Research of Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectra of RE^(3+)(RE=Eu,Tb) and Na_2WO_4 Co-doped Silica Luminescence Materials

In the preparation of this precursor tetraethlortho silicate (TEOS), sodium tungstate, ethyl alcohol, HCl and RECl3(RE=Eu,Tb) were mixed and then heated at 800 ℃ for 2 h, leading to a luminescent compound. The structure of the materials was characterized by TG-DTA and IR analysis, and the results indicate that the materials were in SiO2 network structure. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra was used to characterize the luminescent properties of the materials. The luminescence property of doped and un-doped Eu3+or Tb3+ and Na2WO4 in silica materials were prepared and measured. The results show that good energy transfer from WO2-4 to Eu3+ ion, sensitized the luminescence intensity of Eu3+ remarkably. Tb3+ ion incorporated silica materials expressed the inverse energy transition from Tb3+ to WO2-4, however, we got the materials with homogeneous green blue fluorescent light. Finally, the energy transfer of WO2-4 and Eu3+, WO2-4 and Tb3+ were explained by energy levels diagram.

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County,Three Gorges Reservoir

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter(DOM)in the water-levelfluctuation zone(WLFZ)of Kai County,Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR).Most of the soil DOM analyzed in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks.Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence,whereas peaks B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence.Peaks E and F,which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence,only appeared in certain soils.Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil,and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed soil than submerged soil.Compared to the peaks A and B,the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced by the fluctuating water level.Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil was not contaminated significantly.Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types of protein-like fluorescence groups.The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable.The soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity,and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had an impact on the humification of soil DOM.

Study on DNA conformation using three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of ethidium bromide

Three-dimensional fluorescence (TDF) spectra of ethidium bromide (EB) in various environments, such as different types of micelle and glycerol solution, have recentiy been studied. In this note, the TDF spectra of EB are used to study the conformation change of calf thymus (CT) DNA and fish sperm (FS) DNA in different conditions.The results show that the TDF spectra of EB can not only be used to fingerprint CT DNA and FS DNA, but also effectively explain the interaction between EB and DNA and indicate the conformation change of DNA in different conditions.

Detection of Rice Yellow Mottle at the Asymptomatic Stage by Hyperspectral Fluorescence and Reflectance Spectroscopies

Rice yellow mottle is considered the most destructive disease threatening rice production in Africa. Early detection of this infection in rice is essential to limit its expansion and proliferation. However, there is no research devoted to the spectral detection of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) infection, especially in the asymptomatic or early stages. This work proposes the use of hyperspectral fluorescence and reflectance data at leaf level for the detection of this disease in asymptomatic stages. A greenhouse experiment was therefore conducted to collect hyperspectral fluorescence and reflectance data at different stages of infection. These data allowed to calculate nine vegetation indices: one from fluorescence spectra and eight from reflectance spectra. A t-test made it possible to identify, from the second day after infection, four relevant reflectance vegetation indices to discriminate healthy leaves from those infected: these are Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI), Structure Intensive Pigment Index (SIPI) and Simple Ratio Pigment Index (SRPI). The fluorescence index was less sensitive in detecting infection. The four significant vegetation indices for the detection of RYMV were then used to build and evaluate models for discriminating plants according to their health status by the supervised classification of support vector machine (SVM) at different stages of infection. The maximum overall accuracy is 92.5% six days after inoculation (6 DAI). The sixth day after inoculation would be the adequate day to detect RYMV. This plants discrimination was validated by the mean reflectance spectra and by the histograms showing the differences between the average reflectance vegetation indices values of the two types of plants. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of differentiating RYMV-infected samples. They suggest that support vector machine learning models could be developed to diagnose RYMV-infected plants based on vegetation indices derived from spectral profiles at early stages of disease development.

A method for calibrating the confocal volume of a confocal three-dimensional micro-x-ray fluorescence setup

The measurement of the confocal volume of a confocal three-dimensional micro-x-ray fluorescence(3D-XRF)setup is a key step in the field of confocal 3D-XRF analysis.With the development of x-ray facilities and optical devices,3D-XRF analysis with a micro confocal volume will create a great potential for 2D and 3D microstructural analysis and accurate quantitative analysis.However,the classic measurement method of scanning metal foils of a certain thickness leads to inaccuracy.A method for calibrating the confocal volume is proposed in this paper.The new method is based on the basic content of the textbook,and the theoretical results and the feasibility are given in detail for the 3D-XRF mono-chromatic x-ray condition and the poly-chromatic x-ray condition.We obtain a set of experimental confirmation using the poly-chromatic x-ray tube in the laboratory.It is proved that the sensitivity factor of the 3D-XRF can be directly and accurately obtained in a real calibration process.

Study on the Binding Interaction of Nanomaterials Tio_2 with Bovine Serum Albumin by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectrometry (TDFS)

Although scientific and policy bodies have stated that nanomaterials are not intrinsically toxic, there is interest in evaluating if and how many engineered nanomaterials may do harm to the health of mankind and the ecological environment. The interaction between nano-TiO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by using TDFS and UV methods in this research.

Molecular fluorescence significantly enhanced by gold nanoparticles@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit unique surface plasmon resonance dependent optical properties.On this basis,gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)can form AuNPs@MOFs composites to modulate the optical properties of fluorescent molecules,which is less reported.In this paper,based on the fluorescence enhancement effect of AuNPs on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole(HPBI)molecules,zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)crystals with structural stability were introduced.AuNPs@ZIF-8 exhibited a significantly pronounced fluorescence enhancement of the HPBI molecules.In addition,by comparing the fluorescence characteristics of the HPBI molecules adsorbed on AuNPs@ZIF-8 and those captured in AuNPs@ZIF-8,we found that the ZIF-8 can act as a spacer layer with highly effective near-field enhancement.All our preliminary results shed light on future research on the composite structures of noble metal particles and MOFs for fluorescent probes and sensing applications.

Elemental composition x-ray fluorescence analysis with a TES-based high-resolution x-ray spectrometer

The accurate analysis of the elemental composition plays a crucial role in the research of functional materials.The emitting characteristic x-ray fluorescence(XRF)photons can be used for precisely discriminating the specified element.The detection accuracy of conventional XRF methodology using semiconductor detector is limited by the energy resolution,thus posing a challenge in accurately scaling the actual energy of each XRF photon.We adopt a novel high-resolution x-ray spectrometer based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor(TES)for the XRF spectroscopy measurement of different elements.Properties including high energy resolution,high detection efficiency and precise linearity of the new spectrometer will bring significant benefits in analyzing elemental composition via XRF.In this paper,we study the Ledge emission line profiles of three adjacent rare earth elements with the evenly mixed sample of their oxide components:terbium,dysprosium and holmium.Two orders of magnitude better energy resolution are obtained compared to a commercial silicon drift detector.With this TES-based spectrometer,the spectral lines overlapped or interfered by background can be clearly distinguished,thus making the chemical component analysis more accurate and quantitative.A database of coefficient values for the line strength of the spectrum can then be constructed thereafter.Equipped with the novel XRF spectrometer and an established coefficient database,a direct analysis of the composition proportion of a certain element in an unknown sample can be achieved with high accuracy.

Synthesis and Fluorescence Spectra of Triazolylcoumarin Fluorescent Dyes

Much attention is devoted to fluorescent dyes especially those with potential in versatile applications.Reactions under "click" conditions between nonfluorescent 3-azidocoumarins and terminal alkynes produced 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)coumarins,a novel type of fluorescent dyes with intense fluorescence.The structures of the new coumarins were characterized by 1H NMR,MS,and IR spectra.Fluorescence spectra measurement demonstrated excellent fluorescence performance of the triazolylcoumarins and this click reaction is a promising candidate for bioconjugation and bioimaging applications since both azide and alkynes are quite inert to biological systems.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF LADDERLIKE POLYPHENYLSILSESQUIOXANE AND LADDERLIKE 1,4-PHENYLENE-BRIDGED POLYVINYLSILOXANE

Fluorescence spectra of ladderlike polyphenylsilsesquioxane (LPPS) and ladderlike 1,4-phenylene-bridged polyvinylsiloxane (LPPVS) have been measured as a function of temperature (4-55 degreesC), in dilute tetrahydrofuran solution. The excimer (IF) to monomer (I-M) intensity ratio (I-E/I-M) of LPPS dilute solution shows a double linear Arrhenius plot with a break point ascribable to a transition temperature Tt. This behavior has not been found for single chain polyorganosiloxanes. When In/(E) of LPPS was plotted against 1/T, it also gave a double linear plot with one break point, which was found in single chain polyorganosiloxanes. The different behaviors between LPPS and single chain polyorganosiloxanes may be mainly attributed to the relatively rigid double-chain macromolecular backbone of LPPS. However, the 1n(I-E/I-M) of dilute LPPVS solution versus 1/T shows a simple linear variation with a positive slope which confirms our proposition. The difference between the fluorescence results of LPPS and those of LPPVS may possibly derive from their structure differences and cooperative motion in backbone chain bonds.

Interaction of 4-aminosalicylic Acid and Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions Using UV-Vis Spectra and Steady-state Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The interactions of 4-aminosalicylic acid （4-ASA） and surfactants in aqueous solutions were investigated by using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of cationic surfactant and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 221 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.Similarly,the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of nonionic surfactant and polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 219 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.However,the similar phenomena did not appeared in the presence of anion surfactant,sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）,the UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution remained the same peak position and the peak value increased with the 4-ASA concentration increase.The results could be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between 4-ASA and CTAB or PVP,as well as the electrostatic repulsion between 4-ASA and SDS.Furthermore,the value of critical micelle concentration （CMC） of surfactants in the presence of 4-ASA was determined with Fluorescence method.The first and second CMC of CTAB was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.4×10-4 M,respectively.The first and second CMC of PVP was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.8×10-4 M.SDS realized the multiple micellizations to form multiple CMC.

Fluorescence Spectra of the Poly (N-vinylcarbazole)Obtained with Asymmetric Polymerization

The fluorescence spectra of the poly (N-vinylcarbazole) in solution obtained with chirally organic salts or acid as catalyst or initiator [ (-)Sp: (-)-Sparteine, (+)CSA: D- (+)Camphor-10-sulfonic acid)], respectively, have been investigated. It is found that the two emission peaks at the longer wavelength (lambda max, ca, 415nm) and the shorter wavelength (lambda max, ca, 370nm) are assigned to the sandwich excimer and second excimer (partial overlap) fluorescence, respectively. The sandwich excimer and partially overlapped excimer are attributed to a fully overlapped structure of neighbouring carbazole chromophores in a totally elipsed conformation of the isotactic sequence, and partially overlapped structure of the syndiotactic sequence. The estimated values of I-415/I-370 and isotactic sequence content by using the fluorescence spectra are in the order: (-)Sp(+) (+)CSA(-)> (+)CSA(-)> (-)Sp(+)ClO(4)(-) (no peak at 415nm for AIBN).

Characteristics of the ThreeDimensional Fluorescence Spectra of Fossil Fuels

We have found some fluorescence characteristics of fossil fuels based on the contour maps of the three dimensional fluorescence spectra of their non quenching samples. The common fluorescence characteristic is that the main peaks of various fossil fuels are located in the vicinity of excitation/emission wavelength pair 228nm/340nm.The diversity of fluorescence characteristics can be represented with several indexes α,K,F and R ,and these indexes provide measurable parameters for division of fluorescence fingerprints of fossil fuels. The fluorescence fingerprints of fossil fuels can be divided into five models named O,B,Q,P and G that are corresponding to condensate oil, light oil, heavy oil, coal and natural gas, respectively. The technique has a potential application in study of environment pollution on crude oil and geochemical exploration of fossil fuels.

Evaluation of Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Synchronized Fluorescence Emission Spectra and Unsupervised Method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA ANALYSIS ON THE STRUCTURE AROUND Ti^(4+) OF BaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3-TiO_2 SYSTEM GLASSES

The structure around Ti^(4+) in Bao-SiO_2 -B_2O_3-TiO_2 had been studied by X-ray fluorescence spectra. The results show that the Ti^(4+) mainly exists in the [TiO_4] and enters the network of [SiO_4]. [TiO_4] has the tendency to change to [TiO_6] with the increase of TiO_2 con-tent. When the TiO_2 content increases to about 20mol% the tendency reaches its maximum.

STUDIES ON FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF SAMARIUM EUROPIUM TERBIUM AND DYSPROSIUM WITH BENZOYL UREA DERIVATIVES AND PHENANTHROLINE

Rare earth chelates of benzoyl urea derivatives were prepared in ethanol and fluorescence spectra of these chelates were studied in detail. A composition of [RE(BU)_3Phen] (NO_3)_3 was obtained. Correlation between chemical properties of ligands, chelates and spectroscopy was discussed. Intramolecular energy transfer in rare earth chelates was explained.

A portable optical sensing system for rapid detection of fluorescence spectra

Development of a prototype of a portable optical sensing system is presented for fast detecting of samples’fluorescence spectra.A compact configuration is achieved by integrating a small spectrometer,a microcontroller,a Universal Serial Bus(USB)Host Shield,a network module,and a web server.The fluorescence spectra of a tested sample can be obtained.Then the test data are sent through network communication to our Cloud Server which can store the data for further analyses.With this configuration,test results can be revealed in a short time and downloaded by users to their laptops,tablets or cellphones anytime and anywhere.

The Fluorescence spectra of Iron-arene complex photo initiator

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Establish a Three-dimensional Fluorescent Fingerprint Database of Traditional Chinese Medicines

Objective:To set up a database of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of traditional Chinese medicines,Screening of medicinal materials by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy,Methods:The paper Summarizes the three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints,screens medicinal materials on basis of verifying the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the reference crude herbs of the national standard Chinese medicines,and combines with visual basic6.0 and microsoft access 2003 technology system to construct a three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprint database of TCMs.Results:the identification and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)was accuately and swiftly achieved.Conclusion:The relevant analysis on the operating system of database and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum database of TCMs indicates that this operating system can provide convenient channels for the inspection,verification and quality control of TCMs.