Creating New Germplasm by Distant Hybridization in Stone Fruits:Ⅰ.Effects of Different Treatments on Cross Compatibility of Distant Hybridization inStone Fruits

The effects of different treatments on cross compatibility in distant hybridization werestudied in 69 cross combinations among 9 cultivars of stone fruits. The results showedthat the setting percentage in balloon stage was obviously higher than that in earlyblooming stage. The differences of fruit set between positive and reverse crosses weresignificant. Female parent affected cross compatibility more remarkably than male parentin distant hybridization. The appropriate electrostatic field, He-Ne laser combinedtreatment with 60Co γ-ray and He-Ne laser could improve the pollen germination rate invitro effectively, the fruit set percentage was higher than control, while 60Co γ-raytreatment reduced the pollen germination rate in vitro, and the fruit set percentageobtained by distant hybridization was lower than control.

Evaluation of some Newly Developed Diploid Hybrids and their Breeding Value in 4x-2x Crosses

The narrow genetic base in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) limits the progress in cultivar development.The rich diploid germplasm in the origin center of potato provide a unique resource for improvement of tetraploid potatoes.Seven newly developed diploid hybrids with 2n pollen production,all of which have S. phureja background,were developed and evaluated for their value in potato breeding.They were crossed as male parnets to six tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars,and seeds in large quantity from eleven crosses were obtained.Main agronomic traits,such as tuber yield,tuber number,mean tuber weight,tuber shape,eye depth,skin smoothness,flesh color,and specific gravity,were measured for 4x 2x tetraploid progenies in seedling generation,and their parents as well.All of the diploid hybrids had some merit for specific traits and the DH39 was more promising;high specific gravity trait in some diploid hybrids was successfully introgressed into tetroploid progenies via 4x 2x crosses.These diploid hybrids have potential value in potato breeding.

Characteristics of a radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet produced with a hybrid cross-linear-field electrode configuration

Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)jet has wide applications in various fields including advanced materials synthesis and modifications,biomedicine,environmental protection and energy saving,etc.Appropriate control on the volume,temperature and chemically reactive species concentratio ns of the CAP jet is of great importance in actual applications.In this paper,an radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge(RF-APGD)plasma generator with a hybrid cross-linear-field electrode configuration is proposed.The experimental results show that,with the aid of the copper mesh located at the downstream of the traditional co-axial-type plasma generator with a cross-field electrode configuration,a linear field between the inner powered electrode of the traditional plasma generator and the copper mesh can be established.This linerfield can,to some extent,enhance the discharges at the upstream of the copper mesh,resulting in small increments(all less than 12.5%)of the species emission intensities,electron excitation temperatures and gas temperatures by keeping other parameters being unchanged.And due to the intrinsic transparent and conducting features of the grounded copper mesh to the gas flowing,electric current and heat flux of the plasma plumes,a plasma region with higher concentrations of chemically reactive species and larger plasma plume diameters is obtained at the downstream of the grounded copper mesh on the same level of the gas temperature and electron excitation temperature compared to those of the plasma free jet.In addition,the charged particle number densities at the same downstream axial location of the grounded copper mesh decrease significantly compared to those of the plasma free jet.This means that the copper mesh is also,to some extent,helpful for separating the chemically reactive neutral species from the charged particles in side a plasma environment.The preceding results indicate that the cross-linear-field electrode configuration of the plasma generator is an effective approach for tuning the characteristics of the RF-APGD plasma jet in order to obtain an appropriate combination of the plasma jet properties with higher chemically reactive species concentrations,especially relative higher number densities of neutral species,larger plasma volumes and lower gas temperatures.

NOVEL HYBRID GENE VECTOR STABILIZED BY CROSS-LINKING WITH GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Enhanced stability of polyplexes in physiological condition was an important prerequisite for successful systemic gene delivery.Herein novel method was reported to develop stable gene vector by nanotechnology.Thiolated polyplexes were constructed and then cross-linked with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)by gold-thiol interactions.TEM pictures showed that AuNPs were attached to the shell of spherical polyplexes.The hybrid gene vector was stable enough in physiological condition and maintained efficient transfectio...

Studies on the Recross Heterosis Effect of Male-sterile Single-hybrids in Corn

Re-cross was conducted between five ES cytoplasm male-sterile hybrids and four high-oil hybrids, and five normal hybrids, respectively. The oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size were estimated. Results were as follows: The average kernel oil content in the male-sterile hybrid ×high-oil hybrid was 1.6% higher than that of the female parent. The xenia effect value of oil genes was 0.30. The yield and 1000-kernel weight of male-sterile hybrids were 10.1% and 5.8% higher than that of corresponding fertile hybrids respectively, which showed significant cytoplasm effect. The yield of the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid was similar to that of the female parent, but its 1000-kernel weight was 7.3% lower than that of the female parent. Compared with the high-oil male parent, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size of the male-sterile hybrid× high-oil hybrid were higher. Seed-filling rate, the days of seed-filling and IAA content in the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid showed average heterosis tending the female parent, which may be perhaps one of the reasons resulting in the average heterosis tending to the female parent on kernel oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size.

Bidirectional quantum teleportation of unknown photons using path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entanglement and controlled-unitary gates via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path （C-path） gate and a gathering-path （G- path） gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.

HYBRID PERTURBATION-GALERKIN SOLUTION OF THE FLOW IN A CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION TUBE WITH CONSTRICTION

Using hybrid perturbatin_Galerkin technique,a crcular cross_section tube model with sinusoidal wall is studied.This technique can remove the limitation of small parameters for perturbation and the difficulty of selecting good coordinate functions about Galerkin technique.The effects caused by the boundary conditions and the Reynolds number on the flow were discussed.The position of the separate and reattachment points was obtained.The tendency of the variation about the shear stress on the wall and friction factor along the axis direction were also analyzed.The results at a small parameter have good agreements with the perturbation ones.

HB柚×华柑4号杂交后代柑橘果实相关性状遗传分析

【目的】探讨以HB柚为母本、华柑4号为父本的杂交后代群体果实相关性状的遗传规律,为杂交育种亲本的选配提供理论依据。【方法】测定该组合53个杂交后代果实的单果质量、纵径、横径、果皮厚度及维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量等性状指标,分析杂交后代的遗传规律。【结果】HB柚×华柑4号组合后代果实形状出现了4种类型,以高扁圆形、圆形或近圆形、椭圆形为主,比例分别为41.51%、39.62%和13.21%;果皮颜色在杂交群体后代中出现3种性状类型,分别为橙红色、橙色和黄色,比例分别为7.50%、62.26%和30.19%;果肉颜色只出现橙色和黄色2种性状类型,比例分别为60.37%和39.62%。子代果实成熟期除1株中熟品系外,其余52株在12月下旬之后成熟,均比父母本更晚成熟。杂交后代单果质量、纵径和横径呈现趋中偏小变异;果形指数、果皮厚度、种子数和可食率呈现趋中变异;出汁率、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比表现为趋低遗传趋势;可滴定酸和维生素C含量呈现出超亲趋势。【结论】推测HB柚×华柑4号杂交后代的成熟期趋向父本遗传,单果质量、纵径、横径、果皮厚度及维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量等性状可能是受多个基因控制的数量性状。

基于Hybrid模式的旅游系统混合应用的设计与实现

针对移动端旅游系统的开发存在周期长、成本高的问题,提出基于Hybrid模式的旅游系统混合应用开发方法。选取AppCan集成开发工具,采用HTML5+CSS3+JavaScript作为开发语言,并使用各种插件API实现了旅游景区信息展示、地图导航、社交平台分享、登录注册等功能。实践表明,本系统用户体验良好,开发成本低,基于Hybrid模式切实能为旅游等应用系统的开发节省开发成本,提升成果可移植性。

On Significance of Heterotic Group Theory in Hybrid Rice Breeding

Heterotic group theory （HGT） has played a major role in supporting hybrid maize breeding for about 100 years. The basic content and studies of HGT, and its application in rice and maize were summarized in this paper. Additionally, difficulties and challenges for hybrid rice breeding in China were analyzed, and necessity and urgency in hybrid rice breeding by using HGT were proposed.

Variation Analysis of Seed and Seedling Traits of Cross Combination Progenies in Populus

Twenty-five species and hybrids in Populus were used as parents, and 26 cross combinations, including more than 5000 seedlings, were obtained by artificial cross breeding. The length of infructescence, number of seeds per infructescence, thousand-seed weight, germination rate of seeds among these cross combinations were tested. The results indicated that the cross combinational effects were significant for these traits, and demonstrated that the length of infructescence, thousand-seed weight were positively affected by female parent. In addition, seedling height, diameter above ground, diameter at breast height （DBH） of 17 cross combination progenies were investigated. The analysis of mean and standard deviation of these three traits showed that seedling height, diameter above ground, DBH had extensive variation among combinations and individuals within combination. Variance analysis and estimate of heritability indicated that the three traits had wide variation and were controlled by heredity. It was feasible to select superior cross combinations and seedlings. Further more, the result of multiple comparison showed that P.deltoides ‘Lux＇× P.deltoides ‘D324＇, P.ussuriensis cl. ‘U4＇× P deltoides ‘T66＇, P.ussuriensis cl. ‘U4＇× P. deltoides ‘T26＇, P.deltoides ‘Lux＇× P.ussuriensis cl. ‘U3＇, （P.tomentosa×P.bolleana）×（P.alba×P.glandulosa）, （P.alba×P.tomentosa）×（P.alba×P.glandulosa）, and （P.alba×P.glandulosa‘No.2＇）× P. tomentosa ‘Lumao 50＇ were superior cross combinations with higher growth rate. Finally, 123 elite seedlings were selected for further test.

New hybridization of PO, SBR, and MoM for scattering by large complex conducting objects

As a marked extension of the traditional MoM-PO （method of moment-physical optics） hybrid method, a new hybridization of PO, SBR, and MoM （MoM-SBR/PO） is presented to calculate the multireflection contribution in the PO region efficiently by introducing the method of SBR based on RDN notion, which avoids the time-consuming iterative procedure and the choice of proper Green＇s function. As compared with the traditional MoM-PO hybrid method, the calculation efficiency of the proposed method is greatly improved, and its validity is verified by numerical results.

A mobile application framework of the BIM-based facility management system under the cross-platform structure

The building information model/modeling （BIM） technology is currently applied in a broad range of applications and research for facility management, while the BIM-based mobile FM is difficult owing to various factors and environments. For example, the mobile applications usually require frequent cross-equipment compatibility. This paper proposes a reasonable BIM-based FM cross-platform framework and develops a mobile application on the basis of an existing BIM-based FM system. The developed mobile application is applied in a case study of a metro station project in Guangzhou to verify its effectiveness in FM practice. It helps maintenance staff in viewing BIMs, accessing related information, and updating maintenance records in a unique platform. The test results demonstrate that the proposed BIM-based cross-platform framework meet the FM application requirements and supports the extension of FM functions.

On Cross-Layer Design of AMC Based on Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo Codes

This paper extends the work on cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding at the physical layer and hybrid automatic repeat request protocol at the data link layer. By contrast with previous works on this topic, the present development and the performance analysis as well, is based on rate compatible punctured turbo codes. Rate compatibility provides incremental redundancy in transmission of parity bits for error correction at the data link layer. Turbo coding and iterative decoding gives lower packet error rate values in low signal-to-noise ratio regions of the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) schemes. Thus, the applied cross-layer design results in AMC schemes can achieve better spectral efficiency than convolutional one while it retains the QoS requirements at the application layer. Numerical results in terms of spectral efficiency for both turbo and convolutional rate compatible punctured codes are presented. For a more comprehensive presentation, the performance of rate compatible LDPC is contrasted with turbo case as well as the performance complexity is discussed for each of the above codes.

Cross-layer design of combining AMC with HARQ in cooperative relay system with perfect and imperfect CSI

A cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol at the data link layer (LL) is presented, in cooperative relay system over Nakagami-m fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In order to maximize spectral efficiency (SE) under delay and packet error rate (PER) performance constraints, a state transition model and an optimization framework with perfect CSI are presented. Then the framework is extended to cooperative relay system with imperfect CSI. The numerical results show that the scheme can achieve maximum SE while satisfying transmitting delay requirements. Compared with the imperfect CSI, the average PER with perfect CSI is much lower and the spectral efficiency is much higher.

浙江红花油茶×广宁红花油茶杂交子代的表型性状及其SSR分子鉴定

浙江红花油茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa)种仁含油率和油酸含量高,广宁红花油茶(C.semiserrata)具有较强的生长势和抗性。为了利用浙江红花油茶和广宁红花油茶的优点,培育优良种质材料,该研究对浙江红花油茶与广宁红花油茶的45个F_(1)杂交子代进行表型性状分析,以掌握杂交子代的表型性状情况,同时利用SSR标记对其进行杂种真伪鉴定,并筛选可用于油茶杂交子代鉴定的SSR标记。结果表明:(1)浙江红花油茶×广宁红花油茶的F_(1)子代表现为树形高大、生长迅速且其叶脉、萼片、柱头均倾向于父本广宁红花油茶的性状,而花和叶片形态等性状与母本浙江红花油茶接近,叶片颜色与大小等特征介于双亲特征之间。(2)从32个SSR标记中筛选出了8个可区分双亲且能明确杂交子代来源的完全互补型标记,用于开展杂交子代鉴定,其中7个标记杂种鉴定效率高达100%,1个标记杂种鉴定效率为55.56%;8个标记相互补充鉴定出45个杂交子代全是真杂种。(3)8个SSR标记对杂交子代进行的鉴定能力验证表明,利用这些SSR标记鉴定油茶杂交子代是可行的。该研究结果为油茶物种间的杂交育种提供了参考,同时也为后续油茶物种间的杂交子代SSR标记鉴定提供了依据。

基于Hybrid App的电影产业数据可视化的研究与实现

在剖析混合模式移动应用开发相关技术基础上,从系统架构和系统设计等方面阐述了运用混合模式移动应用开发技术、数据采集技术以及数据可视化技术相结合,开发设计跨iOS、Android、手机Web平台的电影产业数据可视化应用的过程,为Hybrid App的可视化开发提供一定的参考依据。

具有尖锐吸收截面和显著增强电场的等离激元-光子混合谐振腔

研究了由二维光子晶体微腔和金纳米天线组成的等离激元-光子混合谐振腔中光学谐振腔对等离激元谐振腔的额外贡献。研究结果表明:与纯等离激元谐振腔相比,混合体系的吸收截面和电场强度均明显增强。特别地,混合谐振腔的吸收截面谱呈现出类Fano线形和尖峰,可以通过改变金纳米天线的数量或金纳米天线与光子晶体微腔之间的共振波长失谐进行调制。此外,混合谐振腔的电场增强因子比金纳米天线高出3个数量级。可为光热探测和光谱增强研究提供新的平台。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥方案构思与总体设计

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁两用大桥主桥采用(3×100+808+3×100)m超短边跨钢-混组合混合梁斜拉桥,一跨跨越通航水域。该桥公铁分层布置,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。主梁采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确、经济性好。中跨主梁采用板桁-箱桁组合结构钢梁,桥面结构参与主桁受力,具有高效综合性能。边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合梁,融结构受力和锚固压重于一体,叠合板采用32 cm厚预制板+40 cm厚现浇层。钢-混结合段采用“钢格室+承压板”构造,钢-混结合面位于桥塔向中跨侧4.6 m。桥塔采用H形混凝土塔,基础采用35根直径4.0 m的大直径钻孔灌注桩。斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度2000 MPa的平行钢丝成品索,最大规格为PES(C)7-547。索梁锚固采用副桁弦杆节点兜底钢锚箱结构,传力可靠、抗疲劳性能好。索塔锚固创新地采用自平衡交叉混合锚固技术,以适应大规格斜拉索锚固。钢桁梁采用“纵向分段、横向分区”制造、运输、现场吊装的施工方案。

食用菌杂交育种中的技术策略(上)

杂交育种是食用菌育种的重要方法,但是杂交育种实践存在诸多不确定性。笔者倡导建立食用菌理性杂交育种体系,并分析实现该体系的9个技术策略,包括育种目标、杂交理念、骨干亲本、杂交路径、杂交体量、杂交代际、品种系谱、品种系列以及种质资源。明确的育种目标是食用菌育种实践的第一要素,准确理解和正确运用杂交育种理念是培育新品种的关键;骨干亲本是杂交育种的核心材料,是理性杂交育种的关键物质要素;合适的杂交体量和合理的杂交组合能够提升获得优良杂交子的概率;杂交代际的合理设计和杂交路径的准确判断体现出育种者对育种目标及育种材料的深刻理解与精准掌控,有助于通过基因重组等路径强化优良农艺性状,有助于减少杂交子遗传不稳定性;品种系谱的传承有序既是大量育种实践的结果,更是理性杂交育种的基石;丰富多样的品种系列是食用菌杂交育种成果的直观体现,也是适应多样栽培环境和满足广泛市场需求的必然产物;丰富多样的种质资源是杂交育种实践的重要物质载体,要重视对其遗传多样性的挖掘。建立理性的食用菌杂交育种体系,不仅能够增强育种实践的确定性,提高育种成果的预见性,还可为评判育种实践的成效、成功、成果提供至关重要的参考依据。