Myricetin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating Th1/Th2 balance

Objective:To evaluate the effect of myricetin on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Methods:Mice were sensitized and challenged using OVA(5%,500 mL)intraperitoneally and intranasally,respectively,on an alternative day for 14 days,followed by administration of myricetin(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)till day 21.Nasal symptoms,biochemical parameters,protein expressions,and histopathology were observed.Results:OVA-induced increased nasal symptoms including rubbing,sneezing,and discharge were significantly reduced by myricetin(100and 200 mg/kg)(P<0.05).Myricetin also protected against histamine challenge and attenuated elevated serum immunoglobulin E(IgE;total and OVA-specific),total IgG1,andβ-hexosaminidase levels,as well as leukotriene C4 and interleukins levels in nasal lavage fluid(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that myricetin significantly upregulated the protein expression of T-box expressed in T cells,while downregulating the protein expression of GATA binding protein 3,NF-κB,and IκB-α(P<0.05).Additionally,OVA-induced histopathological abberations in the nasal mucosa was markedly ameliorated by myricetin treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions:Myricetin exerts anti-allergic effects against OVAinduced allergic rhinitis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on Th1/Th2 balance in cough variant asthma mice

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were divided into Control,CVA,Prednisone Acetate,Glycyrrhetinic Acid high-dose,Glycyrrhetinic Acid middle-dose and Glycyrrhetinic Acid lowdose groups randomly,with 8 mice in each group.The CVA mice model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and OVA challenge,the animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration,and the index of the lung of mice were recorded.The level of OVAsIgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was tested by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.The protein expressions of T-bet,IFN-γ,Gata3,IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with the CVA group,the index of lung of mice,the OVA-sIgE level in BALF and expression levels of Th2-related factor in the lung tissue of mice in Prednisone Acetate and Glycyrrhetinic Acid groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue was reduced,while expressions of Th1-related factor in the lung tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid has therapeutic effect on CVA mice,the underlying mechanism of Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviating lung impairment and airway inflammation may be associated with mediating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the lung tissue.

Incentive-compatible and budget balanced AGV mechanism for peer-to-peer energy trading in smart grids

Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is designing a safe,efficient,and transparent trading model and operating mechanism.In this study,we consider a P2P trading environment based on blockchain technology,where prosumers can submit bids or offers without knowing the reports of others.We propose an Arrow-d’Aspremont-Gerard-Varet(AGV)-based mechanism to encourage prosumers to submit their real reserve price and determine the P2P transaction price.We demonstrate that the AGV mechanism can achieve Bayesian incentive compatibility and budget balance.Kernel density estimation(KDE)is used to derive the prior distribution from the historical bid/offer information of the agents.Case studies are carried out to analyze and evaluate the proposed mechanism.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in guiding agents to report the true reserve price while maximizing social welfare.Moreover,we discuss the advantages of budget balance for decentralized trading by comparing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)and AGV mechanisms.

SH2B1 regulation of energy balance, body weight, and glucose metabolism

The Src homology 2B(SH2B)family members(SH2B1,SH2B2 and SH2B3)are adaptor signaling proteins containing characteristic SH2 and PH domains.SH2B1(also called SH2-B and PSM)and SH2B2(also called APS)are able to form homo-or hetero-dimers via their N-terminal dimerization domains.Their C-terminal SH2 domains bind to tyrosyl phosphorylated proteins,including Janus kinase 2(JAK2),TrkA,insulin receptors,insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors,insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS1),and IRS2.SH2B1 enhances leptin signaling by both stimulating JAK2 activity and assembling a JAK2/IRS1/2 signaling complex.SH2B1 promotes insulin signaling by both enhancing insulin receptor catalytic activity and protecting against dephosphorylation of IRS proteins.Accordingly,genetic deletion of SH2B1 results in severe leptin resistance,insulin resistance,hyperphagia,obesity,and type 2 diabetes in mice.Neuronspecific overexpression of SH2B1βtransgenes protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.SH2B1 in pancreaticβcells promotesβcell expansion and insulin secretion to counteract insulin resistance in obesity.Moreover,numerous SH2B1 mutations are genetically linked to leptin resistance,insulin resistance,obesity,and type 2 diabetes in humans.Unlike SH2B1,SH2B2 and SH2B3 are not required for the maintenance of normal energy and glucose homeostasis.The metabolic function of the SH2B family is conserved from insects to humans.

Ribavirin contributes to eradicate hepatitis C virus through polarization of T helper 1/2 cell balance into T helper 1 dominance

The mechanism of action of ribavirin(RBV) as an immunomodulatory and antiviral agent and its clinical significance in the future treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection are reviewed.RBV up-regulates type 1 and/or 2 cytokines to modulate the T helper(Th) 1/2 cell balance to Th1 dominance.Examination of co-stimulatory signaling indicated that RBV down-modulates inducible co-stimulator on Th cells,which contributes to differentiating na?ve Th cells into Th2 cells while reducing their interleukin-10 production.The effects on T-regulatory(Treg) cells were also investigated,and RBV inhibited the differentiation of na?ve Th cells into adaptive Treg cells by downmodulating forkhead box-P3.These findings indicate that RBV mainly down-regulates the activity of Th2 cells,resulting in the maintenance of Th1 activity that contributes to abrogating HCV-infected hepatocytes.Although an interferon-free treatment regimen exhibits almost the same efficacy without serious complications,regimens with RBV will be still be used because of their ability to facilitate the cellular immune response,which may contribute to reducing the development of hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients infected with HCV.

秸秆还田配施氮肥对黑土玉米田土壤CO_(2)排放与碳平衡的影响

为探寻不同秸秆还田方式配施氮肥对黑土玉米田土壤CO_(2)排放与碳平衡的影响,于2023年开展大田试验,设置秸秆离田(S0,对照)、秸秆覆盖还田(S1)、秸秆旋耕还田(S2)3种秸秆还田方式,同时设置常规施加氮肥(N,250kg/hm^(2))与不施加氮肥(W,0kg/hm^(2),对照)2种施氮模式,共计6个处理。测定不同处理下玉米生育期土壤CO_(2)排放通量以及玉米收获后土壤有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)含量,探究土壤CO_(2)累积排放量与SOC、DOC、MBC含量的关系,并分析黑土玉米田生态系统碳平衡状况。结果表明:各处理中土壤CO_(2)累积排放量从大到小依次为S2N、S1N、S0N、S2W、S1W、S0W,其中S2N处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量较S0W处理显著增加70.31%(P<0.05)。在相同施氮模式下,秸秆还田能够有效增加SOC、DOC、MBC含量,且土壤CO_(2)累积排放量与SOC、DOC、MBC含量呈正相关关系。不同秸秆还田方式配施氮肥下,S1N处理玉米产量最高,为13534.4kg/hm^(2),作物碳排放速率最低,为0.122kg/kg。不同秸秆还田方式配施氮肥下黑土玉米田生态系统碳平衡值均为正值,表现为较强的碳“汇”,其中S1N处理碳平衡值和土壤固碳潜力最大,较其他处理分别增加13.12%~94.05%、3.49%~25.32%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,秸秆覆盖还田+常规施氮(S1N处理)可以实现黑土玉米田土壤固碳减排和作物增产目的。

All-transRetinoic Acid Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in CD4+T cells When GATA-3 is Deficient

The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on ThloTh2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Thl-Th2 balance under a strong Thl-polarizing condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite allotrans retinoic acid （ATRA） on ThloTh2 differentiation in CD4~ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Thl-polarizing condition. In the present study, GATA-3 deficiency T cells were induced by siRNA and checked by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. GATA-3 deficiency CD4＋ T cells and normal CD4＋ T were treated for 48 h with or without ATRA.

酸化对水稻-土壤系统氮分配和N_(2)O排放的影响

为研究土壤酸化对水稻-土壤系统氮转化、分配和氮损失的影响,以水稻-土壤系统为研究对象,设置中性(pH 7,CK)、弱酸(pH 6,T1)、中强酸(pH 5,T2)和强酸(pH 4,T3)4个土壤递增酸度处理,比较了不同酸度下水稻产量、氮素积累量、氮代谢酶活性、氮素利用效率、氮平衡和N_(2)O排放等指标的差异。结果表明,随着土壤酸度增加,水稻植株氮素积累、利用效率和产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。相关性分析表明,拔节期氮素积累量与叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)以及茎秆中GS和GOGAT活性呈显著正相关;开花期氮素积累量与穗中的NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH活性呈显著正相关。T1、T2和T3处理N_(2)O累积排放量与CK处理相比分别降低20.3%、58.0%和76.7%;单位产量下的N_(2)O排放量呈现递减的趋势。氮平衡分析表明,相比于CK处理,T2和T3处理氮素表观损失分别降低15.8%和21.1%,水稻氮吸收量分别降低1.5%和15.3%,土壤无机氮残留量分别增加41.2%和88.2%,氮素盈余率分别提高2.2个和7.1个百分点。土壤酸化至中强酸和强酸时,会分别通过抑制水稻拔节期茎叶和开花期穗部的氮代谢过程降低氮素积累量、利用效率和产量。土壤酸化会降低稻田N_(2)O累积排放量,同时也会降低单位产量N_(2)O排放量。此外,中强酸和强酸度土壤还会通过降低水稻氮吸收量和增加播前土壤无机氮量,提高土壤无机氮残留量和氮素盈余率,增加环境风险。

Construction of a Pillared-layer Framework Based on Charge Balance:CO2 Adsorption and Luminescence

Via the strategy of charge balance,one new pillared layered metal-organic framework [Zn2（TNB）（2-nim）]（H3TNB = 4,4？,4？？-nitrilotribenzoicacid,2-nim = 2-nitroimidazole）（1） was successfully synthesized based on mixed ligands,where binuclear [Zn2（CO2）3]~＋ cluster-based cationic layers [Zn2（TNB）]~＋ are connected by deprotonated 2-nitroimidazole.Meanwhile,CO2 adsorption bahaviors and luminescent property of compound 1 were investigated.

眼球运动训练对2型糖尿病轻度认知功能障碍的疗效观察

目的探讨眼球运动训练对2型糖尿病轻度认知功能障碍患者认知功能与平衡能力的影响。方法采用便利抽样的方法选取2021年8月至2022年6月内分泌科进行治疗的62例2型糖尿病伴轻度认知障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组31例。对照组采取常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上进行8周眼球运动训练。比较干预前后2组Berg平衡量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量评分以及连线测试-B用时、错误次数。结果组间比较,经过8周眼球运动训练试验组认知功能、平衡能力评分高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组连线测试-B用时少于对照组(P<0.05)。组内比较,经过8周眼球运动训练试验组认知功能、平衡能力评分高于干预前(P<0.05);试验组连线测试-B用时少于干预前(P<0.05)。结论眼球运动训练有助于延缓2型糖尿病轻度认知功能障碍患者认知功能减退,提高患者平衡能力。

中药熏洗配合平衡椅子操对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者下肢肌力及平衡功能的影响

目的观察中药熏洗配合平衡椅子操对老年糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者下肢肌力及平衡功能的影响。方法2020年7月—2023年7月于江苏省中医院收治的120例老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并DPN患者,随机分为研究组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。对照组进行平衡椅子操训练,研究组在对照组的基础上联合中药熏洗。治疗8周后,比较2组的疗效、下肢肌力、平衡功能以及不良反应。结果治疗8周后,研究组总有效率高于对照组(75.00%vs 90.00%,P=0.031)。与对照组相比,研究组腓肠肌、胫骨前肌和股四头肌治疗前后的肌力差值较大;研究组起立-行走计时测试和单腿站立测试治疗前后的差值较大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(6.67%vs 5.00%,P=0.697)。结论中药熏洗配合平衡椅子操可能改善老年T2DM合并DPN患者的下肢肌力与平衡功能。

A New Material Balance Equation Model for Analyzing Dynamic Performance of C_2 Flooding

Implementing a CO2 flooding scheme successfully requires the capacity to get accurate information of reservoir dynamic performance and fluids injected. Despite some numerical simulation studies, the complicated drive mechanisms and actual reservoir performance have not been fully understood. There is a strong need to develop models from different perspectives to complement current simulators and provide valuable insights into the reservoir performance during CO2 flooding. The aim of this study is to develop a model by using an improved material balance equation （MBE） to analyze quickly the performance of CO2 flooding. After matching the historical field data the proposed model can be used to evaluate, monitor and predict the overall reservoir dynamic performance during CO2 flooding. In order to account accurately for the complex displacement process involving compositional effect and multiphase flow, the PVT properties and flowability of reservoir fluids are incorporated in the model. This study investigates the effects of a number of factors, such as reservoir pressure, the amount of CO2 injected, the CO2 partition ratios in reservoir fluids, the possibility of the existence of a free CO2 gas cap, the proportion of reservoir fluids contacted with CO2, the starting time of CO2 flooding, oil swelling, and oil flowability improvement by mixing with CO2. The model was used to analyze the CO2 flooding project in Weyburn oil field, Saskatchewan, Canada. This study shows that the proposed model is an effective complementary tool to analyze and monitor the overall reservoir performance during CO2 flooding.

Steel's CO_2 balance—a contribution to climate protection

Steel making is energy and material intensive.That is why steel is always demonized and confronted with incriminations and requirements for reduction of its environmental impact.Those pure demands-like for emission trading are short-sighted as they do not base on an integrated approach.Instead they merely consider CO_2 emissions during the production process.A forward-looking,global climate and environmental policy needs a sustainable life cycle approach.Therefore it must for example also take into account the contribution of steel towards cutting emissions in its application-in the energy.automotive and household sectors.Steel will play a key role in climate protection. One-third of the remaining CO_2 reduction target planned in Germany by 2020 can only be achieved with the help of innovative steel products and their applications.This is the conclusion of an independent study by The Boston Consulting Group(BCG) on behalf of Steel Institute VDEh,and German Steel Federation.The study compares CO_2 savings from important innovative steel applications(such as more efficient power stations,wind turbines,or lighter vehicles) with CO_2 emissions caused by steel production. By adopting this comprehensive perspective,the study for the first time provides a CO_2 balance for the material steel by comparing the CO_2 reductions made possible through innovative steel applications with the CO_2 emissions resulting from steel production.The balance was calculated on the basis of eight selected innovative steel applications in Germany for the period 2007 to 2020,whereby the CO_2 emissions caused by steel production were considered throughout the entire life cycle of the particular steel use.For the selected examples,the use of innovative steels resulted in a total savings potential of 74 Mt of CO_2 in 2020.The calculations are based on conservative assumptions;for example without counting of potentials by exported steel or by comparison with competitive materials. The production of steel in Germany,including the extraction of raw materials,transports and further processing, causes annual emissions of approx.67 Mt CO_2 This can be more than compensated by the above mentioned CO_2 savings.The balance is even more positive if one only considers the emissions of about 12 Mt/a CO_2 caused by the selected eight steel applications.Innovative steel use thus saves six times as much CO_2 as is generated by its production. Steel is part of the story and helps to achieve CO_2 reduction targets.On this basis the steel industry should start up with a new global approach to be accepted as a CO_2 killer,too,instead of being the devil.This needs a political discussion on an integrated approach taking into account the whole life cycle,which finally can lead away from stringent emission caps or incompatible emissions trading systems for the different regions.

Effect of Th1/Th2 balance on serum prostaglandin,COX-2,AVP and OT in primary dysmenorrhea rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:Explore the role of Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea through study the effect of Th1/Th2 balance drift on serum prostaglandin F_(2α),prostaglandin,6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Primary Dysmenorrhea Rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.Method:The rat model of primary dysmenorrhea with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome was established.On the basis of this model,Th1 shift model and Th2 shift model were established.The rats were divided into blank group,model group,Th1 shifting group and Th2 shifting group.The writhing reaction of rats in each group was compared,and the contents of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in serum were detected.Results:Writhing latency:There was no significant difference between Th1 and Th2 shifting groups(P>0.05),Th2 shifting group was shorter than Th1 shifting group(P<0.05).Writhing times in 30 minutes:Compared with the model group,the writhing times of Th1 shifting group decreased significantly(P<0.01),while Th2 shifting group increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the blank group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2 and AVP in Th1 shifting group were decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were increased(P<0.01),while the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Th2 shifting group were increased(P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The intervention of Th1/Th2 cell balance on the expression of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT may be one of the pathogenesis of PD with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.

裂缝作用下CO_(2)吞吐动用基质页岩油特征

为明确裂缝作用下CO_(2)吞吐过程中基质页岩油的动用特征,通过采用实时在线称质量方法和核磁共振成像技术,研究了裂缝作用下不同混相压力、基质长度以及基质渗透率对CO_(2)吞吐效果的影响,并建立了注CO_(2)提高基质页岩油动用程度的吞吐方法。结果表明:CO_(2)在非混相、多次接触混相和一次接触混相压力下首轮吞吐动用基质深度分别为12.0、22.5、36.5 mm,累计吞吐采收率逐渐升高;但当压力大于多次接触混相压力后,累计吞吐采收率提高幅度减小;采用逐级增大衰竭压差的吞吐方式,能够弥补基质长度增加对吞吐采收率造成的不利影响,提高大尺寸基质原油的动用深度和动用程度;当裂缝密度保持不变时,基质渗透率的降低会导致累计吞吐采收率减小,且裂缝对吞吐采收率的影响程度降低;虽然增加吞吐次数和闷井时间可以提高低渗透率基质的动用程度,但提高裂缝密度、减小基质原油尺寸才是最有效的提高低渗透基质动用程度的开发方式。研究成果可为提高裂缝作用下页岩油CO_(2)吞吐采收率提供借鉴。

Three-dimensional nonlinear H_2/H_∞ guidance law based upon approach of solving the state feedback Nash balance point

Based upon the theory of the nonlinear quadric two-person nonzero-sum differential game,the fact that the time-limited mixed H2/H∞ control problem can be turned into the problem of solving the state feedback Nash balance point is mentioned. Upon this,a theorem about the solution of the state feedback control is given,the Lyapunov stabilization of the nonlinear system under this control is proved,too. At the same time,this solution is used to design the nonlinear H2/H∞ guidance law of the relative motion between the missile and the target in three-dimensional(3D) space. By solving two coupled Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential inequalities(HJPDI),a control with more robust stabilities and more robust performances is obtained. With different H∞ performance indexes,the correlative weighting factors of the control are analytically designed. At last,simulations under different robust performance indexes and under different initial conditions and under the cases of intercepting different maneuvering targets are carried out. All results indicate that the designed law is valid.

基于IL-6/STAT3和IL-2/STAT5信号通路探讨伏九贴敷药物调控Th17/Treg免疫平衡的抗哮喘作用机制

目的考察伏九贴敷药物(白芥子、甘遂、延胡索、细辛组成)通过IL-6/信号转导器和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、IL-2/信号转导器和转录激活因子5(STAT5)信号通路对哮喘大鼠CD4+T辅助细胞17(Th17)/CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的调节作用,揭示其抗哮喘的作用机制。方法采用卵白蛋白(OVA)和氢氧化铝混合液致敏激发造模,然后于大鼠大椎穴、肺俞穴和肾俞穴敷上伏九贴敷药物,每次贴敷4 h,隔日1次,共给药7次。采用免疫组化检测肺组织Th17特异细胞因子IL-17、Treg转录因子Foxp3的阳性表达;流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17、Treg细胞比例;免疫蛋白印迹法检测肺组织IL-6/STAT3和IL-2/STAT5通路相关蛋白的表达。结果与模型组比较,伏九贴敷组大鼠肺中IL-17的阳性表达量明显减少(P<0.01),Foxp3的阳性表达明显增加(P<0.05);同时IL-6蛋白和STAT3磷酸化蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),而IL-2蛋白和STAT5磷酸化蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),但总STAT3和STAT5蛋白表达均没有明显变化(P>0.05)。此外,伏九贴敷组大鼠外周血中Th17细胞比例低于模型组,而Treg细胞比例高于模型组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论哮喘大鼠存在Th17/Treg免疫失衡,伏九贴敷药物可通过抑制哮喘大鼠IL-6表达,下调磷酸化STAT3的表达,降低产生IL-17的Th17细胞水平;同时增加IL-2表达,介导STAT5磷酸化,升高表达Foxp3的Treg细胞水平,促进Th17/Treg趋于平衡,抑制大鼠哮喘免疫应答,从而发挥抗哮喘效应。

基于Notch信号通路探讨芪蛭皱肺颗粒对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠Th1/Th2免疫平衡的调节机制

目的探讨果蝇双翅边缘缺刻同源基因(Notch)信号通路在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)辅助性T细胞1(Helper T cells 1,Th1)和辅助性T细胞2(Helper T cells 2,Th2)失衡中的作用及芪蛭皱肺颗粒的干预机制。方法70只Wistar大鼠随机挑选10只作为空白对照组,其余大鼠均采用香烟烟雾(CS)联合气管滴注脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)法建立COPD模型,空白对照组及造模组各随机挑选3只大鼠验证造模是否成功。造模结束进行灌胃给药干预,造模组大鼠随机分为模型对照组、阳性对照组(67.5μg·kg^(-1))及芪蛭皱肺颗粒高中低剂量组(3.24、1.62、0.81 g·kg^(-1)),分别给予生理盐水、醋酸地塞米松混悬液、芪蛭皱肺高、中、低剂量混悬液进行灌胃干预,空白对照组同模型对照组,灌胃等体积生理盐水。经28天造模及28天治疗后,采用动物肺功能测试系统检测吸气峰流速(Peak Inspiratory Flow,PIF)和呼气峰流速(Peak Expiratory Flow,PEF),处死大鼠提取肺脏、脾脏、血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),苏木素-伊红(HE)染色评价肺组织病理变化,酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)测定血清及BALF中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,流式细胞仪检测脾脏Th1/Th2细胞水平,免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织Notch1、Hes家族发状分裂相关增强子1(Hes1)、Hey家族发状分裂相关增强子1(Hey1)蛋白水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)检测肺组织Notch1、Hes1、Hey1基因表达水平。结果与空白对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠肺功能显著降低(P<0.05),肺组织出现炎性细胞浸润、支气管结构破坏等病变,血清及BALF中TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05),脾Th1细胞百分比显著降低(P<0.05),Th2细胞百分比显著升高(P<0.05),肺组织Notch1、Hes1、Hey1蛋白及mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义;与模型对照组比较,各给药组大鼠肺功能显著升高(P<0.05),肺组织病理损伤均有所减轻,血清及BALF中TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05),脾Th1细胞百分比显著升高(P<0.05),Th2细胞百分比显著降低(P<0.05),肺组织Notch1、Hes1、Hey1蛋白及mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义。结论芪蛭皱肺颗粒通过抑制Notch信号通路调节Th1/Th2平衡,从而改善COPD大鼠肺功能及病理损伤,影响其免疫功能。

冲击电弧作用下C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)气体灭弧性能仿真分析

C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体是目前最有潜力替代SF 6的气体之一。为了探讨C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的灭弧能力,文中根据电弧能量平衡理论,建立电弧能量平衡方程组,获取管道内部超压随时间的变化规律。同时,基于磁流体动力学模型,使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立压爆气流防雷间隙灭弧结构的二维磁流体模型,在雷电流幅值为4 kA的条件下,对管道内不同比例C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体在冲击电弧作用下的熄弧特性进行仿真分析。基于上述方法,结合电弧能量平衡理论,分析模型中电导率、速度以及压强的变化规律。与理论结果对比分析得出:同一工况条件下,20%C_(4)F_(7)N/80%CO_(2)的灭弧性能较优,其次为10%C_(4)F_(7)N/90%CO_(2)与5%C_(4)F_(7)N/95%CO_(2),并且熄弧时间符合气吹灭弧的要求。

花青素调节JAK2/STAT3信号通路对自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠Th17/Treg平衡的影响

目的:探讨花青素对自身免疫性心肌炎(AE)大鼠T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)平衡及Janus激酶2/信号转导和转录激活因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的影响。方法:将60只SD大鼠分为对照(NC)组、模型(Model)组、花青素组(50 mg/kg花青素)、STAT3激活剂Colivelin组(1 mg/kg Colivelin)、花青素+Colivelin组(50 mg/kg花青素+1 mg/kg Colivelin),每组12只。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清炎性因子水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测心肌病理变化;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)染色检测心肌细胞凋亡;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)检测脾脏维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt(RORγt)、叉头蛋白p3(Foxp3)mRNA表达情况;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测心肌JAK2/STAT3通路相关蛋白表达。结果:Model组心肌明显坏死和水肿,大量炎性细胞浸润;花青素组心肌无明显的坏死和细胞肿胀;Colivelin组心肌损伤加重;与花青素组相比,花青素+Colivelin组大鼠炎性细胞浸润现象增加。与NC组相比,Model组白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23水平、RORγt mRNA水平、Th17细胞水平、Th17/Treg比例、心肌细胞凋亡率及磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)/STAT3、磷酸化JAK2(p-JAK2)/JAK2比例明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10、IL-4水平、Treg细胞水平、Foxp3 mRNA水平明显下降(P<0.05);与Model组比较,花青素组IL-17、IL-23水平、RORγt mRNA水平、Th17细胞水平、Th17/Treg比例、心肌细胞凋亡率以及p-STAT3/STAT3、p-JAK2/JAK2比例明显下降(P<0.05),IL-10、IL-4水平、Treg细胞水平、Foxp3 mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05);Colivelin组对应指标呈相反趋势(P<0.05);与花青素组相比,花青素+Colivelin组IL-17、IL-23水平、RORγt mRNA水平、Th17细胞水平、Th17/Treg比例、心肌细胞凋亡率及p-STAT3/STAT3、p-JAK2/JAK2比例明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10、IL-4水平、Treg细胞水平、脾脏Foxp3 mRNA水平明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:花青素可能通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路,恢复Th17/Treg平衡,实现对AE大鼠心肌的保护作用。