Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a predictor of the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and the disease activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:A total of 87 patients were classified into two groups based on clinical activity score(CAS)scoring criteria:high CAS group(n=62,the CAS score was≥3);low CAS group(n=25,the CAS score was<3).In addition,a group of healthy people(n=114)were included to compared the MHR.Proptosis,MHR,average signal intensity ratio(SIR),average lacrimal gland(LG)-SIR,average extraocular muscles(EOM)area from 87 patients with TAO were calculated in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and compared between these two groups.Correlation testing was utilized to evaluate the association of parameters among the clinical variables.RESULTS:Patients in high CAS group had a higher proptosis(P=0.041)and MHR(P=0.048).Compared to the healthy group,the MHR in the TAO group was higher(P=0.001).Correlation testing declared that CAS score was strongly associated with proptosis and average SIR,and MHR was positively associated with CAS score,average SIR,and average LG-SIR.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of MHR was 0.6755.CONCLUSION:MHR,a novel inflammatory biomarker,has a significant association with CAS score and MRI imaging(average SIR and LG-SIR)and it can be a new promising predictor during the active phase of TAO.

Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.

CT features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To investigate computed tomography (CT) features of exophthalmos in Chinese subjects with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: A total of 605 eyes of 325 patients with exophthalmos due to TAO were classified as grade Ⅰ (mild exophthalmos) or Ⅱ (severe exophthalmos) based on orbital CT imaging. The increased orbital volume features, such as changes from extraocular muscles, orbital fat, or both, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 605 eyes were analyzed, among them 62.98% presented grade Ⅰ exophthalmos, while 36.02% showed grade Ⅱ exophthalmos. In grade Ⅰ, 56.69% showed orbital fat change, and in grade Ⅱ, 89.29% exhibited extraocular muscle enlargement. CONCLUSION: Orbital fat and extraocular muscle enlargement are likely to be observed on CTs of subjects with mild and severe exophthalmos, respectively. Our results suggest that CT findings may guide TAO clinical therapy recommendations and prognosis.

Presence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

·AIM: To determine the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto’s patients and to make a comparison in subgroups of patients·METHODS: The study involved 110 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 50 control subjects attending to the endocrinology department of the hospital. Subgroup classification of patients was made as euthyroid,subclinic and clinic in Hashimato’s thyroiditis. All patients were evaluated by a single experienced ophthalmologist for the prevalence and characteristics of eye signs.·RESULTS:Theoverallprevalencesofeyechanges were22.7%(25 patients) in patients and 4%(2 persons) in control subjects respectively(P =0.002). In patients the most common symptom was retrobulbar eye pain with or without any eye movement. Thirteen patients had significant upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. In control patients one person had proptosis and another had lid retraction. The clinical activity score and classification of the ophthalmopathy did not show any significant differences among subgroups.·CONCLUSION:Theeyesignsweremostlymild(22.7%)and the most common eye sign was the presence of upper eyelid retraction(11.8%). Additionally six patients had eye muscle dysfunction as reduced eye movements in up gaze. Therefore we recommend to make a routine ophthalmic examination in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients in order not to omit the associated ophthalmopathy.

Epigenetics effect on pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disease.Recent studies have found the aberrant epigenetics in TAO,including DNA methylation,noncoding RNAs,and histone modification.Many genes have an aberrant level of methylation in TAO.For example,higher levels are found in CD14,MBP,ANGLE1,LYAR and lower levels in DRD4 and BOLL.Non-coding RNAs are involved in the immune response(miR-146a,miR-155,miR-96,miR-183),fibrosis regulation(miR-146a,miR-21,miR-29),adipogenesis(miR-27)and are thought to play roles in TAO.MicroRNA is also related to the clinical activity score(miR-Let7d-5p)and may be a predictor of glucocorticoid therapy(miR-224-5p).The quantities of H4 in TAO are increased compared with euthyroid control subjects,and the role of histone modifications in Graves*disease may lead to better understanding of its role in TAO.More studies are needed to explain the role of epigenetics in TAO and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

Reduced choroidal peripapillary capillaries in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with early stage of dysthyroid optic neuropathy

AIM: To investigate whether the subtle change of choroidal/retinal vessel densities and volumes in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy(TAO) could be an early sign to detect dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and a total of 98 eyes from 50 subjects were enrolled under certain criteria. Thirty-four eyes of normal controls and 64 eyes of TAO, including 39 eyes of DON and 25 eyes of TAO without DON, underwent optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) scanning. All the tested parameters of OCTA scanning including choroid radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC), retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex(GCC) were compared among groups, and the correlation between OCTA parameters and visual function parameters was also investigated. RESULTS: Whole choroidal RPC was significantly reduced in DON(48.24%±0.4978%) compared to normal(50.33%±0.3173%) and TAO without DON(49.16%±0.5463%;P=0.0041). The reduction of whole choroidal RPC was also correlated with visual field(VF) defect in DON(r=0.5422, n=39). Although vision acuity and VF were improved in all the patients with DON after being treated with medical and surgical decompression, the reduction of RPC density were not reversed.CONCLUSION: There is a notable reduction in choroidal RPC in DON, which is correlated with VF defect. The reduction of RPC density could not be reversed immediately by medical and surgical decompression even when vision and VF were improved. These findings suggest that choroidal RPC could be a useful parameter to diagnose and monitor early stage of DON.

The role of cell mediated immunopathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Currently, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) lacks effective treatment due to our lack of clarity in its immunopathogenesis. Orbital fibroblasts play a key role in altering inflammation and immune response in TAO, and are considered as the key target and effector cells in its pathogenesis. The orbit infiltrating CD34+ fibrocytes add on to the process by expressing high levels of autoantigens and inflammatory cytokines, while also differentiating into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. This review focuses on the role of orbital fibroblasts and CD34+ fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO, highlighting the basis of emerging treatments.

The effect of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids and orbital decompression surgery on sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.

Culture and Differentiation of Human Orbital Preadipocytes in Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy

Purpose: To identify whether there are preadipocytes in the orbits of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and whether they possess the capacity to undergo adipocytic differentiation.Methods: Orbital fat tissue from TAO patients was placed in primary culture and proliferating cells were sub-passaged. The preadiocytes were identified with immunohistochemistry. Confluent preadipocytes were subjected to a differentiation protocol. And Peroxisome proliferators-associated receptorγ (PPARγ)transcript levels were determined before and after differentiation.Result: In primary culture, cells were spindly and showed positive immunostaining for preadipocyte factor-1 (pref-1 ) protein. During the process of differentiation, orbital cells showed evidence of adipogenesis and relatively greater PPARγ gene expression with differentiation.Conclusion: There are active preadipocytes in the orbital tissue of TAO patients which might be able to undergo adipocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that the preadipocytes differentiation contributed to excess orbital adipose tissue volume in TAO.

Hertel Exophthalmometry and Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Exophthalmos in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Objective: To compare the values of exophthalmos measured by computed tomography (CT) and Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy eyes were examined in 85 patients with TAO. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, Hertel exophthalmometry, and CT of the orbits through a 16-slice CT scanner (Bright Speed, General Electric), measuring the extraocular muscles, the total muscle thickness sum (MTS), and proptosis. The patients were divided into two groups-with activity and without TAO activity, the activity being assessed by means of the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and the severity-according to the EUGOGO classification. Results: TAO activity was detected in 45 patients (90 eyes, 53%) with MTS of 23.54 ± 5.73 mm, IOP of 19.78 ± 4.49 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 23.08 ± 4.19 mm and measured by CT-23.32 ± 4.33 mm. Forty patients (80 eyes, 47%) were without TAO activity, with MTS of 19.28 ± 4.03, IOP of 16.6 ± 4.51 mm Hg, Hertel exophthalmos of 20.03 ± 3.84 mm and measured by CT-19.84 ± 4.47 mm. A correlation was detected between exophthalmos and: MTS, IOP, the activity and severity of TАО. High congruence was established between the two methods of measuring exophthalmos-CT and HE (Pearson correlation, r = 0.690, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our results showed a high degree of consistency between Hertel exophthalmometry and multidetector CT for the evaluation of exophthalmos in patients with TAO. Exophthalmos is an important clinical feature and its measurement and monitoring over time assess the clinical course and outcome of treatment.

Global research on artificial intelligence in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy:A bibliometric analysis

Purpose:To provide an overview of global publications on artificial intelligence(AI)in thyroid-associated oph-thalmopathy(TAO)through bibliometric analysis.Methods:Publications related to AI in TAO from inception until April 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science database.The trends of publications and citations,publishing performance,collaboration among countries and institutions,and the funding agencies,relevant research domains,leading journals,hotspots and their evolution were identified.Results:A total of 55 publications were included for analysis.The number of publications and citations continued to grow since 1998,with a significant acceleration of growth after 2020.China is the most productive country with the highest number of productive institutions,followed by the United States.European countries have the most extensive collaboration.The most relevant research domain was radiology,nuclear medicine&medical imaging.The European Journal of Radiology was one of the most productive journals,with the most influential articles published."Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy"and"neural network"maintain hotspots during the entire period.Studies were more focused on clinical features during 1998 and 2016,clinical features and medical data during 2017 and 2020,and medical data and AI techniques during 2021 and 2023.Conclusions:This study summarized the global research status regarding AI in TAO in terms of trends,countries,institutions,research domains,journals,and key topics.AI has shown great potential in TAO.Sponsored by funding agencies such as NSFC,China has become the most productive country in the field of AI in TAO.Our findings help researchers better understand the development of this field and provide valuable clues for future research directions.

Role of Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy During Systemic Glucocorticoid Treatment:A Prospective Observational Study

Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune disorder involving the orbital tissue.This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in TAO during 12-week systemic glucocorticoid(GC)treatment.Methods Thirty-two moderate-severe TAO patients with a clinical activity score(CAS)≥3/7 or with prolonged T2 relaxation time(T2RT)on at least one side of extraocular muscle(EOM)were enrolled.The percentage of the peripheral CD4+CD25(high)CD127(−/low)Tregs was analyzed using flow cytometry before and after the GC treatment.The activity and severity of TAO,T2RT,and the clinical outcomes after the GC treatment were assessed.Their correlation with the peripheral Tregs was investigated.Results There was no significant association between the baseline Treg fraction and the activity and severity of TAO or the treatment response.A significant reduction of Tregs was observed after the GC therapy merely in patients without any clinical improvement.Conclusion Treg reduction after systemic GC therapy is indicative of a poor therapeutic response.Accordingly,dynamic alterations of Tregs could help to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC treatment.

Frequency of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells associated with disease activity in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

AIM： To investigate the association between IL-10-producing regulatory B（B10） cells and the clinical features of thyroid-associated orbitopathy（TAO）. METHODS： A total of 30 patients with TAO were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from May 2015 to December 2015. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） were separated from blood samples of 30 TAO patients and 16 healthy controls and stimulated with CD40 ligand and CpG for 48h. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells was examined by flow cytometry and the correlation between the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells and clinical features of TAO was analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS： The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells among CD19＋ B cells in TAO patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls（TAO： 4.66%±1.88% vs healthy control： 6.82%±2.40%, P〈0.01）. The frequency of IL-10＋ B cells showed a positive correlation with disease activity of TAO measured by Clinical Activity Score（CAS）（r=0.50, P〈0.01）, and became higher in TAO patients with family history of Graves＇ disease（GD）（P=0.04）. CONCLUSION： The decrease of the frequency of IL-10＋ B cells in TAO patients indicates the deficiency of B10 cells in TAO, and the positive association with disease activity suggests its important role in TAO inflammation regulation.

Tea Polyphenols Reduce Inflammation of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves’Ophthalmopathy via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols(TP)on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.Methods:Primary orbital fibroblasts were extracted from orbital adipose/connective tissues of patients with and without GO.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1 in non-GO and GO orbital fibroblasts.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of TP for subsequent experiments.RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were performed to investigate the effects of TP on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)expression was measured using Western blotting analysis.NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3)expression was detected using both Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1 in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those in non-GO cells.TP treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1.TP also inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3.Inflammation in the GO orbital fibroblasts was higher than that in non-GO cells.TP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusion:These findings suggest that TP may have a potential role in GO treatment.

利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效及对CAS评分、预后转归的影响

目的 探讨利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)的疗效,并分析其对临床活动性(CAS)评分、预后转归的影响。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年10月黄冈市中心医院收治的136例272眼TAO患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(68例)、对照组(68例),其中对照组患者给予免疫抑制剂冲击治疗,观察组患者给予利妥昔单抗+免疫抑制剂冲击治疗,均治疗4个疗程(7 d为1个疗程)。比较两组患者临床疗效、眼征状况、CAS评分、甲状腺状况[甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺体积]、T淋巴细胞亚群、不良反应情况。随访6个月,比较两组患者预后转归情况。结果 治疗4个疗程后观察组总有效率[94.12%(64/68)]高于对照组[82.35%(56/68)](P<0.05)。治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后,观察组患者眼球突出度、眼压、平均睑裂宽度、球后软组织体积、球尖距、CAS评分、TPOAb、TRAb、甲状腺体积均小于对照组,均较治疗前减少(均为P<0.05),泪膜脂质层厚度均大于对照组,均较治疗前增加(均为P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者以上指标差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。治疗前两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后两组患者CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞表达水平均较治疗前升高,除治疗2个疗程后观察组患者CD4+T淋巴细胞表达小于对照组外,其余时间点患者CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞表达水平观察组均高于对照组(均为P<0.05);治疗2个疗程、4个疗程后两组患者CD8+T淋巴细胞表达水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组均低于对照组(均为P<0.05)。两组患者低热、恶心、低血钾等不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。随访6个月,观察组好转率[95.59%(65/68)]高于对照组[79.41%(54/68)](P<0.05)。结论 利妥昔单抗联合免疫抑制剂冲击治疗TAO患者疗效显著,可缓解眼征状况、甲状腺状况,降低临床活动性,促进预后转归。

泪腺突出度联合磁共振脂肪定量分析在甲状腺相关性眼病诊断中的价值

目的探讨泪腺突出度和磁共振脂肪定量分析(IDEAL-IQ)在甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析38例TAO患者(TAO组)和38例健康志愿者(对照组)的临床资料。通过测量泪腺突出度、脂肪分数(FF)及相对脂肪分数(rFF),比较组间的差异,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析泪腺突出度、FF、rFF单一检测和联合检测对TAO的诊断效能。结果TAO组泪腺突出度、FF和rFF均大于对照组(t分别=8.18、6.10,Z=-5.66,P均<0.05),泪腺突出度联合FF诊断TAO时,AUC最大,为0.88,特异度90.80%,灵敏度73.70%。结论TAO患者的泪腺突出度及脂肪含量大于对照组,泪腺突出度联合FF有助于TAO患者的诊断,具有较高的临床价值。

CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞与甲状腺相关性眼病患者疾病活动度相关性研究

目的:探讨甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者外周血CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例变化与病情活动度的关系。方法:采用流式细胞术检测TAO患者和健康对照组CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例,分析TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与健康对照组的差异,并分析CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO疾病活动度之间的相关性。结果:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例明显低于健康对照(P<0.05);活动性TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例细胞显著低于非活动性TAO患者;CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例与TAO患者CAS评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.7128,P<0.001)。结论:TAO患者CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IgD^(+)B细胞比例降低,与疾病活动度呈负相关。

甲状腺相关眼病的危险因素研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是成人较多见的眼眶疾病之一,它与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有着密不可分的关系。TAO可引起患者容貌损害,严重者可以引起患者视功能受损,甚至致盲,极大地损害了患者身心健康及社会功能。早期预测及诊断TAO的发生和发展,及时进行干预治疗有助于改善患者的临床表现,提高患者的生活质量。TAO危险因素众多,受遗传、免疫、环境及全身状态的共同影响。其中环境因素及全身情况可通过早期干预控制疾病进展,使患者受益。本文将与TAO发生相关的危险因素进行综述,以期为TAO的早期预测及诊断提供参考,对高危人群的疾病预防提供思路。

甲状腺相关眼病临床诊治规范的述评

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是一种自身免疫性眼眶炎症性疾病,是成年人最常见的眼眶疾病。在临床诊治过程中,很多医生对该病认识不足,诊断和处理方面存在一些误区。本文总结了TAO与甲状腺疾病的关系、TAO的诊断、影像检查、TAO病情判断、治疗方案选择等方面存在的误区,并对其作一评述,以提高内分泌科和眼科医生对该病的认识水平,避免误诊误治。

血脂联合磁共振参数在甲状腺相关性眼病糖皮质激素治疗疗效预测中的价值

目的:评估血清脂代谢指标联合眼眶磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)定量参数在预测中重度活动期甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)治疗疗效中的价值。方法:回顾性纳入44例接受GC治疗的中重度活动期TAO患者,根据GC疗效将患者分为敏感组(n=28)和抵抗组(n=16)。收集两组患者在GC治疗前的血清脂代谢指标和基于眼眶MRI测得的泪腺突出度/眼眶脂肪厚度(lacrimal gland herniation/orbital fat thickness,LGH/OFT)及其他临床参数,并比较两组间各参数差异。采用Logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线分析与GC治疗疗效相关的独立预测因子并评估其预测价值。结果:敏感组患者血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于抵抗组(P=0.005,P=0.019),且敏感组病程更短(P=0.037)。敏感组患者LGH/OFT显著高于抵抗组(P<0.001)。总胆固醇和LGH/OFT是TAO患者激素是否敏感的独立预测因子(OR值分别为0.230、1.395_(每0.1单位),P均<0.05)。联合血清总胆固醇≤4.8 mmol/L和LGH/OFT≥1.51预测GC治疗敏感性,可以获得最佳预测效能(曲线下面积为0.838,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为65.6%)。结论:血脂参数和眼眶MRI定量参数均可预测中重度活动期TAO患者GC治疗敏感性,两者联合可进一步提高预测效能。