Assessment of hindlimb motor recovery affer severe thoracic spinal cord injury in rats: classification of CatWalk XT■ gait analysis parameters

Assessment of locomotion recovery in preclinical studies of experimental spinal cord injury remains challenging. We studied the CatWalk XT■gait analysis for evaluating hindlimb functional recovery in a widely used and clinically relevant thoracic contusion/compression spinal cord injury model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to either a T9 spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. Locomotion recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field rating scale and the CatWalk XT■gait analysis. To determine the potential bias from weight changes, corrected hindlimb(H) values(divided by the unaffected forelimb(F) values) were calculated. Six weeks after injury, cyst formation, astrogliosis, and the deposition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the baseline, a significant spontaneous recovery could be observed in the CatWalk XT■parameters max intensity, mean intensity, max intensity at%, and max contact mean intensity from 4 weeks after injury onwards. Of note, corrected values(H/F) of CatWalk XT■parameters showed a significantly less vulnerability to the weight changes than absolute values, specifically in static parameters. The corrected CatWalk XT■parameters were positively correlated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scale scores, cyst formation, the immunointensity of astrogliosis and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan deposition. The CatWalk XT■gait analysis and especially its static parameters, therefore, seem to be highly useful in assessing spontaneous recovery of hindlimb function after severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Because many CatWalk XT■parameters of the hindlimbs seem to be affected by body weight changes, using their corrected values might be a valuable option to improve this dependency.

Crossed Intralaminar Screws for Fusion of the Cervicothoracic Junction and the Thoracic Spine: The Experience in an Iberic Service with Case Series and Review of the Current Literature with Technique Description

The treatment of pathologies in the thoracic spine is a challenge. The periodic failure of pedicle screw insertion and anatomical variations make the search for an alternative to pedicle screws in thoracic spine surgery necessary. The interlaminar crossed screws is a well-known and secure method for fusion in cervical spine, and in thoracic spine there used to be insufficient clinical data to support this technique, until now. We demonstrate in an initial series of 10 cases treated with interlaminar fusion in association of other fusion techniques in the thoracic spine with good results. Objective: Intralaminar screws have been shown to be a biomechanical salvage technique in the thoracic spine, especially in long cervicothoracic, thoracic and thoracolumbar fixation. The goals of this article are to demonstrate our initial experience and the range of indications for thoracic crossed intralaminar screws. Methods: In this article we describe our initial series performed at S&#227o Teot&#243nio Hospital in Viseu, Portugal, and our results, and also provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature in the use of intralaminar crossed fixation.

The life-saving emergency thoracic endovascular aorta repair management on suspected aortoesophageal foreign body injury

BACKGROUND:Fatal aortic rupture caused by esophageal foreign body(EFB),is associated with a high mortality,but can be prevented by thoracic endovascular aorta repair(TEVAR)that performed increasingly as technology improves.This study aims to investigate the cause,management and prognosis of suspected penetrating aortoesophageal foreign body injury.METHODS:Twelve cases who met the criteria were enrolled in this study.The demographic and clinical data were reviewed for evaluating the characteristics of EFB.RESULTS:Among 12 cases enrolled,7 were males and 5 were females,with an age 27–86 years.The distance of EFB from aorta(DFA)of 7 cases were less than or equal to 0 mm,5 cases were 0–2 mm.Eleven cases were managed with TEVAR,only one case was with open surgery standby but finally treated by flexible endoscopy(FE)successfully,without TEVAR.In group with TEVAR,EFB of 7 cases were successfully removed by rigid endoscopy(RE),and one of them was failed at the first RE treatment.EFB of 2 cases were successfully removed by open surgery with TEVAR,and other 9 cases were managed by endoscopies with TEVAR.The mean length of stay of hospitalization(LOS)and length of ICU stay of patients treated by open surgery with TEVAR(18.50±2.12 days and 5.50±0.71 days)was significantly longer than those of patients treated by endoscopy with TEVAR(7.00±2.74 days and 1.33±1.12 days,P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively).Five cases had severe complications.CONCLUSION:Rational application of TEVAR can be a life-saving management for aortoesophageal foreign body injury,and jointed with endoscopy is safe and effective with a shorter length of ICU or total hospital stay.

Laminin-coated multifilament entubulation, combined with Schwann cells and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, promotes unidirectional axonal regeneration in a rat model of thoracic spinal cord hemisection

Biomaterial bridging provides physical substrates to guide axonal growth across the lesion.To achieve efficient directional guidance,combinatory strategies using permissive matrix,cells and trophic factors are necessary.In the present study,we evaluated permissive effect of poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride)guidance channels filled by different densities of laminin-precoated unidirectional polypropylene filaments combined with Schwann cells,and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for axonal regeneration through a T10 hemisected spinal cord gap in adult rats.We found that channels with filaments significantly reduced the lesion cavity,astrocytic gliosis,and inflammatory responses at the graft-host boundaries.The laminin coated low density filament provided the most favorable directional guidance for axonal regeneration which was enhanced by co-grafting of Schwann cells and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.These results demonstrate that the combinatorial strategy of filament-filled guiding scaffold,adhesive molecular laminin,Schwann cells,and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,provides optimal topographical cues in stimulating directional axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury.This study was approved by Indiana University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees(IACUC#:11011)on October 29,2015.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair with left subclavian artery reconstruction for blunt traumatic aortic injury in elderly patients

Introduction:Blunt thoracic aortic injury(BTAI)is rare in elderly patients.As the population ages and life expectancy increases,the frequency of this injury will increase,while the treatment and outcomes remain unclear.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the collected data of patients>60 years old with BTAI to investigate the mechanism of trauma;time interval from injury to diagnosis;type and timing of surgical intervention;aortic arch pattern;choice of left subclavian artery reconstruction;endograft to treat BTAI;length of the endovascular procedure;endoleaks;complications including stroke,paraplegia,and renal failure;length of hospital stay(LOS)and intensive care unit stay(L.ICUS);and 30-day mortality.Results:Five elderly trauma patients were found to have BTAI.Four(80%)were males,the cohort mean age was68 years,the major mechanism of trauma was fall injury,and the associated injury was thoracic trauma.All patients were transferred to our hospital,and emergency computed tomography angiography showed BTAI in each patient.The average time interval from injury to diagnosis was 2.7 days.Two patients suddenly showed signs of instability in their vital signs and underwent immediate endovascular repair,while 3 patients underwent delayed endovascular repair.The injury site was located in the aortic isthmus just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery;the aortic arch pattern was II(80.0%)in 4 cases and III in 1 case(20.0%).The choice of left subclavian artery reconstruction included chimney,double chimney,prefenestration,and chimney combined with in situ fenestration.Endografts to treat BTAI included the Ankura(Lifetech Scientific,Shenzhen,China)and the C-TAG(W.L.Gore&Associates,Flagstaff,AZ USA).The length of the endovascular procedure was 75.4 min;there were no endoleaks and no complications including stroke,paraplegia,or renal failure.The average LOS was25 days,and the average L.ICUS of 2 patients was 15 days,with no 30-day mortality.Conclusion:Elderly patients with fall injury should promptly exclude BTAI.Thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)with a left subclavian artery reconstruction technique provided good results without procedure-related or neurological complications.Because of the low incidence of this type of injury,we are unable to provide any evidence to guide the treatment option for this life-threatening condition.

Relationship between acute kidney injury before thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair and in-hospital outcomes in patients with type B acute aortic dissection

ObjectiveAcute 肾损害(AKI ) 经常发生在基于导管的 interventional 过程和增加死亡以后。然而，类型 B 尖锐大动脉的解剖(AAD ) 的 AKI 以前胸的 endovascular 动脉瘤修理(TEVAR ) 的含意仍然保持不清楚。这研究与类型 B AAD.MethodsBetween 2009 在病人在 TEVAR 前评估了 AKI 的发生，预言者，和在里面医院结果并且 2013， 76 个病人回顾地被评估从症状发作在 36 h 以内为类型 B AAD 收到了 TEVAR。病人被分类进 no-AKI 对 AKI 组，并且 AKI 的严厉进一步根据肾疾病被上演：在外科手术前的 AKI 的 TEVAR.ResultsThe 发生前改进全球结果标准是 36.8% 。在里面医院复杂并发症与 no-AKI 相比在有外科手术前的 AKI 的病人是显著地更高的(50.0% 对 4.2% 分别地；P &#x0003c；0.001 ) ，包括尖锐肾的失败(21.4% 对 0 分别地；P &#x0003c；0.001 ) ，并且他们与 AKI 的严厉增加了(P &#x0003c；0.001 ) 。身体温度和白血房间计数的最大的层次是以前显著地与最大的浆液 creatinine 有关铺平 TEVAR。Multivariate 分析在承认上显示出那收缩血压(或：1.023；95% CI：1.003-1.044；P = 0.0238 ) 并且双边的肾的动脉参与(或：19.076；95% CI：1.914-190.164；P = 0.0120 ) 外科手术前的 AKI.ConclusionsPreoperative AKI 的强壮的预言者经常与类型 B AAD 在病人被发生，并且与更高的在里面医院复杂并发症相关并且提高了煽动性的反应。承认和双边的肾的动脉参与上的收缩血压是为在 TEVAR 前的 AKI 的主要风险因素。

Rehabilitation intervention of cervical spondylotic myelopathy combined with thoracic spinal canal stenosis

Objective To investigate diagnosis and treatment characters of cervical spondylotic myelopathy combined with thoracic spinal stenosis, and to analysis effective pathway of spinal function recovery. Methods We took respective analysis on diagnosis, treatment and recovery results of 12 cases, whose symptoms, signs and MR were explicit. Results Follow ups times were from 9 months to 5 years and 8 months. Nerve function of 8 cases recovered completely or nearly completely; that of 2 cases improved apparently and that of 2 cases improved slightly. Conclusion Detailed disease history collection, particular body examination and MR reading are very important to early diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy combined with thoracic spinal stenosis. Early operation combined with cervical and thoracic spinal canal decompression at same time or at different stages is the single effective method to patients’ function recovery.

Chinese expert consensus on echelons treatment of thoracic injury in modern warfare

The emergency treatment of thoracic injuries varies of general conditions and modern warfare. However, there are no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for thoracic injuries in the Chinese People's Liberation Army(PLA). An expert consensus has been reached based on the epidemiology of thoracic injuries and the concept of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since there are no differences in the specialized treatment for thoracic injuries between general conditions and modern warfare, first aid, emergency treatment, and early treatment of thoracic injuries are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. At Level Ⅰfacilities, tension pneumothorax and open pneumothorax are recommended for initial assessment during the first aid stage. Re-evaluation and further treatment for hemothorax, flail chest, and pericardial tamponade are recommended at Level Ⅱ facilities. At Level Ⅲ facilities, simple surgical operations such as emergency thoracotomy and debridement surgery for open pneumothorax are recommended. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.

Treatment of Thoracic Spine Tuberculosis by Paraspinal Muscle Gap Approach

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and efficacy in treatment of thoracic tuberculosis via paraspinal approach. Methods: From June 2011 to August 2016, 24 patients with mono-segmental thoracic spine tuberculosis were treated by transfacet debridement combined with bone grafting and internal fixation through paraspinal approach. There were 11 males and 13 females with age ranging from 21 to 63 years (average, 39.5). There were 3 patients in T4/5, 2 patients in T5/6, 3 patients in T7/8, 3 patients in T8/9, 4 patients in T9/10, 3 patients in T10/11, and 6 patients in T11/12. Patients had different degraded local kyphosis deformity shown on X-ray, and different degraded bone destruction and abscess in thoracic spine shown on CT and MRI before the operation. All of the patients before the regular anti tuberculosis treatment for 2 to 4 weeks, the surgical approach used by paraspinal muscle approach, postoperative regular anti tuberculosis treatment for 9 to 12 weeks. Record the clinical symptoms of patients before and after surgery, preoperative Frankel functional classification of spinal cord injury, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ESR, CRP, complications, VAS score, ODI score and Cobb angle changes, imaging check regularly to evaluate the fusion and follow-up of nerve functional recovery. Results: The average operation time was 198 min. The average blood loss was 436 ml. There were no severe complications during and after operation. All patients were followed up for 1 year to 2 years, average 1.5 years of follow-up, the clinical symptoms improved significantly after operation and last follow-up ESR, CRP, VAS score, ODI score and Cobb angle were significantly improved after operation (P < 0.05), grade I Eck fusion, the fusion rate was 100% and the neurological function were improved. Conclusion: on the basis of strict anti tuberculosis chemotherapy, the use of paraspinal muscle gap approach for the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis is less invasive, less destructive to spinal stability, and can achieve obvious curative effect. It is worthy of clinical application.

Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury in Pediatric Patients: Demographics, Assessment and Treatment

Background: There is a paucity of information regarding the management of blunt thoracic aortic injury in the pediatric population compared to adults. This article adds three cases of blunt thoracic aortic injuries in pediatric patients to the literature and analyzes these in conjunction with several of the previous case series which have been published. Methods: Three cases were reviewed along with 38 previously reported cases in an attempt to identify trends in demographics and management. The three new cases presented over a four year period. All are male. A six year old and a 17-year-old were involved in motor vehicle crashes and a 10-year-old was struck by a vehicle while skateboarding. Results: The 6-year-old and the 17-year-old were treated non-interventionally due to severe closed head injuries. One received beta blockade. Both survived. The third, without head injury, underwent interposition graft and also survived. Conclusions: These findings are not greatly dissimilar from the adult experience. In reviewing all 41 pediatric cases, findings reveal a high mortality, predominantly due to head injury as well as the aortic injury. Open repair and interposition grafting continue to be the mainstay of management, with endovascular procedures and non-operative management becoming more prevalent recently. The role of beta-blockade is unclear in children with this injury. Further multicenter prospective studies of this rare pediatric injury may be useful.

Management of Thoracic Impalement Injury in Ghana: A Five-Year Experience at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

Impalement injuries are rare and among the most spectacular and dramatic traumatic injuries especially of the chest. The survival of a patient with a thoracic impalement injury can be extremely rare. Herein we present and discuss our successes of the management of 7 rare cases of thoracic impalement injuries over a 5-year period from January 2014 to June 2019 at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi in Ghana. We discuss the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of the seven cases encountered.

Correlation between the Changes in Lung Function and Lung Density Changes in Patients Following Radio- (Chemo-) Therapy for Thoracic Carcinomas

Purpose: In this analysis we focused on the correlation of patients’ lung function (PFT) data and lung density changes (ΔHU) detected in follow-up CTs. Material and Methods: PFT and lung function data were available for 58 patients 12 weeks and 47 patients 6 months after radio- (chemo-) therapy for thoracic carcinomas (NSCLC, SCLC and esophageal carcinoma). The follow-up CT scans were matched with the planning CT scans of each patient and then subtracted to calculate ΔHU for each voxel using customized research software. PFT data regarding e.g. vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were collected before and at several follow-up appointments after treatment. Results: 12 weeks after therapy there was a statistically significant correlation between difference in DLCO and the maximum ΔHU as well as the difference in TLC and the minimum ΔHU. 6 months after treatment there was a significant correlation between the difference in VC and DLCO with numerous lung density parameters, e.g. the mean and median lung density changes and the 75th percentile of ΔHU. There was no significant correlation between the PFT parameters FEV1, pCO2 and pO2 and any lung density parameter at any follow-up appointment. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between DLCO and ΔHU 6 months after treatment that most likely reflects the underlying pathological mechanisms in terms of the development of fibrotic lung tissue after RT. The relevance of the significant correlations 12 weeks after RT is questionable.

Thoracic Spinal Cord Stab Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review

Thoracic spinal cord stab injuries are rare lesions. A 17-year-old boy was stabbed on his back by his classmate when he bent forward to pick up his cloth from the ground. On admission, he presented with: complete paraplegia with muscle strength of zero on all muscle groups, complete anesthesia from dermatome 10 and below, acute urinary retention, and a four-centimeter wound on the thoracolumbar region from which cerebrospinal fluid mixed with blood was oozing out. A high-dose methylprednisolone protocol was started (30 mg/kg in one hour and then 5.4 mg/kg over 23 hours) an indwelling urinary catheter placed and sterile dressing of the wound done. Antibiotics and analgesics were also administered. The computed tomography scanning revealed a spinal cord transection at T10-T11 level with incarceration of the broken knife blade. An emergency thoracic laminectomy was performed. Removal of the broken knife blade revealed complete spinal cord transection with a compressive hematoma within the spinal cord which was removed by smooth suction. The spinal dura was sutured and the wound closed in many layers. On day 14 after surgery, sensitivity was recovered with 3 on 5 muscle strength in both lower limbs except for both feet where motor function remained null. Urinary retention and fecal incontinence persisted. The patient was discharged from our service for a rehabilitation center. At 32-month follow-up, neurological examination was unchanged although patient noticed a slight improvement of sphincter disturbances.

THORACIC SPINE FRACTURES

Objective. To investigate the unique characteristics and treatment of thoracic spine fractures. Methods. Seventy seven patients with thoracic spine fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, there were 37 compression fractures, 34 fracture dislocations, 3 burst fractures and 3 burst dislocations. Twenty six patients had a complete lesion of the spinal cord, 14 sustained a neurologically incomplete injury, and 37 were neurologically intact. Fifty three patients were treated nonoperatively and 24 treated operatively. Results. All patients were followed up for 2～15 years. None of the 26 patients with a complete lesion recovered any significant function. Of 37 neurologically intact patients, 13 had local pain although all of them remained normal function. Two of 14 patients with incomplete paraplegia returned to normal, 7 recovered some function and 5 did not recovered. Conclusions. Because of the unique anatomy and biomechanics of the thoracic spine, the classification commonly applied to thoracolumbar fractures is not suitable for thoracic fractures. Fusion and instrumentation are indicated when the fractures are unstable, while patients with incomplete lesion of the spinal cord may be the candidates for supplemented decompression.

Animal model-based simulation training for three emergent and urgent operations of penetrating thoracic injuries

Purpose:To develop animal models of penetrating thoracic injuries and to observe the effects of the animal model-based training on improving the trainees’performance for emergent and urgent thoracic surgeries.Methods:With a homemade machine,animal models of lung injuries and penetrating heart injuries were produced in porcine and used for training of chest tube drainage,urgent sternotomy,and emergent thoracotomy.Coefficient of variation of abbreviated injury scale and blood loss was calculated to judge the reproducibility of animal models.Five operation teams from basic-level hospitals(group A)and five operation teams from level III hospitals(group B)were included to be trained and tested.Testing standards for the operations were established after thorough literature review,and expert questionnaires were employed to evaluate the scientificity and feasibility of the testing standards.Tests were carried out after the training.Pre-and post-training performances were compared.Post-training survey using 7-point Likert scale was taken to evaluate the feelings of the trainees to these training approaches.Results:Animal models of the three kinds of penetrating chest injuries were successfully established and the coefficient of variation of abbreviated injury scale and blood loss were all less than 25%.After literature review,testing standards were established,and expert questionnaire results showed that the scientific score was 7.30±1.49,and the feasibility score was 7.50±0.89.Post-training performance was significantly higher in both group A and group B than pre-training performance.Post-training survey showed that all the trainees felt confident in applying the operations and were generally agreed that the training procedure were very helpful in improving operation skills for thoracic penetrating injury.Conclusions:Animal model-based simulation training established in the current study could improve the trainees’performance for emergent and urgent thoracic surgeries,especially of the surgical teams from basic-level hospitals.

定量CT评价胸椎骨密度及与年龄相关的骨丢失

目的探讨胸椎定量CT(QCT)测量骨密度及骨丢失率的可行性。方法选取因健康体检及急腹症行全腹部CT扫描的患者708例,使用QCT软件测量T10-L3椎体骨密度。将受检者按每10岁为一个年龄段分组。计算每个年龄组的胸椎及腰椎骨密度,并计算各组别的峰值骨密度及骨丢失率。胸椎与腰椎骨密度及其与年龄的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。结果男性、女性骨密度峰值均在20~29岁年龄组,30岁以后胸腰椎骨密度开始不同程度减低,80~89岁女性胸椎及腰椎累计骨丢失率分别为60.61%及61.34%,而男性分别为44.45%及49.35%。男性与女性胸腰椎骨密度均与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。胸椎与腰椎骨密度呈正相关(男性r=0.96、女性r=0.98,P<0.01)。结论胸椎及腰椎QCT均能准确地显示不同年龄组的骨密度及骨丢失情况,胸椎QCT可以作为评价和监测骨丢失的一种方法。

全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症

目的探讨全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症的临床疗效分析。方法2018年1月~2022年12月,应用全可视脊柱内镜技术治疗例重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者共16例,男11例、女5例,年龄39~73岁、平均54.5岁;病程4~37个月、平均18.5个月,随访8~36个月。结果患者术前、术后1个月、6个月和末次随访时的胸背痛及下肢痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别为(7.06±0.85)分、(2.88±0.62)分、(1.81±0.54)分、(1.25±0.45)分,术后各时间段的VAS评分均显著低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者术前、3个月和6个月末次随访JOA评分分别为(12.43±1.26)分、(20.69±1.62)分、(23.62±1.20)分、(26.25±1.07)分,术后各时间段的JOA评分均显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者术前、术后3个月和6个月和末次随访时的Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)分别为(68.9±3.3)%、(30.9±2.5)%、(19.0±3.0)%、(13.1±2.9)%。术后1个月、6个月及末次随访时均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。结论全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症安全性高、术后恢复快、疗效明确。

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响

目的研究右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌再灌注损伤及恢复质量的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的97例行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者作为研究对象,采用掷硬币法将其分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=48)。两组患者均在全身麻醉下手术,对照组采用0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞,观察组采用0.75μg/kg右美托咪定+0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL进行胸椎旁神经阻滞。比较两组患者麻醉前、气管插管即刻、切皮后5 min、术毕的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率;记录两组患者的手术时间、术后机械通气时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、ICU滞留时间及住院时间;比较两组患者手术后12、24 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分,手术前、手术后24 h的肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)水平,以及补救镇痛及并发症发生情况。结果麻醉前及气管插管即刻,两组MAP、心率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);切皮后5 min及术毕,观察组MAP、心率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术后机械通气时间及苏醒时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组ICU滞留时间、拔管时间及住院时间分别为(16.58±4.03)h、(5.47±1.23)h、(11.24±2.10)d,均短于对照组[(18.33±4.52)h、(6.02±1.39)h、(12.17±2.38)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后12、24 h,观察组VAS评分分别为(2.65±0.45)、(2.56±0.59)分,均低于对照组[(2.87±0.53)、(2.92±0.61)分],Ramsay镇静评分分别为(2.15±0.95)、(2.20±0.91)分,均高于对照组(1.63±0.72)、(1.60±0.68)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后24 h,两组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平均较手术前升高,但观察组cTnI、CK-MB及AST水平分别为(0.96±0.31)ng/mL、(4.91±1.06)ng/mL、(39.08±7.26)U/L,均低于对照组[(1.16±0.34)ng/mL、(5.61±1.17)ng/mL、(43.14±8.34)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后补救镇痛发生率与总并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞应用于冠状动脉搭桥术,患者术后恢复更快,镇静效果更好,可显著减轻患者术后疼痛,对患者心肌再灌注损伤更小。

改良悬吊复位法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨改良悬吊复位法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2020年2月至2021年10月采用经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者92例,按照治疗方式不同分为观察组和对照组,观察组先行改良悬吊复位法给予伤椎复位,再行经皮椎体成形术治疗,对照组则单纯给予经皮椎体成形术治疗。观察组47例,男20例,女27例;年龄59~76(69.74±4.50)岁;骨折椎体节段T_(10)2例,T_(11)7例,T_(12)19例,L_(11)4例,L25例;对照组45例,男21例,女24例;年龄61~78(71.02±3.58)岁;骨折椎体节段:T_(10)3例,T_(11)8例,T_(12)17例,L_(11)2例,L_(2)5例。观察术中骨水泥渗漏情况,记录并比较两组手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角及骨水泥注入量等指标。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间6~10(8.45±1.73)个月。观察组2例出现骨水泥渗漏,对照组3例出现骨水泥渗漏。观察组术后伤椎前缘高度较术前均增加(P<0.05),伤椎后凸Cobb角较术前降低(P<0.05);对照组术后伤椎后凸Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后伤椎后凸Cobb角(9.82±2.55)°,低于对照组(15.87±4.60)°(P<0.05),伤椎前缘高度观察组(21.29±3.65)mm,高于对照组(17.16±2.91)mm(P<0.05)。观察组VAS术前(7.32±1.05)分,术后1周及3、6个月分别为(3.56±1.18)、(1.83±0.67)、(1.27±0.34)分,ODI评分术前(40.12±14.69)分,术后1周及3、6个月分别为(23.76±10.19)、(20.15±6.39)、(13.45±3.46)分。对照组VAS术前(7.11±5.26)分,术后1周及3、6个月分别为(3.82±0.68)、(1.94±0.88)、(1.36±0.52)分,ODI评分术前(41.38±10.23)分,术后1周及3、6个月分别为(25.13±14.22)、(20.61±5.82)、(14.55±5.27)分。两组术后VAS、ODI评分较术前均下降(P<0.05),术后两组VAS及ODI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:改良悬吊复位法联合PVP手术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折均取得良好的临床疗效,可有效减轻患者腰背部疼痛,恢复椎体高度,矫正后凸畸形,改善患者腰椎功能,提高患者生活质量。

成人退行性脊柱侧凸的预后因素分析及基于脊柱矢状面平衡的矫形策略探讨

目的分析影响成人退行性脊柱侧凸(ADS)患者术后2年功能性预后的危险因素,并探讨基于脊柱矢状面平衡的手术策略。方法纳入2018年5月—2020年5月应急总医院采用后路融合内固定术矫形的ADS患者79例,记录其年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)等一般资料,采集患者术前及术后2年的Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、脊柱侧凸研究学会22项患者问卷(SRS-22)评分、腰背部和下肢疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,测量术前及术后2年的骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骨盆投射角(PI)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、矢状面垂直偏距(SVA)、冠状面平衡、T1骨盆角(T1PA)及PI-LL,记录并统计术后并发症发生情况。根据术后2年ODI将患者分为功能最佳组(ODI≤15%)和功能最差组(ODI>50%),比较2组患者各指标的差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析评价术后功能的影响因素。结果79例患者总体并发症发生率为41.8%(33/79),术后2年ODI、SRS-22评分、腰背部疼痛VAS评分较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2年功能最差组21例,功能最佳组30例。功能最差组患者BMI、术后重症并发症发生率高于功能最佳组;术前ODI、SRS-22评分差于功能最佳组,术前矢状面失衡(SVA≥5 cm)患者比例高于功能最佳组;术后2年ODI、SRS-22评分、腰背部和下肢痛VAS评分差于功能最佳组,矢状面失衡患者比例、PI-LL和T1PA高于功能最佳组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高BMI、术前高ODI、术后2年SVA≥5 cm和术后2年高T1PA是预后不良的危险因素。结论手术矫形能够改善ADS患者的功能和生活质量,BMI、术前ODI、术后2年SVA和术后2年T1PA影响术后功能恢复,故应基于脊柱矢状面整体平衡状态制订ADS手术策略。