOR MODELLING THE NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE IN 3D MEAN FLOWS

A second-moment closure for the near-wall turbulence is proposed. The limiting behaviour of this closure near a wall is consistent with that of the exact Reynolds-stress transport equations, and it converts asymptotically into a high- Reynolds-number closure remote from the wall. The closure is applied to a pressure- driven 3D transient channel flow. The predicted results are in fair agreement with the DNS data.

基于板-梁理论的三角形薄壁梁扭转振动能量方程与有限元验证

以三角形薄壁梁作为研究对象,基于板-梁理论研究三角形薄壁梁扭转振动.依据Timoshenke梁和Kirchhoff板力学模型,求出三角形薄壁梁的总应变能和扭转刚度;把截面位移分量带入动能方程,建立三角形薄壁梁总势能方程,并求得两边简支的三角形薄壁梁扭转振动频率的理论解.采用ANSYS模拟相同条件下的三角形薄壁简支梁,求解得到扭转振动频率,并与本文理论公式进行对比分析,验证了本文理论公式的正确性.

钛合金薄壁构件快速加热冷模热冲压成形技术进展

为了解决钛合金薄壁构件热成形效率低、成本高、组织性能控制难度大等问题,近年来钛合金冷模热冲压成形技术受到关注。在该新技术中利用室温模具对加热后的钛合金板材进行快速冲压成形和模内快速冷却,由于取消了模具加热,可以变革性地提高钛合金薄壁构件成形效率、降低成本。然而,与传统等温成形不同,在冷模热冲压成形过程中,钛合金板材温度不断下降,这对钛合金成形极限、回弹及组织性能等的控制提出了全新的挑战。分析了钛合金薄壁构件冷模热冲压成形技术特点及存在的问题,归纳了快速加热对钛合金组织性能的影响规律,综述了钛合金薄壁构件快速加热冷模热冲压成形工艺进展,最后对该技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。

探讨能谱计算机断层(CT)联合磁共振(MR)高分辨率管壁成像(HR-VWI)对颈动脉斑块成分的评估价值

目的探讨能谱计算机断层(CT)联合磁共振(MR)高分辨率管壁成像(HR-VWI)对颈动脉斑块成分的评估价值。方法回顾性分析82例采取颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗的颈动脉粥样硬化患者病历资料,均于术前行颈动脉能谱CT与MR HR-VWI检查,并以病理结果为参照,分析此二者单独及联合评估颈动脉斑块成分的价值。结果82例患者,经术后病理学检查分析,共获得斑块194处,其中钙化斑块、纤维基质、血栓样组织及脂质分别为35处、55、44、60处;能谱CT检查出钙化斑块、纤维基质、血栓样组织及脂质分别有30、41、34、56处,MR HR-VWI检查出上述斑块成分分别有27、48、38、45处,能谱CT联合MR HR-VWI检查出上述斑块成分分别有34、54、43、59处;钙化斑块、纤维基质、血栓样组织及脂质中的CT值、有效原子序数、能谱曲线斜率,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);能谱CT检查钙化斑块、纤维基质、血栓样组织、脂质成分与病理学检查结果的符合率分别为82.86%、74.55%、75.00%、88.33%,MR HR-VWI检查上述各斑块成分与病理学结果的符合率分别为77.14%、83.64%、81.82%、75.00%,能谱CT联合MR HRVWI联合与病理学结果的符合率分别为97.14%、96.36%、95.45%、98.33%,联合检查符合率均高于各自单独检查(P<0.05)。结论能谱CT与MR HRVWI均可有效分析颈动脉钙化斑块、纤维基质、血栓样组织及脂质成分,且此二者联合对颈动脉斑块成分的评估价值更高。