Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A ...Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.This effector was a required factor for full virulence of V.dahliae,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant immunity.The thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of VdCE51.Our findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.展开更多
文章先是阐述了能见度值在飞行指挥工作中的重要性,从能见度设备的测量原理上描述了飞虫类等对能见度测量值的影响。结合TR30LED大气透射仪的组成结构,深入分析飞虫、飞鸟活动如何导致其测量值异常变化,列举了对此类影响的各项常规防控...文章先是阐述了能见度值在飞行指挥工作中的重要性,从能见度设备的测量原理上描述了飞虫类等对能见度测量值的影响。结合TR30LED大气透射仪的组成结构,深入分析飞虫、飞鸟活动如何导致其测量值异常变化,列举了对此类影响的各项常规防控手段和措施,并通过设计开发技防措施和装置来进行防控,对TR30LED大气透射仪的飞虫飞鸟影响起到了积极的防护作用。This article first elaborates on the importance of visibility values in flight command work, and describes the impact of flying insects and other factors on visibility measurement values from the measurement principle of visibility equipment. Based on the composition and structure of the TR30LED atmospheric transmittance meter, this article deeply analyzes how the activities of flying insects and birds cause abnormal changes in their measurement values. Various conventional prevention and control measures for such effects are listed, and technical prevention measures and devices are designed and developed to prevent and control the impact of flying insects and birds on the TR30LED atmospheric transmittance meter, playing a positive protective role.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0112500)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shannxi Province(2024JCYBMS-183).We thank Professor Hui-shan Guo from the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing the pNat-Tef-TrpC and pGKO-HPT vector,and Dr.Siwei Zhang from Northwest A&F University for providing the pER8-NeYFP,pER8-CeYFP,and pGEX-4T-1 vectors.
文摘Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.This effector was a required factor for full virulence of V.dahliae,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant immunity.The thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of VdCE51.Our findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.
文摘文章先是阐述了能见度值在飞行指挥工作中的重要性,从能见度设备的测量原理上描述了飞虫类等对能见度测量值的影响。结合TR30LED大气透射仪的组成结构,深入分析飞虫、飞鸟活动如何导致其测量值异常变化,列举了对此类影响的各项常规防控手段和措施,并通过设计开发技防措施和装置来进行防控,对TR30LED大气透射仪的飞虫飞鸟影响起到了积极的防护作用。This article first elaborates on the importance of visibility values in flight command work, and describes the impact of flying insects and other factors on visibility measurement values from the measurement principle of visibility equipment. Based on the composition and structure of the TR30LED atmospheric transmittance meter, this article deeply analyzes how the activities of flying insects and birds cause abnormal changes in their measurement values. Various conventional prevention and control measures for such effects are listed, and technical prevention measures and devices are designed and developed to prevent and control the impact of flying insects and birds on the TR30LED atmospheric transmittance meter, playing a positive protective role.
