The dissolved oxygen concentration in a flow changes with distance downstream of the spillway crest and depends on the geometric configuration of the spillway and the hydraulic and operating conditions.A mathematical ...The dissolved oxygen concentration in a flow changes with distance downstream of the spillway crest and depends on the geometric configuration of the spillway and the hydraulic and operating conditions.A mathematical model was developed to simulate the turbulent structure of the flow over the spillway of the Three Gorges Dam at the 145 m reservoir water level to study the aeration characteristics and the gas transport.The model was calibrated and verified with measured data.The analysis of distribution of the aeration and the dissolved oxygen showed that the downstream water level,upstream dissolved oxygen content,and the flow discharge all affect the dissolved oxygen saturation downstream of the sluicing dam.The simulation provides guidance for controlling the dissolved oxygen supersaturation and environmentally friendly operation of the Three Gorges Dam.展开更多
重庆是我国缺硒(Se)的重点区域,多目标地球化学调查采用现代分析测试手段进行土壤Se元素的分布及富集的研究,对特色农业资源的开发利用具有重要意义。以每4 km2 1个表层和每16 km2 1个深层土壤数据对三峡库区重庆段土壤Se分布特征及其...重庆是我国缺硒(Se)的重点区域,多目标地球化学调查采用现代分析测试手段进行土壤Se元素的分布及富集的研究,对特色农业资源的开发利用具有重要意义。以每4 km2 1个表层和每16 km2 1个深层土壤数据对三峡库区重庆段土壤Se分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析探讨。结果表明:三峡库区(重庆段)表层土壤Se含量在0.006~5.79 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.16 mg/kg,以缺Se或潜在缺Se为主,其分布面积达到73.19%,足Se面积为25.77%,富Se或Se中毒区域仅为0.16%;深层土壤Se含量在0.03~0.62 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.12 mg/kg,缺Se面积占到67.36%,潜在缺Se面积也占到20.68%。不同类型间以黄壤表层土壤Se含量最高,其次是石灰土,且与水稻土和紫色土存在着显著性差异。不同土地利用方式间以林地与建筑用地表层土壤中Se含量相对较高,但各土地利用方式间不存在显著性差异。表层土壤Se含量相对于深层土壤表现出明显的富集特征,富集面积达到76.97%,但以弱富集区域为主,占到总面积的56.93%。土壤有机质、总氮含量与表层土壤Se含量存在较好相关性;与主要重金属以及S的相关性分析表明,其存在着较强的伴生关系,以Cd的伴生关系最为密切。表层土壤Se含量随着海拔和坡度的增加而增加,随着pH的增加而减少。此外,Fe、Al也是影响表层土壤Se含量的重要因素。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and DevelopmentProgram (973) of China (No 2006CB403304)State Key Labo-ratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Program of China (Nos2008-TC-1 and 2009-TC-2)
文摘The dissolved oxygen concentration in a flow changes with distance downstream of the spillway crest and depends on the geometric configuration of the spillway and the hydraulic and operating conditions.A mathematical model was developed to simulate the turbulent structure of the flow over the spillway of the Three Gorges Dam at the 145 m reservoir water level to study the aeration characteristics and the gas transport.The model was calibrated and verified with measured data.The analysis of distribution of the aeration and the dissolved oxygen showed that the downstream water level,upstream dissolved oxygen content,and the flow discharge all affect the dissolved oxygen saturation downstream of the sluicing dam.The simulation provides guidance for controlling the dissolved oxygen supersaturation and environmentally friendly operation of the Three Gorges Dam.
文摘重庆是我国缺硒(Se)的重点区域,多目标地球化学调查采用现代分析测试手段进行土壤Se元素的分布及富集的研究,对特色农业资源的开发利用具有重要意义。以每4 km2 1个表层和每16 km2 1个深层土壤数据对三峡库区重庆段土壤Se分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析探讨。结果表明:三峡库区(重庆段)表层土壤Se含量在0.006~5.79 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.16 mg/kg,以缺Se或潜在缺Se为主,其分布面积达到73.19%,足Se面积为25.77%,富Se或Se中毒区域仅为0.16%;深层土壤Se含量在0.03~0.62 mg/kg之间,平均值为0.12 mg/kg,缺Se面积占到67.36%,潜在缺Se面积也占到20.68%。不同类型间以黄壤表层土壤Se含量最高,其次是石灰土,且与水稻土和紫色土存在着显著性差异。不同土地利用方式间以林地与建筑用地表层土壤中Se含量相对较高,但各土地利用方式间不存在显著性差异。表层土壤Se含量相对于深层土壤表现出明显的富集特征,富集面积达到76.97%,但以弱富集区域为主,占到总面积的56.93%。土壤有机质、总氮含量与表层土壤Se含量存在较好相关性;与主要重金属以及S的相关性分析表明,其存在着较强的伴生关系,以Cd的伴生关系最为密切。表层土壤Se含量随着海拔和坡度的增加而增加,随着pH的增加而减少。此外,Fe、Al也是影响表层土壤Se含量的重要因素。