This review aimed to describe the inculpation of microRNAs(miRNAs)in thyroid cancer(TC)and its subtypes,mainly medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC),and to outline web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis ...This review aimed to describe the inculpation of microRNAs(miRNAs)in thyroid cancer(TC)and its subtypes,mainly medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC),and to outline web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC.Additionally,the capacity of miRNAs to serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in TC management will be discussed.This review is based on a literature search of relevant articles on the role of miRNAs in TC and its subtypes,mainly MTC.Additionally,web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC were identified and described.MiRNAs can perform as oncomiRs or antioncoges,relying on the target mRNAs they regulate.MiRNA replacement therapy using miRNA mimics or antimiRs that aim to suppress the function of certain miRNAs can be applied to correct miRNAs aberrantly expressed in diseases,particularly in cancer.MiRNAs are involved in the modulation of fundamental pathways related to cancer,resembling cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways.MiRNAs are also rather stable and can reliably be detected in different types of biological materials,rendering them favorable diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers as well.MiRNAs have emerged as promising tools for evaluating medical outcomes in TC and as possible therapeutic targets.The contribution of miRNAs in thyroid cancer,particularly MTC,is an active area of research,and the utility of web applications and databases for the biological data analysis of miRNAs in TC is becoming increasingly important.展开更多
Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the inc...Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the incidence continues to increase,so the mechanisms related to effective targets is necessary to improve the survival.This study was to preliminarily investigate the effects of the COL4A2 gene on the regulation of thyroid cancer(THCA)cell proliferation and the associated pathways.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL4A2 was closely associated with cancer development.COL4A2 expression in THCA tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival information was determined via Kaplan-Meier curves.The expression of COL4A2 and AKT pathway-related genes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot analyses.Colony formation as well as CCK-8 assays exhibited the cell proliferation level and cell activity,respectively.Downstream of COL4A2 was identified by Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The effects of the COL4A2 and AKT pathways on THCA tumor growth in vivo were determined using a mouse model.Results:Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that COL4A2 plays a significant role in cancer and that the AKT pathway is downstream of COL4A2.THCA patients with high COL4A2 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival.Upregulation of COL4A2 gene expression in 2 THCA cell lines promoted tumor cell growth and activity.The use of AKT pathway blockers also restrained the growth and activity of the 2 THCA cell lines.The use of AKT pathway blockers reduced tumor volume and mass and prolonged mouse survival.Conclusions:COL4A2 can promote the growth as well as development of THCA through the AKT pathway and COL4A2 could be used as a target for THCA.展开更多
Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness an...Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel(Thyro Lead). Patients were classified into RAIR-DTC or non-RAIR groups to determine the differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Molecular risk stratification(MRS) was constructed based on the association between molecular alterations identified and RAI refractoriness, and the results were classified as high, intermediate or low MRS.Results: A total of 220 patients with distant metastases were included, 63.2% of whom were identified as RAIRDTC. Genetic alterations were identified in 90% of all the patients, with BRAF(59.7% vs. 17.3%), TERT promoter(43.9% vs. 7.4%), and TP53 mutations(11.5% vs. 3.7%) being more prevalent in the RAIR-DTC group than in the non-RAIR group, except for RET fusions(15.8% vs. 39.5%), which had the opposite pattern. BRAF and TERT promoter are independent predictors of RAIR-DTC, accounting for 67.6% of patients with RAIR-DTC. MRS was strongly associated with RAI refractoriness(P<0.001), with an odds ratio(OR) of high to low MRS of 7.52 [95%confidence interval(95% CI), 3.96-14.28;P<0.001] and an OR of intermediate to low MRS of 3.20(95% CI,1.01-10.14;P=0.041).Conclusions: Molecular alterations were associated with RAI refractoriness, with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations being the predominant contributors, followed by TP53 and DICER1 mutations. MRS might serve as a valuable tool for both prognosticating clinical outcomes and directing precision-based therapeutic interventions.展开更多
In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroi...In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroid cancer enhance early detection,improve resource allocation,and reduce overtreatment.However,the widespread adoption of these models in clinical practice demands predictive performance along with interpretability and transparency.This paper proposes a novel association-rule based feature-integratedmachine learning model which shows better classification and prediction accuracy than present state-of-the-artmodels.Our study also focuses on the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values as a powerful tool for explaining thyroid cancer prediction models.In the proposed method,the association-rule based feature integration framework identifies frequently occurring attribute combinations in the dataset.The original dataset is used in trainingmachine learning models,and further used in generating SHAP values fromthesemodels.In the next phase,the dataset is integrated with the dominant feature sets identified through association-rule based analysis.This new integrated dataset is used in re-training the machine learning models.The new SHAP values generated from these models help in validating the contributions of feature sets in predicting malignancy.The conventional machine learning models lack interpretability,which can hinder their integration into clinical decision-making systems.In this study,the SHAP values are introduced along with association-rule based feature integration as a comprehensive framework for understanding the contributions of feature sets inmodelling the predictions.The study discusses the importance of reliable predictive models for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer,and a validation framework of explainability.The proposed model shows an accuracy of 93.48%.Performance metrics such as precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)are also higher than the baseline models.The results of the proposed model help us identify the dominant feature sets that impact thyroid cancer classification and prediction.The features{calcification}and{shape}consistently emerged as the top-ranked features associated with thyroid malignancy,in both association-rule based interestingnessmetric values and SHAPmethods.The paper highlights the potential of the rule-based integrated models with SHAP in bridging the gap between the machine learning predictions and the interpretability of this prediction which is required for real-world medical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND The occurrence of thyroid cancer(TC)has increased in recent decades.Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night(ALN)is associated with an increased risk of cancer.AIM To investigated the impact of ALN,as ...BACKGROUND The occurrence of thyroid cancer(TC)has increased in recent decades.Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night(ALN)is associated with an increased risk of cancer.AIM To investigated the impact of ALN,as a significant environmental pollutant,on TC incidence worldwide.METHODS The assessment involved analyzing satellite ALN data in conjunction with TC incidence data[adjusted standardized rate(ASR)],while considering the quality of cancer registries(QCR),gross domestic product(GDP)per person,and health expenditure per person(HEP)for each country.RESULTS Results indicated a correlation between higher ASR and ALN exposure percentages,particularly in countries with higher GDP or HEP quartiles(all P<0.05).Significant differences in ASR were observed across QCR levels,both high and low quality(all P<0.05),but not in countries without registry activity.However,when evaluating ASR against ALN exposure percentages while considering GDP/HEP quartiles or QCR levels,no significant associations were found(all P>0.10).CONCLUSION The findings suggest a potential link between higher GDP and adverse health conditions,serving as possible risk factors for TC,rather than a direct association with ALN.Limitations include the use of cross-sectional data,temporal misalign ment,and reliance on ALN as a socioeconomic proxy.It is proposed that light pollution might be connected to a lifestyle conducive to carcinogenesis.Additionally,the presence of higher GDP/HEP could enhance access to diagnostic resources,potentially facilitating TC diagnosis and inclusion in cancer registries.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Methods:Seventy patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer were s...Objective:To investigate the effect of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Methods:Seventy patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer were selected for the study.TSH inhibition therapy was administered to the research group,while thyroxine replacement therapy was provided to the control group during the postoperative management phase.This allowed for a comparative analysis between the two groups.Results:In comparison with the control group,the research group exhibited significant decreases in serum TSH,T3,and T4 levels after treatment,while FT4 and FT3 levels significantly increased(P<0.05).Additionally,significant decreases in Tg,VEGF,TSGF,CD44V6,and sIL-2R levels were observed in the research group after treatment(P<0.05).No significant differences were found in pre-treatment thyroid function between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The application of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates promising outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from Januar...Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy on sex hormone levels in patients undergoing postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 40 patients undergoing ...Objective:To analyze the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy on sex hormone levels in patients undergoing postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 40 patients undergoing postoperative thyroid cancer treatment were selected for data analysis.TSH suppression therapy was implemented during the postoperative period.Patients were grouped according to the TSH level:TSH<0.1,0.1≤TSH<0.5,and TSH≥0.5.Results:Among male patients,there were no significant differences in sex hormone levels at different dosing times and TSH levels(P>0.05).For female patients,testosterone levels at different dosing times showed no significant differences under the same circumstances(P>0.05).The comparison of testosterone levels at different TSH levels over 5 years of TSH suppression therapy did not yield significant differences(P>0.05).However,the comparison of testosterone levels within 5 years of TSH suppression therapy yielded significant differences(P<0.05),with the lowest levels observed at 0.1≤TSH<0.5.Conclusion:The use of TSH suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer treatment minimally affects sex hormone levels in male patients.However,it has a significant impact on female patients.Therefore,preoperative sex hormone testing is recommended,and postoperative monitoring should include regular sex hormone testing.展开更多
Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully understood.However,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of diabetes.Specifically,ex...Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully understood.However,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of diabetes.Specifically,exposure to certain pollutants,such as particulate Matter and Ozone,has been associated with higher rates of diabetes.At the same time,air pollution has also been linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.While there is less evidence linking air pollution to thyroid cancer than to diabetes,it is clear that air pollution could have severe implications for thyroid health.Air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer through several mechanisms.For example,air pollution could increase inflammation in the body,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Air pollution could also increase oxidative stress,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Additionally,air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer by affecting the endocrine system.This review explores the link between diabetes and air pollution on thyroid cancer.We will discuss the evidence for an association between air pollution exposure and diabetes and thyroid cancer,as well as the potential implications of air pollution for thyroid health.Given the connections between diabetes,air pollution,and thyroid cancer,it is essential to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the condition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer(TC)is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system.In recent years,the incidence and recurrence rates of TC have been raising due to increasing work pressure and irregular lifestyles.Thyr...BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer(TC)is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system.In recent years,the incidence and recurrence rates of TC have been raising due to increasing work pressure and irregular lifestyles.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is a specific parameter for thyroid function screening.This study aims to explore the clinical value of TSH in regulating the progression of TC,so as to find a breakthrough for the early diagnosis and treatment of TC.AIM To explore the value and safety of TSH in the clinical efficacy of patients with TC.METHODS 75 patients with TC admitted to the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of our hospital from September 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the observation group,and 50 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period.The control group was treated with conventional thyroid replacement therapy,and the observation group was treated with TSH suppression therapy.The soluble interleukin(IL)-2 receptor(sIL-2R),IL-17,IL-35levels,free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD44V6,and tumor supplied group of factor(TSGF)levels were observed in the two groups.The occurrence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment with different therapies,the levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group and the control group were higher than those before treatment,while the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).More importantly,the levels of sIL-2R and IL-17 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 4 wk of treatment,while the levels of IL-35 were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those in the control group.There was no significant difference in the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION TSH suppression therapy can improve the immune function of patients with TC,lower the CD44V6 and TSGF levels,and improve serum FT3 and FT4 levels.It demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy and a good safety profile.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recently diagnosed patients with thyroid cancer,papillary thyroid cancer(PTC),as the most common histological subtype,accounts for 90%of all cases.Although PTC is known as a relatively adolescent maligna...BACKGROUND In recently diagnosed patients with thyroid cancer,papillary thyroid cancer(PTC),as the most common histological subtype,accounts for 90%of all cases.Although PTC is known as a relatively adolescent malignant disease,there still is a high possibility of recurrence in PTC patients with a poor prognosis.Therefore,new biomarkers are necessary to guide more effective stratification of PTC patients and personalize therapy to avoid overtreatment or inadequate treatment.Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNAs(miRNAs)have broad application prospects as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer.AIM To explore novel markers consisting of miRNA-associated signatures for PTC prognostication.METHODS We obtained and analyzed the data of 497 PTC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas.The patients were randomly assigned to either a training or testing cohort.RESULTS We discovered 237 differentially expressed miRNAs in tumorous thyroid tissues compared with normal tissues,which contained 172 up-regulated and 65 downregulated miRNAs.The evaluation of differently expressed miRNAs was conducted using our risk score model.We then successfully generated a fourmiRNA potential prognostic signature[risk score=(-0.001×hsa-miR-181a-2-3p)+(0.003×hsa-miR-138-5p)+(-0.018×hsa-miR-424-3p)+(0.284×hsa-miR-612)],which reliably distinguished patients from high and low risk with a significant difference in the overall survival(P<0.01)and was effective in predicting the five-year disease survival rate with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.937 and 0.812 in the training and testing cohorts,respectively.Additionally,there was a trend indicated that high-risk patients had shorter relapse-free survival,although statistical significance was not reached(P=0.082)in our sequencing cohort.CONCLUSION Our results indicated a four-miRNA signature that has a robust predictive effect on the prognosis of PTC.Accordingly,we would recommend more radical therapy and closer follow-ups for highrisk groups.展开更多
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this stu...Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is not commonly observed in patients with Graves’disease(GD).The presence of thyroid nodules in GD is not uncommon.However,a link bet-ween these two entities has been reported.Herein,we repo...BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is not commonly observed in patients with Graves’disease(GD).The presence of thyroid nodules in GD is not uncommon.However,a link bet-ween these two entities has been reported.Herein,we report the case of a patient with GD and thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia,which has not been reported previously in our region.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male patient with GD,receiving carbimazole for 2 years,presented to our hospital.His hyperthyroidism was controlled clinically and biochemically.On clinical examination,he was found to have a left-sided thyroid nodule.Ultra-sound revealed a 2.6 cm hypoechoic nodule with high vascularity.He was then referred for fine needle aspiration which showed that the nodule was highly suspicious for malignancy.The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and was diagnosed with multifocal classical micropapillary thyroid cancer.Post thyroid-ectomy he received radioactive iodine ablation along with levothyroxine replace-ment therapy.CONCLUSION Careful preoperative assessment and thyroid gland ultrasound might assist in screening and diagnosing thyroid cancer in patients with GD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thyroglobulin(Tg)is one of the markers of thyroid cancer,and its concentration may be elevated in patients with malignant thyroid tumors.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is secreted by the pituitary gland,wh...BACKGROUND Thyroglobulin(Tg)is one of the markers of thyroid cancer,and its concentration may be elevated in patients with malignant thyroid tumors.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is secreted by the pituitary gland,which has a significant impact on thyroid gland function.Excessively high or low TSH levels may be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.Thus,in-depth studies on the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with thyroid cancer risk in patients with thyroid nodules are warranted.This can help determine whether Tg and TSH levels can predict the degree of malignancy of thyroid nodules,which can in turn guide doctors in making accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions.Furthermore,such studies can provide more accurate diagnostic methods for thyroid nodules and help patients become aware of the presence of thyroid cancer as early as possible,thereby improving the success rate of treatment and prognosis.AIM To investigate the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer in patients undergoing thyroid nodule surgery.METHODS The clinical data and laboratory examination results of 130 patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Furthermore,their preoperative serum Tg and TSH levels were recorded.Histopathological examination conducted during follow-up revealed the presence of thyroid cancer.Correlation analysis were used to analyze the association of Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer.RESULTS Of the 130 patients,60 were diagnosed with thyroid cancer.Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between serum Tg levels and the risk of thyroid cancer(P<0.05).This suggests that high serum Tg levels are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.However,no significant correlation was observed between serum TSH levels and the risk of thyroid cancer(P>0.05).CONCLUSION In patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery,serum Tg levels exhibited a significant correlation with the risk of thyroid cancer but serum TSH levels did not.These findings suggest that serum Tg can serve as an important biomarker for assessing the risk of thyroid cancer in these patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)is one of the well-differentiated thyroid tumors.Cutaneous metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancers occurs in<1%of primary thyroid carcinomas but produces the worst sur...BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)is one of the well-differentiated thyroid tumors.Cutaneous metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancers occurs in<1%of primary thyroid carcinomas but produces the worst survival prognosis.The multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib has been approved to treat refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer as well as advanced soft-tissue and clear cell sarcomas in China.CASE SUMMARY In a patient with scalp metastasis caused by PTC,thyroid and skull metastasis tumor sizes were significantly reduced after a trial of neoadjuvant anlotinib therapy for 3 cycles.Anlotinib maintenance medication after thyroidectomy further reduced the metastatic skull tumor size thereby preventing the requirement for craniotomy.CONCLUSION The outcome of the present trial confirmed the potential of anlotinib therapy to treat scalp metastasis induced by PTC and point the way for the treatment of similar diseases in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare encounter in clinical practice, but autopsy series showed that it is not so rare. Thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer(CRC) is rare and has a poor pr...BACKGROUND Metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare encounter in clinical practice, but autopsy series showed that it is not so rare. Thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer(CRC) is rare and has a poor prognosis. We herein report a rare case of solitary thyroid metastasis from rectal cancer combined with needle tract implantation after fine-needle aspiration(FNA) of the thyroid nodule and review the relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman with a history of TNM stage Ⅲ CRC presented a 1.3 cm × 1.0 cm mass in the left thyroid gland. FNA and histological examination of the left thyroid lobe surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of isolated metastatic adenocarcinoma from the rectum. Needle tract implantation was observed in the neck 11 mo after the FNA examination. The 2.5-cm seeding lesion was successfully removed by surgery, and the patient recovered well. The literature relevant to this clinical condition, the diagnostic workup, spread pathway, and surgical management of these rare lesions is reviewed.CONCLUSION For a patient with a thyroid mass and a history of CRC, metastatic thyroid carcinoma should be considered even if the patient has no evidence of other organ metastasis from CRC. FNA cytological examination of the thyroid mass is useful in the differential diagnosis between primary thyroid disease and metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid lobectomy of the gland containing the metastatic tumor is suggested in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid.展开更多
Background: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as indicator of renal efficiency potentially related to the ability to release radioactive iodin...Background: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as indicator of renal efficiency potentially related to the ability to release radioactive iodine from the patients bodies and the radioactive iodine whole body effective half-life (WBEHL) defined as the time taken for the administered activity to decay to half of its value for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in a tertiary care medical Centre. Methods: This retrospective observational study included seventy nine patients, sixty females and nineteen males. The patients were divided in two subgroups, those who have WBEHL of less than 11 hours (n = 51) and those with more than 11 (n = 28) hrs based on k-means clustering technique. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between the two subgroups Conclusion: There was not a statistically significant difference between the short and the longer WBEHL patients’ groups analyzed in this study. .展开更多
文摘This review aimed to describe the inculpation of microRNAs(miRNAs)in thyroid cancer(TC)and its subtypes,mainly medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC),and to outline web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC.Additionally,the capacity of miRNAs to serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in TC management will be discussed.This review is based on a literature search of relevant articles on the role of miRNAs in TC and its subtypes,mainly MTC.Additionally,web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC were identified and described.MiRNAs can perform as oncomiRs or antioncoges,relying on the target mRNAs they regulate.MiRNA replacement therapy using miRNA mimics or antimiRs that aim to suppress the function of certain miRNAs can be applied to correct miRNAs aberrantly expressed in diseases,particularly in cancer.MiRNAs are involved in the modulation of fundamental pathways related to cancer,resembling cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways.MiRNAs are also rather stable and can reliably be detected in different types of biological materials,rendering them favorable diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers as well.MiRNAs have emerged as promising tools for evaluating medical outcomes in TC and as possible therapeutic targets.The contribution of miRNAs in thyroid cancer,particularly MTC,is an active area of research,and the utility of web applications and databases for the biological data analysis of miRNAs in TC is becoming increasingly important.
文摘Objectives:Thyroid cancer(THCA)is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence has been increasing worldwide.And the number of patients dying from THCA has also gradually risen because the incidence continues to increase,so the mechanisms related to effective targets is necessary to improve the survival.This study was to preliminarily investigate the effects of the COL4A2 gene on the regulation of thyroid cancer(THCA)cell proliferation and the associated pathways.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL4A2 was closely associated with cancer development.COL4A2 expression in THCA tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival information was determined via Kaplan-Meier curves.The expression of COL4A2 and AKT pathway-related genes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot analyses.Colony formation as well as CCK-8 assays exhibited the cell proliferation level and cell activity,respectively.Downstream of COL4A2 was identified by Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The effects of the COL4A2 and AKT pathways on THCA tumor growth in vivo were determined using a mouse model.Results:Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that COL4A2 plays a significant role in cancer and that the AKT pathway is downstream of COL4A2.THCA patients with high COL4A2 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival.Upregulation of COL4A2 gene expression in 2 THCA cell lines promoted tumor cell growth and activity.The use of AKT pathway blockers also restrained the growth and activity of the 2 THCA cell lines.The use of AKT pathway blockers reduced tumor volume and mass and prolonged mouse survival.Conclusions:COL4A2 can promote the growth as well as development of THCA through the AKT pathway and COL4A2 could be used as a target for THCA.
基金supported by the Project on InterGovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation in National Key Projects of Research and Development Plan (No. 2019YFE0106400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771875)。
文摘Objective: Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC) are often diagnosed with delay and constrained to limited treatment options. The correlation between RAI refractoriness and the underlying genetic characteristics has not been extensively studied.Methods: Adult patients with distant metastatic DTC were enrolled and assigned to undergo next-generation sequencing of a customized 26-gene panel(Thyro Lead). Patients were classified into RAIR-DTC or non-RAIR groups to determine the differences in clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Molecular risk stratification(MRS) was constructed based on the association between molecular alterations identified and RAI refractoriness, and the results were classified as high, intermediate or low MRS.Results: A total of 220 patients with distant metastases were included, 63.2% of whom were identified as RAIRDTC. Genetic alterations were identified in 90% of all the patients, with BRAF(59.7% vs. 17.3%), TERT promoter(43.9% vs. 7.4%), and TP53 mutations(11.5% vs. 3.7%) being more prevalent in the RAIR-DTC group than in the non-RAIR group, except for RET fusions(15.8% vs. 39.5%), which had the opposite pattern. BRAF and TERT promoter are independent predictors of RAIR-DTC, accounting for 67.6% of patients with RAIR-DTC. MRS was strongly associated with RAI refractoriness(P<0.001), with an odds ratio(OR) of high to low MRS of 7.52 [95%confidence interval(95% CI), 3.96-14.28;P<0.001] and an OR of intermediate to low MRS of 3.20(95% CI,1.01-10.14;P=0.041).Conclusions: Molecular alterations were associated with RAI refractoriness, with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations being the predominant contributors, followed by TP53 and DICER1 mutations. MRS might serve as a valuable tool for both prognosticating clinical outcomes and directing precision-based therapeutic interventions.
文摘In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable progress.Accurate predictivemodels for thyroid cancer enhance early detection,improve resource allocation,and reduce overtreatment.However,the widespread adoption of these models in clinical practice demands predictive performance along with interpretability and transparency.This paper proposes a novel association-rule based feature-integratedmachine learning model which shows better classification and prediction accuracy than present state-of-the-artmodels.Our study also focuses on the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values as a powerful tool for explaining thyroid cancer prediction models.In the proposed method,the association-rule based feature integration framework identifies frequently occurring attribute combinations in the dataset.The original dataset is used in trainingmachine learning models,and further used in generating SHAP values fromthesemodels.In the next phase,the dataset is integrated with the dominant feature sets identified through association-rule based analysis.This new integrated dataset is used in re-training the machine learning models.The new SHAP values generated from these models help in validating the contributions of feature sets in predicting malignancy.The conventional machine learning models lack interpretability,which can hinder their integration into clinical decision-making systems.In this study,the SHAP values are introduced along with association-rule based feature integration as a comprehensive framework for understanding the contributions of feature sets inmodelling the predictions.The study discusses the importance of reliable predictive models for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer,and a validation framework of explainability.The proposed model shows an accuracy of 93.48%.Performance metrics such as precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)are also higher than the baseline models.The results of the proposed model help us identify the dominant feature sets that impact thyroid cancer classification and prediction.The features{calcification}and{shape}consistently emerged as the top-ranked features associated with thyroid malignancy,in both association-rule based interestingnessmetric values and SHAPmethods.The paper highlights the potential of the rule-based integrated models with SHAP in bridging the gap between the machine learning predictions and the interpretability of this prediction which is required for real-world medical applications.
文摘BACKGROUND The occurrence of thyroid cancer(TC)has increased in recent decades.Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night(ALN)is associated with an increased risk of cancer.AIM To investigated the impact of ALN,as a significant environmental pollutant,on TC incidence worldwide.METHODS The assessment involved analyzing satellite ALN data in conjunction with TC incidence data[adjusted standardized rate(ASR)],while considering the quality of cancer registries(QCR),gross domestic product(GDP)per person,and health expenditure per person(HEP)for each country.RESULTS Results indicated a correlation between higher ASR and ALN exposure percentages,particularly in countries with higher GDP or HEP quartiles(all P<0.05).Significant differences in ASR were observed across QCR levels,both high and low quality(all P<0.05),but not in countries without registry activity.However,when evaluating ASR against ALN exposure percentages while considering GDP/HEP quartiles or QCR levels,no significant associations were found(all P>0.10).CONCLUSION The findings suggest a potential link between higher GDP and adverse health conditions,serving as possible risk factors for TC,rather than a direct association with ALN.Limitations include the use of cross-sectional data,temporal misalign ment,and reliance on ALN as a socioeconomic proxy.It is proposed that light pollution might be connected to a lifestyle conducive to carcinogenesis.Additionally,the presence of higher GDP/HEP could enhance access to diagnostic resources,potentially facilitating TC diagnosis and inclusion in cancer registries.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Methods:Seventy patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer were selected for the study.TSH inhibition therapy was administered to the research group,while thyroxine replacement therapy was provided to the control group during the postoperative management phase.This allowed for a comparative analysis between the two groups.Results:In comparison with the control group,the research group exhibited significant decreases in serum TSH,T3,and T4 levels after treatment,while FT4 and FT3 levels significantly increased(P<0.05).Additionally,significant decreases in Tg,VEGF,TSGF,CD44V6,and sIL-2R levels were observed in the research group after treatment(P<0.05).No significant differences were found in pre-treatment thyroid function between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The application of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates promising outcomes.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy on sex hormone levels in patients undergoing postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 40 patients undergoing postoperative thyroid cancer treatment were selected for data analysis.TSH suppression therapy was implemented during the postoperative period.Patients were grouped according to the TSH level:TSH<0.1,0.1≤TSH<0.5,and TSH≥0.5.Results:Among male patients,there were no significant differences in sex hormone levels at different dosing times and TSH levels(P>0.05).For female patients,testosterone levels at different dosing times showed no significant differences under the same circumstances(P>0.05).The comparison of testosterone levels at different TSH levels over 5 years of TSH suppression therapy did not yield significant differences(P>0.05).However,the comparison of testosterone levels within 5 years of TSH suppression therapy yielded significant differences(P<0.05),with the lowest levels observed at 0.1≤TSH<0.5.Conclusion:The use of TSH suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer treatment minimally affects sex hormone levels in male patients.However,it has a significant impact on female patients.Therefore,preoperative sex hormone testing is recommended,and postoperative monitoring should include regular sex hormone testing.
文摘Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully understood.However,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of diabetes.Specifically,exposure to certain pollutants,such as particulate Matter and Ozone,has been associated with higher rates of diabetes.At the same time,air pollution has also been linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.While there is less evidence linking air pollution to thyroid cancer than to diabetes,it is clear that air pollution could have severe implications for thyroid health.Air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer through several mechanisms.For example,air pollution could increase inflammation in the body,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Air pollution could also increase oxidative stress,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Additionally,air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer by affecting the endocrine system.This review explores the link between diabetes and air pollution on thyroid cancer.We will discuss the evidence for an association between air pollution exposure and diabetes and thyroid cancer,as well as the potential implications of air pollution for thyroid health.Given the connections between diabetes,air pollution,and thyroid cancer,it is essential to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the condition.
文摘BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer(TC)is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system.In recent years,the incidence and recurrence rates of TC have been raising due to increasing work pressure and irregular lifestyles.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is a specific parameter for thyroid function screening.This study aims to explore the clinical value of TSH in regulating the progression of TC,so as to find a breakthrough for the early diagnosis and treatment of TC.AIM To explore the value and safety of TSH in the clinical efficacy of patients with TC.METHODS 75 patients with TC admitted to the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of our hospital from September 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the observation group,and 50 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period.The control group was treated with conventional thyroid replacement therapy,and the observation group was treated with TSH suppression therapy.The soluble interleukin(IL)-2 receptor(sIL-2R),IL-17,IL-35levels,free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD44V6,and tumor supplied group of factor(TSGF)levels were observed in the two groups.The occurrence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment with different therapies,the levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group and the control group were higher than those before treatment,while the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).More importantly,the levels of sIL-2R and IL-17 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 4 wk of treatment,while the levels of IL-35 were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those in the control group.There was no significant difference in the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION TSH suppression therapy can improve the immune function of patients with TC,lower the CD44V6 and TSGF levels,and improve serum FT3 and FT4 levels.It demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy and a good safety profile.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20190209 and No.Y2020739the Hospital Research Incubation Program,No.FHY2019075。
文摘BACKGROUND In recently diagnosed patients with thyroid cancer,papillary thyroid cancer(PTC),as the most common histological subtype,accounts for 90%of all cases.Although PTC is known as a relatively adolescent malignant disease,there still is a high possibility of recurrence in PTC patients with a poor prognosis.Therefore,new biomarkers are necessary to guide more effective stratification of PTC patients and personalize therapy to avoid overtreatment or inadequate treatment.Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNAs(miRNAs)have broad application prospects as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer.AIM To explore novel markers consisting of miRNA-associated signatures for PTC prognostication.METHODS We obtained and analyzed the data of 497 PTC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas.The patients were randomly assigned to either a training or testing cohort.RESULTS We discovered 237 differentially expressed miRNAs in tumorous thyroid tissues compared with normal tissues,which contained 172 up-regulated and 65 downregulated miRNAs.The evaluation of differently expressed miRNAs was conducted using our risk score model.We then successfully generated a fourmiRNA potential prognostic signature[risk score=(-0.001×hsa-miR-181a-2-3p)+(0.003×hsa-miR-138-5p)+(-0.018×hsa-miR-424-3p)+(0.284×hsa-miR-612)],which reliably distinguished patients from high and low risk with a significant difference in the overall survival(P<0.01)and was effective in predicting the five-year disease survival rate with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.937 and 0.812 in the training and testing cohorts,respectively.Additionally,there was a trend indicated that high-risk patients had shorter relapse-free survival,although statistical significance was not reached(P=0.082)in our sequencing cohort.CONCLUSION Our results indicated a four-miRNA signature that has a robust predictive effect on the prognosis of PTC.Accordingly,we would recommend more radical therapy and closer follow-ups for highrisk groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772850 and 82273300)。
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.
文摘BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is not commonly observed in patients with Graves’disease(GD).The presence of thyroid nodules in GD is not uncommon.However,a link bet-ween these two entities has been reported.Herein,we report the case of a patient with GD and thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia,which has not been reported previously in our region.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male patient with GD,receiving carbimazole for 2 years,presented to our hospital.His hyperthyroidism was controlled clinically and biochemically.On clinical examination,he was found to have a left-sided thyroid nodule.Ultra-sound revealed a 2.6 cm hypoechoic nodule with high vascularity.He was then referred for fine needle aspiration which showed that the nodule was highly suspicious for malignancy.The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and was diagnosed with multifocal classical micropapillary thyroid cancer.Post thyroid-ectomy he received radioactive iodine ablation along with levothyroxine replace-ment therapy.CONCLUSION Careful preoperative assessment and thyroid gland ultrasound might assist in screening and diagnosing thyroid cancer in patients with GD.
文摘BACKGROUND Thyroglobulin(Tg)is one of the markers of thyroid cancer,and its concentration may be elevated in patients with malignant thyroid tumors.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is secreted by the pituitary gland,which has a significant impact on thyroid gland function.Excessively high or low TSH levels may be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.Thus,in-depth studies on the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with thyroid cancer risk in patients with thyroid nodules are warranted.This can help determine whether Tg and TSH levels can predict the degree of malignancy of thyroid nodules,which can in turn guide doctors in making accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions.Furthermore,such studies can provide more accurate diagnostic methods for thyroid nodules and help patients become aware of the presence of thyroid cancer as early as possible,thereby improving the success rate of treatment and prognosis.AIM To investigate the association of serum Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer in patients undergoing thyroid nodule surgery.METHODS The clinical data and laboratory examination results of 130 patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Furthermore,their preoperative serum Tg and TSH levels were recorded.Histopathological examination conducted during follow-up revealed the presence of thyroid cancer.Correlation analysis were used to analyze the association of Tg and TSH levels with the risk of thyroid cancer.RESULTS Of the 130 patients,60 were diagnosed with thyroid cancer.Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between serum Tg levels and the risk of thyroid cancer(P<0.05).This suggests that high serum Tg levels are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.However,no significant correlation was observed between serum TSH levels and the risk of thyroid cancer(P>0.05).CONCLUSION In patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery,serum Tg levels exhibited a significant correlation with the risk of thyroid cancer but serum TSH levels did not.These findings suggest that serum Tg can serve as an important biomarker for assessing the risk of thyroid cancer in these patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)is one of the well-differentiated thyroid tumors.Cutaneous metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancers occurs in<1%of primary thyroid carcinomas but produces the worst survival prognosis.The multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib has been approved to treat refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer as well as advanced soft-tissue and clear cell sarcomas in China.CASE SUMMARY In a patient with scalp metastasis caused by PTC,thyroid and skull metastasis tumor sizes were significantly reduced after a trial of neoadjuvant anlotinib therapy for 3 cycles.Anlotinib maintenance medication after thyroidectomy further reduced the metastatic skull tumor size thereby preventing the requirement for craniotomy.CONCLUSION The outcome of the present trial confirmed the potential of anlotinib therapy to treat scalp metastasis induced by PTC and point the way for the treatment of similar diseases in the future.
文摘BACKGROUND Metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare encounter in clinical practice, but autopsy series showed that it is not so rare. Thyroid metastasis from colorectal cancer(CRC) is rare and has a poor prognosis. We herein report a rare case of solitary thyroid metastasis from rectal cancer combined with needle tract implantation after fine-needle aspiration(FNA) of the thyroid nodule and review the relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman with a history of TNM stage Ⅲ CRC presented a 1.3 cm × 1.0 cm mass in the left thyroid gland. FNA and histological examination of the left thyroid lobe surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of isolated metastatic adenocarcinoma from the rectum. Needle tract implantation was observed in the neck 11 mo after the FNA examination. The 2.5-cm seeding lesion was successfully removed by surgery, and the patient recovered well. The literature relevant to this clinical condition, the diagnostic workup, spread pathway, and surgical management of these rare lesions is reviewed.CONCLUSION For a patient with a thyroid mass and a history of CRC, metastatic thyroid carcinoma should be considered even if the patient has no evidence of other organ metastasis from CRC. FNA cytological examination of the thyroid mass is useful in the differential diagnosis between primary thyroid disease and metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid lobectomy of the gland containing the metastatic tumor is suggested in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid.
文摘Background: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as indicator of renal efficiency potentially related to the ability to release radioactive iodine from the patients bodies and the radioactive iodine whole body effective half-life (WBEHL) defined as the time taken for the administered activity to decay to half of its value for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in a tertiary care medical Centre. Methods: This retrospective observational study included seventy nine patients, sixty females and nineteen males. The patients were divided in two subgroups, those who have WBEHL of less than 11 hours (n = 51) and those with more than 11 (n = 28) hrs based on k-means clustering technique. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between the two subgroups Conclusion: There was not a statistically significant difference between the short and the longer WBEHL patients’ groups analyzed in this study. .