Al_(2)O_(3)-TiC陶瓷材料微细电火花加工试验研究

为研究电火花加工Al_(2)O_(3)-TiC陶瓷材料工艺参数对工艺性能的影响,设计了混合2-3水平正交试验方法。研究加工极性、极间电压、最大放电电流、增益、脉冲频率、脉宽、放电间隙与电极长度损耗、电极轮廓损耗、材料去除率之间的规律。通过极差分析,获得了工艺参数对工艺性能的影响趋势。结合方差分析,表明加工极性对电极损耗有显著影响,极间电压、最大放电电流显著影响材料去除率。综合三项工艺性能,最优的参数组合为负加工极性、130 V极间电压、50 A最大放电电流、45增益、150 Hz脉冲频率、1.0μs脉宽、放电间隙40μm。

The Al_(2)O_(3)and Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents highly utilized in destructive sorption of NF_(3)

NF_(3)is commonly used as an etching and cleaning gas in semiconductor industry,however it is a strongly greenhouse gas.Therefore,the destruction of disposal NF_(3)is an urgent task to migrate the greenhouse effect.Among the technologies for NF_(3)abatement,the destructive sorption of NF_(3)over metal oxides sorbents is an effective way.Thus,the search for a highly reactive and utilized sorbent for NF_(3)destruction is in great demand.In this work,AlOOH supported on carbon-sphere(AlOOH/CS)as precursors were synthesized hydrothermally and heat-treated to prepare the Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents.The influence of AlOOH/CS hydrothermal temperatures on the reactivity of derived Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents for NF_(3)destruction was investigated,and it is shown that the Al2O3 from AlOOH/CS hydro-thermalized at 120℃is superior to others.Subsequently,the optimized Al_(2)O_(3)was covered by Mn(OH)x to prepare Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents via changing hydrothermal temperatures and Mn loadings.The results show that the Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents are more utilized than bare Al_(2)O_(3)in NF_(3)destructive sorption due to the promotional effect of Mn_(2)O_(3)as surface layer on the fluorination of Al_(2)O_(3)as substrate,especially the optimal 5%Mn/Al2O3(160℃)exhibits a utilization percentage as high as 90.4%,and remarkably exceeds all the sorbents reported so far.These findings are beneficial to develop more efficient sorbents for the destruction of NF_(3).

原位合成Al_(2)O_(3)/TiB_(2)颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料的性能研究

针对传统铝合金无法满足工业和民用中对高强高导铝合金需求的问题,开发一种提升铝合金表面硬度且保证其导电导热性能的新型铝基复合材料。通过机械合金化法制备了Al-TiO_(2)-B混合粉末,采用放热弥散结合接触反应技术成功原位合成Al_(2)O_(3)/TiB_(2)颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料,探究了原始粉末Al-TiO_(2)-B体系反应生成Al_(2)O_(3)/TiB_(2)颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料的反应机理及反应温度对原位反应的影响,分析了铝基复合材料的微观组织形貌以及表面显微硬度和导电导热性能。XRD分析结果表明,反应温度达到1100℃保温200 min后,原始粉末Al-TiO_(2)-B体系中的TiO_(2)和B粉末完全反应,并且在反应过程中B粉抑制了中间产物Al3Ti和AlB2的生成,最终原位生成为Al_(2)O_(3)和TiB_(2)颗粒混杂增强的铝基复合材料。显微组织观察表明,在铝基体中原位生成了TiB_(2)颗粒(直径小于1μm)和Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒(粒径约为2μm),且铝基复合材料表面组织均匀致密。原位合成Al_(2)O_(3)/TiB_(2)混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料的电导率为46.1%IACS,热导率约为198.5 W·m-1·K-1,显微硬度较传统A356铝合金的68 HV提升至76 HV,新型原位合成铝基复合材料在保证导电导热性能的前提下提升了铝基复合材料的显微硬度。

Microstructure,interfacial reaction behavior,and mechanical properties of Ti_3AlC_(2)reinforced Al6061 composites

The interfacial reaction behavior of Al and Ti_3AlC_(2)at different pouring temperatures and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results show that the addition of3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)refines the average grain size ofα(Al)in the composite by 50.1%compared to Al6061 alloy.Morphological analyses indicate that an in-situ Al_(3Ti)transition layer of-180 nm in thickness is generated around the edge of Ti_3AlC_(2)at 720℃,forming a well-bonded Al-Al_(3Ti)interface.At this processing temperature,the ultimate tensile strength of A16061-3.0 wt.%Ti_3AlC_(2)composite is 199.2 MPa,an improvement of 41.5%over the Al6061 matrix.Mechanism analyses further elucidate that 720℃is favourable for forming the nano-sized transition layer at the Ti_3AlC_(2)edges.And,the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a dominant role in this state,with a strengthening contribution of about 74.8%.

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Diesel particulate matter(DPM)and hydrocarbons(HCs)emitted from diesel engines have a negative affect on air quality and human health.Catalysts for oxidative removal of DPM and HCs are currently used universally but their low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem.In this study,Cu-doped CeO_(2) loaded on Al_(2)O_(3) coupled with plasma was used to enhance low-temperature oxidation of DPM and HCs.Removals of DPM and HCs at 200℃ using the catalyst were as high as 90%with plasma but below 30%without plasma.Operando plasma diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry was conducted to reveal the functional mechanism of the oxygen species in the DPM oxidation process.It was found that Cu-CeO_(2) can promote the formation of adsorbed oxygen(M^(+)-O_(2)^(-))and terminal oxygen(M=O),which can react with DPM to form carbonates that are easily converted to gaseous CO_(2).Our results provide a practical plasma catalysis technology to obtain simultaneous removals of DPM and HCs at low temperatures.M+O-2Diesel particulate matter(DPM)and hydrocarbons(HCs)emitted from diesel engines have a negative affect on air quality and human health.Catalysts for oxidative removal of DPM and HCs are currently used universally but their low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem.In this study,Cu-doped CeO_(2) loaded on Al_(2)O_(3) coupled with plasma was used to enhance low-temperature oxidation of DPM and HCs.Removals of DPM and HCs at 200°C using the catalyst were as high as 90%with plasma but below 30%without plasma.Operando plasma diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry was conducted to reveal the functional mechanism of the oxygen species in the DPM oxidation process.It was found that Cu–CeO_(2) can promote the formation of adsorbed oxygen(–)and terminal oxygen(M=O),which can react with DPM to form carbonates that are easily converted to gaseous CO_(2).Our results provide a practical plasma catalysis technology to obtain simultaneous removals of DPM and HCs at low temperatures.

Effect of ferrotitanium slag on microstructure and properties of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C castables for iron runner

Ferrotitanium slag(FS)is a waste slag produced during the smelting of ferrotitanium alloys by thermite reduction.Its alumina content is high and can be used as alumina raw material.Iron runner castables containing different amounts of FS were prepared and characterized.The results show that the introduction of FS is beneficial to the sintering of the castables sample.When the FS concentration is 11.2 wt.%,the aggregate and matrix of the castables sample have a good combination,and the mechanical strength of the Al_(2)O_(3)–SiC–C castable reaches a maximum at room temperature.However,excessive introduction of FS generates a large amount of anorthite phase,which reduces the mechanical strength of the Al_(2)O_(3)–SiC–C castable at room temperature.In addition,the high-melting phase CaTiO_(3)is formed in FS,which has good mechanical properties.Meanwhile,the cracks of FS are reduced,and the combination between phases is closer,thus significantly improving the hot modulus of rupture of the castable.When the FS concentration is not above 33.6 wt.%,the castables show good slag resistance.The TiO_(2)in FS is transformed into TiC by carbothermal reaction,which is enriched at the boundary and prevents further reaction of the slag.

Preparation,Characterization and Photothermal Study of PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) Composite Films

In this work,flexible photothermal PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) composite films with different amount(0 wt%,5 wt%,10 wt%,15 wt%)of Ti_(2)O_(3) particles modified by steric acid were prepared by a simple solution casting method.The microstructures,XRD patterns,FTIR spectra,UV-Vis-NIR spectra thermo-conductivity,thermo-stability and photothermal effects of these composite films were all characterized.These results indicated that Ti_(2)O_(3) particles were well dispersed throughout the polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)matrix in the PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) composite films.And Ti_(2)O_(3) particles could also effectively improve the photothermal properties of the composite films which exhibited high light absorption and generated a high temperature(about 57.4℃for film with 15 wt%Ti_(2)O_(3) amount)on the surface when it was irradiated by a simulated sunlight source(1 kW/m^(2)).

In situ luminescence measurements of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) film under different energy proton irradiations

Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.

Lattice Boltzmann method formulation for simulation of thermal radiation effects on non-Newtonian Al_(2)O_(3) free convection in entropy determination

The simultaneous investigation on the parameters affecting the flow of electrically conductive fluids such as volumetric radiation,heat absorption,heat generation,and magnetic field(MF)is very vital due to its existence in various sectors of industry and engineering.The present research focuses on mathematical modeling to simulate the cooling of a hot component through power-law(PL)nanofluid convection flow.The temperature reduction of the hot component inside a two-dimensional(2D)inclined chamber with two different cold wall shapes is evaluated.The formulation of the problem is derived with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)by code writing via the FORTRAN language.The variables such as the radiation parameter(0–1),the Hartmann number(0–75),the heat absorption/generation coefficient(−5–5),the fluid behavioral index(0.8–1.2),the Rayleigh number(103–105),the imposed MF angle(0°–90°),the chamber inclination angle(−90°–90°),and the cavity cold wall shape(smooth and curved)are investigated.The findings indicate that the presence of radiation increases the mean Nusselt number value for the shear-thickening,Newtonian,and shear thinning fluids by about 6.2%,4%,and 2%,respectively.In most cases,the presence of nanoparticles improves the heat transfer(HT)rate,especially in the cases where thermal conduction dominates convection.There is the lowest cooling performance index and MF effect for the cavity placed at an angle of 90°.The application in the design of electronic coolers and solar collectors is one of the practical cases of this numerical research.

Effect of potential difference between nano-Al_(2)O_(3)whisker and Mg matrix on the dispersion of Mg composites

The potential difference between positive and negative ions was utilized to improve the homogenized dispersion of nanoscale Al_(2)O_(3) whiskers in Mg matrix composites.The Mg powders were decorated with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(C_(18)H_(29)NaO_(3)S,SDBS)and were introduced to the cathode group on their surface.The Al_(2)O_(3) whiskers were modified by the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(C_(19)H_(42)BrN,CTAB)and were featured in the anode group.The suitable contents of CTAB and SDBS,the application atmosphere,and the type of solvents were investigated.Dispersion results showed that adding 2wt%SDBS into Mg powders and adding 2wt%CTAB into Al_(2)O_(3) whiskers pro-moted the formation of more uniformly mixed composite powders,compared to those of conventional ball milling via scanning electron micro-scopy(SEM)analysis.Meanwhile,the calculated results derived from first-principle calculations also demonstrated the stronger cohesion between Al_(2)O_(3) whisker reinforcements and Mg matrix than undecorated composite powders.After preparation by powder metallurgy,the mor-phology,grain size,hardness,and standard deviation coefficient of composites were analyzed to evaluate the dispersed efficiency.The results indicated that the modification of homogenized dispersed Al_(2)O_(3) whiskers in composites contributed to the refinement of 26%in grain size and the improvement of 20%in hardness compared with pure Mg,and the reduction of 32.5%in the standard deviation coefficient of hardness compared with the ball-milling sample.

Effect of ZrC Modified Graphite on Structure and Properties of Low-carbon Al_(2)O_(3)-C Refractories

To address the issues of reduced performance and shortened lifespan during the low-carbonizating process of Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories,nano-crystalline ZrC modified graphite was prepared using Zr powder and flake graphite as raw materials,with NaCl and NaF mixed salt serving as the medium.The flake graphite was gradually replaced by ZrC modified graphite in the preparation of Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories,and its impact on the material’s structure and properties was investigated.The results indicate that,compared to samples with only flake graphite,the introduction of 1 mass%to 5 mass%nano-crystalline ZrC modified graphite can significantly enhance the mechanical performance of low-carbon Al_(2)O_(3)-C refractories.When 5 mass%ZrC modified graphite is added,the mechanical properties of the samples are optimal,with the cold modulus of rupture and elastic modulus reaching 22.5 MPa and 65.0 GPa,respectively.

Self-repairing Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)coatings fabricated through plasma electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse parameters

The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate(PTO)using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities.The coatings were characterized by SEM,EDS,and XRD.EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties.It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20%and 6 A/dm^(2) to 40%and 12 A/dm^(2) enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75μm/min.Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters,resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10μm/min.Based on EDS analysis,Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings.XRD technique merely detectedγ-Al_(2)O_(3),and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds.However,the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti^(4+)into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating.The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40%and current density values higher than 6 A/dm^(2) showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism.Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties,the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.

Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) Raw Material Types on Properties of Anorthite Based Insulation Refractories

To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green and pollution-free kaolin,kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,respectively,and industrial CaCO_(3) as the CaO source.Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material types on the physical properties,phase composition and microstructure were investigated.The results are as follows.All samples prepared by different Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials have hexagonal flake anorthite and a small amount of mullite and corundum.Their bulk density and thermal conductivity decrease in the order of using kaolin,andalusite,kyanite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,but their apparent porosity increases.Moreover,in the sample with kaolin,the bonding between anorthite crystals on the pore walls is closer than that of the other samples,which is conducive to increasing the cold crushing strength.The bonding between anorthite crystals on pore walls gradually decreases in the order of using kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,thus their cold crushing strength decreases accordingly.In comprehensive consideration,the properties of the sample from kyanite are the optimal.Its apparent porosity,thermal conductivity and cold crushing strength are 84.6%,0.141 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) and 1.89 MPa,respectively.

喷砂时间对TiCN/α-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiN涂层金属陶瓷刀片表面状态和磨损性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积法在金属陶瓷基体表面沉积了MT-TiCN/α-Al_(2)O_(3)/TiN涂层,再对CVD涂层金属陶瓷刀片进行喷砂处理,分析经不同喷砂时间处理后的涂层金属陶瓷刀片的表面形貌、力学性能以及耐磨性能。结果表明:喷砂时间对涂层金属陶瓷刀片表面的冲蚀程度影响较大。未经喷砂处理的涂层表面粗糙度较高且存在较大的残余拉应力,而喷砂处理后的涂层金属陶瓷刀片的表面粗糙度与表面残余应力大幅下降,且表面硬度和耐磨性大幅提高。当喷砂时间为10s时,涂层金属陶瓷刀片获得了最低的表面粗糙度,与未喷砂的涂层刀片相比,表面残余拉应力降低了85%。基于不同喷砂时间处理后的涂层表面粗糙度、硬度、残余应力以及后刀面磨损形貌,得到的最佳喷砂时间为10s。

活性金属Ni d电荷密度对Ni_(2)P/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂菲加氢性能的影响

高温煤焦油中菲含量高,将菲深度加氢饱和得到全氢菲,可提升菲利用率,且全氢菲密度大,热值高,可作为喷气燃料理想组分。然而,在菲加氢反应过程中菲与中间加氢产物的竞争吸附不利于菲在催化剂上吸附活化,且对称八氢菲进一步加氢是菲加氢饱和过程的速控步骤,其吸附活化困难不易解决,催化剂活性难以满足加氢需求。根据稠环芳烃与过渡金属间π络合吸附机理,在反应物吸附活化过程中,稠环芳烃分子和活性金属分别充当电子供体和电子受体,故Ni基催化剂中活性金属Ni处于缺电子状态时利于生成全氢菲,但关于Ni缺电子量及其电子结构如何影响催化剂菲、对称八氢菲加氢性能的原因需进一步探究。此外,基于负载型Ni_(2)P催化剂稳定性高、耐硫、耐氮性强等优势,采用次磷酸盐歧化法通过调变P/Ni物质的量比制备具有不同Ni d电荷密度的Ni2P/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,考察Ni d电荷密度对菲、对称八氢菲吸附和反应性能的影响规律。结果表明,在320℃、5 MPa、空速1 309 h-1反应条件下,Ni-2.5P/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂转换频率fTO最高(44.64×10^(-3)s^(-1))。通过吸附活化熵描述菲、对称八氢菲与催化剂表面间相互作用强度,发现菲、对称八氢菲在不同Ni-xP/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂表面吸附强度不同。通过定量计算Ni d电荷密度,明确了Ni2P/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂用于菲加氢反应时适宜Ni d电荷密度约-0.24 e,对称八氢菲加氢反应适宜的Ni d电荷密度约-0.05 e。

原子层沉积Al_(2)O_(3)对尖晶石LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)正极材料的影响机理

为提升尖晶石相LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)正极材料在深度荷电状态下的界面稳定性,采用原子层沉积法在单晶LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)正极材料表面可控沉积了纳米级Al_(2)O_(3)层。改性后的LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)正极材料表现出优异的长循环耐腐蚀性能(1C电流密度下循环500次的容量保持率高达94.7%)。进一步的表界面解析结果表明:原子层沉积技术构建的纳米级Al_(2)O_(3)包覆层能够明显抑制材料本体与电解液的腐蚀反应,降低过渡金属离子的不可逆溶解与析出;另外,基于HF表面刻蚀产生的AlF_(3)具有增强的耐刻蚀性能,可显著提升LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)正极材料在长循环及高电压下的服役性能。

基于层状锌铝复合氢氧化物前驱体优化制备Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)气相醛加氢催化剂

以偏铝酸钠作为铝源通过一步法、两步法和混合法引入Cu制备基于ZnAl-LDH前驱体的3种不同的Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,对催化剂及其前驱体结构性质进行表征,结合辛烯醛(2-乙基-2-己烯醛,EPA)加氢反应评价结果,探究不同制备方法、不同铝的引入方式对ZnAl_(2)O_(4)尖晶石形成的影响,考察不同条件下所得催化剂的结构与反应性能之间的构效关系。结果表明:与工业催化剂相比,在辛烯醛气相加氢反应中混合法制得的催化剂与工业催化剂活性相当,产物选择性在空速1.5 h^(-1)时高于工业剂1.9%,在空速4.0 h^(-1)时高于工业剂2.5%;以偏铝酸钠作为铝源制备的ZnAl-LDH前驱物大大提高锌铝结合效率,减少非结合Al_(2)O_(3)的产生,提高产物选择性,同时实现380℃低温焙烧条件下ZnAl-LDH向ZnAl_(2)O_(4)尖晶石的转变,避免传统的高温焙烧过程中CuO的烧结。

超声功率对连杆轴瓦Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性能的影响

用超声-喷射电沉积方法研究了超声波功率对连杆轴瓦表面Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率电子显微镜(TEM)对Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的表面形貌、物相组成、组织结构进行分析,用摩擦磨损试验机及纳米显微硬度计对镀层的显微硬度及耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:超声波功率通过空化效应及微射流作用搅拌镀液,可使Al_(2)O_(3)纳米粒子更好的悬浮在镀液中,从而影响镀层耐磨性。当超声波功率为200 W时,Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层中Ni峰低且宽,镀层晶粒细小,结构致密,显微硬度达到639.2HV,摩擦因数和磨损质量损失分别为0.53和0.27 mg。涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦磨损量仅为0.31 mg,耐磨性高于未涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦。

CeO_(2)-Ps-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)的制备及其对高浓度有机废水的臭氧催化降解研究

为有效降解高浓度造纸废水有机物,通过电化学沉积法分别在磷酸盐中性缓冲溶液和纯水中制得CeO_(2)-Ps-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)和CeO_(2)-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)。通过对CeO_(2)-Ps-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)、CeO_(2)-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)以及LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)进行XRD、SEM、析氧过电位和电阻抗等物性表征发现,CeO_(2)-Ps-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)具有更强催化氧化性及稳定性。对高浓度造纸废水臭氧催化氧化降解3 h后,CeO_(2)-Ps-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)对废水COD的降解率为76.5%,而相同条件下CeO_(2)-LaCoO_(3)/Al_(2)O_(3)和LaCoO_(3)/Al2O_(3)的化学需氧量(COD)降解率分别为68.5%和63.5%。

La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响

为了实现碳中和目标,降低内燃机碳排放,稀薄燃烧技术成为了当前重要的研究方向.该技术不仅能提高发动机燃油热效率,还能有效降低CO_(2)排放.但是稀薄燃烧往往会伴随着大量氮氧化物的产生,为了解决该问题,采用LNT-SCR耦合的NO_(x)净化技术,此时LNT的作用是将排气中部分NO_(x)转化为NH_(3),为下游的SCR提供还原剂.基于此,制备了LNT催化剂,研究催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)系列钙钛矿氧化物,并通过分步浸渍法得到了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)负载型催化剂.利用XRD、H_(2)-TPR、NO-TPD等表征手段研究了钙钛矿氧化物的晶相结构,以及负载型催化剂的还原特性、NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能等物化性质,并且通过H_(2)选择性催化还原NO实验探究了催化剂掺杂Ce对NO转化成NH_(3)的影响.结果表明,Ce掺杂催化剂具有良好的NH_(3)产物选择性,并且显著提高了NO转化率.温度是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的决定性因素,而H_(2)和NO体积比是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的关键性因素.其中,La_(0.95)Ce_(0.05)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)在低温下催化活性表现最佳,在350℃、H_(2)和NO体积比为5.0时NH_(3)产物选择性为65%,NO转化率为100%.此外,所制备的La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)都形成了钙钛矿型结构,而且Ce掺杂催化剂的大部分Ce离子可以进入到LaMnO_(3)结构中.在催化剂适量掺杂Ce后,H_(2)消耗总面积增大、还原峰的峰值温度降低,表明掺杂Ce改善了催化剂的还原特性;同时NO吸附和脱附面积增大,表明Ce掺杂改变了催化剂的NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能.