Evaluation of some Newly Developed Diploid Hybrids and their Breeding Value in 4x-2x Crosses

The narrow genetic base in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) limits the progress in cultivar development.The rich diploid germplasm in the origin center of potato provide a unique resource for improvement of tetraploid potatoes.Seven newly developed diploid hybrids with 2n pollen production,all of which have S. phureja background,were developed and evaluated for their value in potato breeding.They were crossed as male parnets to six tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars,and seeds in large quantity from eleven crosses were obtained.Main agronomic traits,such as tuber yield,tuber number,mean tuber weight,tuber shape,eye depth,skin smoothness,flesh color,and specific gravity,were measured for 4x 2x tetraploid progenies in seedling generation,and their parents as well.All of the diploid hybrids had some merit for specific traits and the DH39 was more promising;high specific gravity trait in some diploid hybrids was successfully introgressed into tetroploid progenies via 4x 2x crosses.These diploid hybrids have potential value in potato breeding.

Studies on the Recross Heterosis Effect of Male-sterile Single-hybrids in Corn

Re-cross was conducted between five ES cytoplasm male-sterile hybrids and four high-oil hybrids, and five normal hybrids, respectively. The oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size were estimated. Results were as follows: The average kernel oil content in the male-sterile hybrid ×high-oil hybrid was 1.6% higher than that of the female parent. The xenia effect value of oil genes was 0.30. The yield and 1000-kernel weight of male-sterile hybrids were 10.1% and 5.8% higher than that of corresponding fertile hybrids respectively, which showed significant cytoplasm effect. The yield of the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid was similar to that of the female parent, but its 1000-kernel weight was 7.3% lower than that of the female parent. Compared with the high-oil male parent, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size of the male-sterile hybrid× high-oil hybrid were higher. Seed-filling rate, the days of seed-filling and IAA content in the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid showed average heterosis tending the female parent, which may be perhaps one of the reasons resulting in the average heterosis tending to the female parent on kernel oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size.

Creating New Germplasm by Distant Hybridization in Stone Fruits:Ⅰ.Effects of Different Treatments on Cross Compatibility of Distant Hybridization inStone Fruits

The effects of different treatments on cross compatibility in distant hybridization werestudied in 69 cross combinations among 9 cultivars of stone fruits. The results showedthat the setting percentage in balloon stage was obviously higher than that in earlyblooming stage. The differences of fruit set between positive and reverse crosses weresignificant. Female parent affected cross compatibility more remarkably than male parentin distant hybridization. The appropriate electrostatic field, He-Ne laser combinedtreatment with 60Co γ-ray and He-Ne laser could improve the pollen germination rate invitro effectively, the fruit set percentage was higher than control, while 60Co γ-raytreatment reduced the pollen germination rate in vitro, and the fruit set percentageobtained by distant hybridization was lower than control.

Characteristics of a radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet produced with a hybrid cross-linear-field electrode configuration

Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)jet has wide applications in various fields including advanced materials synthesis and modifications,biomedicine,environmental protection and energy saving,etc.Appropriate control on the volume,temperature and chemically reactive species concentratio ns of the CAP jet is of great importance in actual applications.In this paper,an radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge(RF-APGD)plasma generator with a hybrid cross-linear-field electrode configuration is proposed.The experimental results show that,with the aid of the copper mesh located at the downstream of the traditional co-axial-type plasma generator with a cross-field electrode configuration,a linear field between the inner powered electrode of the traditional plasma generator and the copper mesh can be established.This linerfield can,to some extent,enhance the discharges at the upstream of the copper mesh,resulting in small increments(all less than 12.5%)of the species emission intensities,electron excitation temperatures and gas temperatures by keeping other parameters being unchanged.And due to the intrinsic transparent and conducting features of the grounded copper mesh to the gas flowing,electric current and heat flux of the plasma plumes,a plasma region with higher concentrations of chemically reactive species and larger plasma plume diameters is obtained at the downstream of the grounded copper mesh on the same level of the gas temperature and electron excitation temperature compared to those of the plasma free jet.In addition,the charged particle number densities at the same downstream axial location of the grounded copper mesh decrease significantly compared to those of the plasma free jet.This means that the copper mesh is also,to some extent,helpful for separating the chemically reactive neutral species from the charged particles in side a plasma environment.The preceding results indicate that the cross-linear-field electrode configuration of the plasma generator is an effective approach for tuning the characteristics of the RF-APGD plasma jet in order to obtain an appropriate combination of the plasma jet properties with higher chemically reactive species concentrations,especially relative higher number densities of neutral species,larger plasma volumes and lower gas temperatures.

NOVEL HYBRID GENE VECTOR STABILIZED BY CROSS-LINKING WITH GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Enhanced stability of polyplexes in physiological condition was an important prerequisite for successful systemic gene delivery.Herein novel method was reported to develop stable gene vector by nanotechnology.Thiolated polyplexes were constructed and then cross-linked with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)by gold-thiol interactions.TEM pictures showed that AuNPs were attached to the shell of spherical polyplexes.The hybrid gene vector was stable enough in physiological condition and maintained efficient transfectio...

Bidirectional quantum teleportation of unknown photons using path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entanglement and controlled-unitary gates via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path （C-path） gate and a gathering-path （G- path） gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.

HYBRID PERTURBATION-GALERKIN SOLUTION OF THE FLOW IN A CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION TUBE WITH CONSTRICTION

Using hybrid perturbatin_Galerkin technique,a crcular cross_section tube model with sinusoidal wall is studied.This technique can remove the limitation of small parameters for perturbation and the difficulty of selecting good coordinate functions about Galerkin technique.The effects caused by the boundary conditions and the Reynolds number on the flow were discussed.The position of the separate and reattachment points was obtained.The tendency of the variation about the shear stress on the wall and friction factor along the axis direction were also analyzed.The results at a small parameter have good agreements with the perturbation ones.

浙江红花油茶×广宁红花油茶杂交子代的表型性状及其SSR分子鉴定

浙江红花油茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa)种仁含油率和油酸含量高,广宁红花油茶(C.semiserrata)具有较强的生长势和抗性。为了利用浙江红花油茶和广宁红花油茶的优点,培育优良种质材料,该研究对浙江红花油茶与广宁红花油茶的45个F_(1)杂交子代进行表型性状分析,以掌握杂交子代的表型性状情况,同时利用SSR标记对其进行杂种真伪鉴定,并筛选可用于油茶杂交子代鉴定的SSR标记。结果表明:(1)浙江红花油茶×广宁红花油茶的F_(1)子代表现为树形高大、生长迅速且其叶脉、萼片、柱头均倾向于父本广宁红花油茶的性状,而花和叶片形态等性状与母本浙江红花油茶接近,叶片颜色与大小等特征介于双亲特征之间。(2)从32个SSR标记中筛选出了8个可区分双亲且能明确杂交子代来源的完全互补型标记,用于开展杂交子代鉴定,其中7个标记杂种鉴定效率高达100%,1个标记杂种鉴定效率为55.56%;8个标记相互补充鉴定出45个杂交子代全是真杂种。(3)8个SSR标记对杂交子代进行的鉴定能力验证表明,利用这些SSR标记鉴定油茶杂交子代是可行的。该研究结果为油茶物种间的杂交育种提供了参考,同时也为后续油茶物种间的杂交子代SSR标记鉴定提供了依据。

具有尖锐吸收截面和显著增强电场的等离激元-光子混合谐振腔

研究了由二维光子晶体微腔和金纳米天线组成的等离激元-光子混合谐振腔中光学谐振腔对等离激元谐振腔的额外贡献。研究结果表明:与纯等离激元谐振腔相比,混合体系的吸收截面和电场强度均明显增强。特别地,混合谐振腔的吸收截面谱呈现出类Fano线形和尖峰,可以通过改变金纳米天线的数量或金纳米天线与光子晶体微腔之间的共振波长失谐进行调制。此外,混合谐振腔的电场增强因子比金纳米天线高出3个数量级。可为光热探测和光谱增强研究提供新的平台。

基于延迟线组合调相的高能效自适应混合预编码方案

针对毫米波大规模多输入多输出系统采用混合预编码技术所带来的高功耗影响,基于延迟线组合调相器件设计了一种间接全连接型混合预编码系统结构,并提出一种自适应连接的混合预编码方案,可大幅减少与天线直连的调相器数量从而降低硬件造成的功耗损失。方案将编码矩阵的求解分为数字编码矩阵、模拟编码矩阵和开关组成的连接交换矩阵3个部分进行交替优化;提出一种基于互补正交投影矩阵的算法来解决模拟编码矩阵的优化;利用功率约束条件和最小二乘算法简化数字编码矩阵的求解;针对连接交换矩阵的离散组合优化问题,利用低复杂度的交叉熵算法进行优化。仿真结果表明,所提方案可以保证系统性能在接近纯数字预编码方案的同时有效提高系统的能量效率。

容错深度学习加速器跨层优化

容错深度学习加速器是保障高可靠深度学习的基石,也是深度学习应用于安全关键领域如宇航、机器人等面临的一个关键环节.然而,深度学习计算和访存都非常密集,传统基于冗余计算的容错方法直接应用于深度学习加速器的容错设计会导致严重的功耗、芯片面积等硬件资源开销.为此,从神经元计算任务和神经元的数据位宽2个维度挖掘深度学习模型对于故障的敏感度差异,并利用这些差异从架构和电路层分别对于敏感的部分提供更多的保护以降低容错代价.同时,利用深度学习自身的容错特性,通过限制量化缩小电路层需要保护的电路逻辑规模.最后,利用贝叶斯优化协同优化算法、架构和电路的跨层设计参数,在保障深度学习可靠性、精度以及性能的前提下,最小化硬件资源开销.

杉木单交F_(1)代的表型变异及杂种优势分析

为定向创制杉木变异、开展家系内优良单株选择,以杉木优良杂交组合6421×27及其6年生单交F_(1)代群体为研究对象,对表征其形态、生长及材性的12个表型性状进行变异分析,探讨杉木优良种质形态、生长与材性性状的表型变异规律,以及性状之间的相关关系。结果表明:杉木F_(1)代群体的12个表型性状的变异系数范围为8.21%~37.97%,5个性状的变异系数达15%以上。在66对性状的相关关系中,中等强度的正相关关系占36.36%;木材基本密度的变异系数为8.21%,与其余11个性状均无显著相关性;131株F_(1)子代表现出正负两个方向的中亲优势,8个性状存在显性遗传效应,中优势率范围为-31.18%~90.44%,其中一级侧枝数存在明显的超亲优势;聚类分析把131株F_(1)子代分为3个大类群、6个亚群,各类群特征明显。杉木杂交子代在生长和分枝性状上具有较大的变异,浓密宽冠型杉木在幼龄期有明显的生长优势,杉木一级侧枝数存在明显的杂种优势,形态性状具有显性遗传效应。

基于光伏充电的低压混合式断路器设计及仿真

直流断路器是实现直流系统电流故障清除和隔离的关键设备。基于人工过零点的直流断路器熄弧时刻具有不确定性,且换流电容需要更换辅助电源,降低断路器可靠性,增加维护成本。为此,在传统直流断路器基础上,提出了一种基于光伏充电的混合式直流断路器拓扑结构设计方案。该方案在断路器过零点未熄弧时闭锁IGBT开关,加速电弧熄灭,并设计光伏储能供电系统为换流电容预充电能,以保障断路器持续运行。同时对所提断路器的拓扑结构、开断时序、拓扑参数进行了设计,基于MATLAB/Simulink实验平台建立了150 V混合式直流断路器模型,讨论IGBT开关器件闭锁时刻及电阻电容二极管(resistance-capacitance diode,RCD)缓冲电路对断路器开断的影响。在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析了正常和短路工况下断路器开断过程,验证了所提方案的可行性。

双层级设施选址问题及其混合免疫优化算法

随着全球贸易化、跨境电商的日渐发展,B2C模式下的电子商务网络配送业务也日益庞大。仓储需求、货物流转量与日俱增,甚至面临供不应求的市场局面。结合B2C模式下仓库设施有容量且服务于每个配送中心、配送中心无容量且服务于多个客户的需求特点,文章以仓库、配送中心2个阶段的设施作为选址研究对象,建立了双层级设施选址的混合整数规划模型。针对该模型的特点,设计了一种改进的混合免疫优化算法对该问题进行求解,运用随机化与贪心聚类算法结合的方法生成初始解,再通过原始免疫优化算法对抗体进行评价排序,最后在免疫操作中加入交叉变异算子。将混合免疫优化算法与CPLEX进行对比,然后进行大量的算例测试,与其他3种算法的时间和结果进行比较,时间及其结果都取得了理想成果,验证了所提模型的可行性和所提算法的有效性。

一种结构化双注意力混合通道增强的跨模态行人重识别方法

在目前跨模态行人重识别技术的研究中,大部分现有的方法会通过单模态原始可见光图像或者对抗生成图像的局部共享特征来降低跨模态差异,导致在红外图像判别中由于底层特征信息丢失而缺乏稳定的识别准确率。为了解决该问题,该文提出一种结构化双注意力可交换混合随机通道增强的特征融合跨模态行人重识别方法,利用通道增强后的可视图像作为第三模态,通过图像通道可交换随机混合增强(I-CSA)模块对可见光图像进行单通道和三通道随机混合增强抽取,从而突出行人的姿态结构细节,在学习中减少模态间差异。结构化联合注意力特征融合(SAFF)模块在注重模态间行人姿态结构关系的前提下,为跨模态表征学习提供更丰富的监督,增强了模态变化中共享特征的鲁棒性。在SYSU-MM01数据集全搜索模式单摄设置下Rank-1和mAP分别达到71.2%和68.1%,优于同类前沿方法。

基于介质谐振器的薄导电板侧向回射增强设计

该文提出了基于无源介质谐振器腔内磁偶极子谐振的准超方向性再辐射,旨在增强薄导电板受到平面电磁波侧向照射时的后向散射截面。在平面电磁波激励下,设计适当的长方介质体中可诱导产生具有磁偶极子再辐射特征的混合电磁谐振模式。以长方介质体为基本谐振单元,将两个相同的介质体沿入射波传播方向紧密级联以组成一个超单元。超单元的两个介质体中的磁场强度与电场强度矢量均呈现相反的方向且相近的幅度,接近等幅而反相的内部场分布使超单元类似一个二元准超方向性磁偶极子阵列,由此产生的准超方向性再辐射有效地贡献于后向散射截面增强。进一步,由镜像原理,将超单元剖面厚度减半并加载于薄导电板表面。结果表明,剖面厚度仅为0.078λ0的介质谐振器形成基于磁偶极子的准超方向性再辐射,在谐振频率处可显著修改薄导电板的侧向回射特性,进而在相对宽带宽角范围内对侧向入射波实现有效的后向散射截面增强。

挪威红牛改良荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率分析

[目的]研究现存混养的条件下挪威红牛配种荷斯坦奶牛后的妊娠优势,以提高荷斯坦奶牛的繁殖力。[方法]以荷斯坦奶牛作为母本,进口挪威红牛冻精为父本,进行杂交改良(挪威红牛♂×荷斯坦奶牛♀),培育杂种牛,统计不同月份、不同年龄段的配种数、妊娠数、妊娠率。[结果]杂交种牛相比于荷斯坦牛,自然发情配种的妊娠率提高36.41百分点;同期处理配种,妊娠率提高30.24百分点;青年牛配种,妊娠率提高47.64百分点;群体年度配种,妊娠率提高了36.83百分点,杂交牛场配种妊娠率显著高于荷斯坦牛场。[结论]杂交牛场经过挪威红牛乳肉兼用型牛的品种改良,明显提高了牛场群体繁育率。

局部阴影条件下的新型光伏阵列混合重构方法

对于光伏发电系统,局部阴影可导致输出功率下降,甚至产生热斑效应。采用重构方法能够有效降低局部阴影的影响,减少功率损失,提高输出功率。针对现有重构方法存在的不足,本文结合动、静态重构方法的优点,基于全交联(TCT)结构光伏阵列,提出一种新型混合重构(NHR)方法。首先,将整个光伏阵列划分为四个子阵列,并基于插空列循环(ICL)静态重构方法对子阵列进行重构;然后,采用开关控制技术对各子阵列进行动态重构,得到最优结构;最后,在局部阴影条件下,基于Matlab/Simulink软件搭建光伏阵列仿真模型,对比分析NHR方法与其他重构方法的仿真结果。结果表明,采用NHR方法能有效分散被阴影遮挡的组件,降低失配损失,有利于提高光伏阵列输出功率,明显减少其输出特性曲线上的峰值个数,使其输出性能更优。

基于Hybrid模式的旅游系统混合应用的设计与实现

针对移动端旅游系统的开发存在周期长、成本高的问题,提出基于Hybrid模式的旅游系统混合应用开发方法。选取AppCan集成开发工具,采用HTML5+CSS3+JavaScript作为开发语言,并使用各种插件API实现了旅游景区信息展示、地图导航、社交平台分享、登录注册等功能。实践表明,本系统用户体验良好,开发成本低,基于Hybrid模式切实能为旅游等应用系统的开发节省开发成本,提升成果可移植性。

无线和电力线混合通信的MAC层接入算法设计和性能分析

电力线和无线混合通信可以优势互补提升电力物联网室内覆盖的综合性能。针对无线接入和电力线中继的混合通信场景,文章提出一种适用于两跳混合中继的通用MAC层算法。综合考虑物理层信道参数和MAC层的载波侦听多路访问(carrier sense multiple access,CSMA)退避流程,建立了该MAC层算法的跨层性能分析模型,推导了两跳传输系统归一化吞吐量以及系统时延等性能;最后仿真验证了算法有效性和模型准确性,分析了物理层和MAC层关键参数影响系统性能的机理。与Basic-RTS/CTS算法相比,所提算法可有效提升系统吞吐量和时延性能。