Monitoring result analyses of high slope of five-step ship lock in the Three Gorges Project

The construction of the double-lane five-step ship lock of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） wascommenced in 1994, the excavation of the ship lock was completed by the end of 1999, and the ship lockwas put in operation in June 2003. The side slopes of the ship lock are characterized by great height（170 m）, steepness （70 m in height of upright slope）, and great length （over 7000 m in total length）. Inassociation with the ship lock, the surrounding rocks in slope have a high potential to deform, withwhich the magnitude of deformation is restricted. Monitoring results show that the deformation of thefive-step ship lock high slopes of the TGP primarily occurred in excavation period, and deformationtended to be stable and convergent during operation period, suggesting the allowable ranges of deformation.At present, the slopes and lock chambers are stable, and the ship lock works well under normaloperation condition, enabling the social and economic benefits of the TGP. 2015 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The practice of project construction and management of Three Gorges ship lock

The double-line five-step ship-lock of Three Gorges Project (TGP) is an extra-large navigation structure with the maximum design total head and single-step delivery head in the world and complicated technical problems.The shiplock is a challenging and world-class project integrating the advanced techniques and equipment,the up-to-date technologies and materials,as well as the advanced project management.Through 17-year construction and 9-year operation of the ship-lock,various difficulties in design,construction,equipment manufacturing and installation as well as system debugging have been overcome effectively.The project management ideas,management system,management methods,technological innovation and team building are summarized according to the management practice of the second stage main work of Three Gorges ship-lock.

The design of double line five step ship lock of Three Gorges Project

The general design and layout of the double-line five-step ship-lock,the water delivery technique for high head ship-lock,the key technical problems of fully lined ship-lock and the monitoring techniques for large-scale miter gates and hoisting equipment under complicated operation conditions of Three Gorges Project (TGP) are introduced.Since the operation of ship-lock in 2003,the operation practice has proved that the design techniques are advanced,rational and reliable.The design and construction of the fully lined ship-lock promotes the development of design theory and practice of ship-lock projects,which makes the construction technology of ship-lock in the world reach a new level.

On the treatment of thermal cracks in lining concrete of water conveyance system of Three Gorges Project permanent ship locks

A comprehensive investigation was performed for repairing the different types of cracks appearing on the surface or inside the concrete lining at various depths.The mate- rial properties used in grouting and two methods for crack repair were discussed in details, and consequently reliable repair measures were proposed and implemented.It is a better choice to adopt the hole-drilling method for the relatively regular crack.The grouting pres- sure should not be too high and it is generally between 0.4～0.6 MPa.For the second time grouting,the pressure maybe increased to 0.8 MPa.Other method is the pasting nozzles method which is more suitable for irregular cracks such as cracks with intensive density and crossing cracks.Its grouting pressure is generally between 0.6～1.0 MPa.The in-situ tests in Three Gorges Project demonstrate favorably the feasibility and applicability of the proposed methods for crack repair within the lining concrete.

Key Technologies of the Hydraulic Structures of the Three Gorges Project

To date,the Three Gorges Project is the largest hydro junction in the world.It is the key project for the integrated water resource management and development of the Changjiang River.The technology of the project,with its huge scale and comprehensive benefits,is extremely complicated,and the design difficulty is greater than that of any other hydro project in the world.A series of new design theories and methods have been proposed and applied in the design and research process.Many key technological problems regarding hydraulic structures have been overcome,such as a gravity dam with multi-layer large discharge orifices,a hydropower station of giant generating units,and a giant continual multi-step ship lock with a high water head.

三峡升船机下闸首工作大门设计中的创新技术

三峡升船机是全球规模最大技术难度最高的升船机,其下游水位变幅变率均居国内外升船机之首。为满足船厢与下闸首对接要求,下闸首工作大门采用易于调整门位、带卧倒小门的下沉式双扉平板门。该闸门具有跨度大、运行条件复杂、运行频繁且要求高等特点,设计中采用了充压止水、摆臂式锁定、卧倒门同步变速控制等多项创新技术。三峡升船机运行实践经验表明,下闸首工作大门的工作性能完全满足工程要求,以上创新技术应用效果良好,具有很好的工程应用性和实践指导意义。

三峡船闸输水廊道反弧门涂层失效及腐蚀原因分析

为保障三峡船闸输水廊道反弧门的运行安全,在2021和2022年三峡船闸计划性停航检修期间,对南北两线船闸反弧门的腐蚀状况进行检测和评估,分析其防腐蚀涂层起泡破坏及门体腐蚀的原因。结果表明,反弧门涂层存在大面积起泡、剥落,门体及构件的局部腐蚀问题凸显,涂层损伤及锈蚀面积约占反弧门检测面积的20%。反弧门原有涂装材料和热喷锌层仍能发挥防腐蚀作用,尚不需要进行大面积维修,但对于局部腐蚀和涂层破坏明显的区域,应及时修复,并加强检测、维护,避免发生腐蚀失效威胁门体安全。同时,针对反弧门遭受的高速水流冲蚀、空蚀以及电偶腐蚀耦合破坏问题,提出进行反弧门表面高弹、抗冲耐磨防护材料修复以及施加牺牲阳极阴极保护防护试验研究的建议。

船闸大型浮式检修门沉浮量自动检测设计

三峡船闸浮式检修门(后简称浮门)是船闸闸室排干施工的重要封堵设备。结合三峡船闸下游航道浮门检修门槽特点、浮门沉浮工艺等进行自动检测需求分析,介绍了基于激光测距仪等传感器实现浮门沉浮量自动检测的设计思路。

三峡船闸设备管理工具设计构想

结合三峡船闸设备管理现状,指出目前设备管理存在设备数据信息采集不全面、设备信息共享性欠缺完整、设备信息检索不方便等不足。提出一种基于三峡船闸运管系统的设备管理工具设计构想,为三峡船闸设备管理信息化、智能化建设提供一定的参考。

大藤峡船闸下闸首巨型人字闸门制造关键技术

大藤峡水利枢纽工程船闸下闸首人字门,在制造过程中采用新设备、新技术、新工艺,通过精心组织、精心施工、严格过程控制,高质量地完成了下闸首人字闸门的制造,并获得了成功的经验。本文简要介绍了门体结构制造工艺。

损伤流变模型在三峡船闸高边坡稳定分析的初步应用

将损伤力学理论应用于岩石力学，建立节理岩体的损伤力学模型，并采用粘弹－粘塑性理论和有限元法，编制了平面有限元计算通用程序对三峡船闸高边坡稳定性进行了模拟边坡开挖过程的损伤流变分析。

三峡永久船闸输水廊道水动力学特性研究

该文对三峡永久船闸末级闸首阀门段输水廊道进行了数值模拟,对阀门段输水廊道的内部水流流动特征进行了分析,并研究了阀门后廊道顶部的压力特性,分析比较了以不同速率开启阀门及不同开度下紧急关闭对阀门段输水廊道内部流场的影响。将二维结果与三维结果及实验结果进行对比,变化趋势基本一致,验证了边界条件提法的合理性及数值方法的可行性。该研究对永久船闸阀门开启速率及紧急关闭时阀门开度选择具有一定的指导意义。

船闸通过能力计算中的若干问题研究

随着一些大型船闸的建设并投入使用,逐渐暴露出了目前船闸通过能力研究中还存在诸多不足.结合苏北船闸的运行情况,分析船舶过闸作业程序,推导了不同情况下一次过闸时间的计算公式及其适应条件;提出了改进一次过闸平均吨位的计算方法,建立了其连续函数表达式;并讨论了通过能力计算中的单向和双向问题.

应用三维快速拉格朗日法进行三峡船闸高边坡锚固稳定与机理研究

三维快速拉格朗日分析是基于三维显式有限差分法的数值分析方法 ,它可以准确地模拟岩土或其他材料的屈服、塑性流动、软化直至大变形等三维力学行为 ,尤其适合于材料的弹塑性、大变形分析以及施工过程的模拟。本文首先介绍了三维快速拉格朗日分析的基本原理及其特点 ,然后应用三维快速拉格朗日分析程序FLAC

三峡永久船闸衬砌墙结构及结构锚杆受力仿真分析

考虑三维接触非线性的结构采用温度徐变仿真计算方法，针对三峡永久船闸闸室墙（ 全衬式和混合式） 的整体和分水平缝两种结构形式，就设计人员关心的温度、外水压力产生的锚杆应力，结构是否分缝，钢筋是否过缝，缝面不同接触条件，锚杆优化等实际问题进行分析比较．结果表明分水平缝可以降低混凝土内应力水平，但部分锚杆应力出现集中现象，钢筋过缝对锚杆应力略有改善，可以在原设计基础上进一步减少锚杆布置．

三峡新通道研究进展及主要技术问题

三峡工程是世界上最伟大的水利工程之一,航运效益巨大,随着国民经济持续增长和长江黄金水道建设的实施,三峡过坝货运量持续增长,2011年过闸量超过船闸1亿t的设计通过能力,2013—2015年过坝货运量均达到1.2亿t,超过设计能力20%,建设三峡新通道十分必要。简要介绍了三峡新通道研究进展情况,包括三峡新船闸建设方案和葛洲坝船闸扩能改造方案及主要技术问题。

能量耗散本构模型及其在三峡船闸高边坡稳定性分析中的应用

从不可逆过程的原理出发 ,分析了岩体开挖中的能量耗散。考虑了能量耗散对本构方程的影响 ,结合三峡工程实例进行弹塑性和流变状态的稳定性计算 。

三峡永久船闸一期工程岩锚预应力监测

在三峡永久船闸一期工程中布置了大量预应力锚索 ,部分锚索栓上安装有锚索测力计 ,研究了在锚索测力计安装及观测过程中出现的各种问题的原因 ;对锚固预应力变化特征、趋势及群锚效应等进行了综合分析 ;

三峡永久船闸闸墩-锚杆-岩基的非线性耦合分析

建立分析了结构与岩基接触问题的非线性物理方程式，并采用“变增量搜索法”迭代方案求解三峡船闸闸墩-锚杆-岩基的相互作用问题。将三峡船闸在施工及运行过程中，由温度荷载和水压力、渗压力等外荷载共同作用下的复杂空间接触问题，分解为求解温度引起的结构与岩基接触面的张开度和由此作初间隙研究外荷载作用下整个系统的变化规律和应力状况。详细分析了锚杆自由长度对锚杆内力分布的影响。研究结果已得到实际应用，研究方法可用于同类结构的空间多体接触问题的求解。

提高三峡船闸运行效率的船舶过闸方式研究

为充分发挥长江"黄金水道"的作用和优势,提高三峡船闸的通过能力,通过分析三峡船闸近5年的运行数据,对某些关键运行参数与设计值进行比较后发现,现行过闸方式的进闸时间和移泊时间过长,是导致船闸实际日运行闸次低于设计值的主要原因。在此基础上,提出在船闸上下游水域设置虚拟闸室的方案,经实船测试资料统计分析,研究了设置虚拟闸室的必要性和船队过闸方案理论上的可行性。可为进一步提升三峡船闸的日运行闸次和通过能力提供理论支撑。