A High-Pulse-Energy High-Beam-Quality Tunable Ti:Sapphire Laser Using a Prism-Dispersion Cavity

A high-pulse-energy high-beam-quality tunable Ti：sapphire laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser is demonstrated. Using a fused-silica prism as the dispersion element, a tuning range of 740-855 nm is obtained. At an incident pump energy of 774mJ, the maximum output energy of 104mJ at 790nm with a pulse width of 100μs is achieved at a repetition rate of 5 Hz. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest pulse energy at 790 nm with pulse width of hundred micro-seconds for an all-solid-state laser. The linewidth of output is 0.5 nm, and the beam quality factor M2 is 1.16. The high-pulse-energy high-beam-quality tunable Ti：sapphire laser in the range of 740-855 nm can be used to establish a more accurate and consistent absolute scale of second-order optical-nonlinear coefficients for KBe2BO3F2 measured in a wider wavelength range and to assess Miller＇s rule quantitatively.

Ionization behavior and dynamics of picosecond laser filamentation in sapphire

Currently,laser-induced structural modifications in optical materials have been an active field of research.In this paper,we reported structural modifications in the bulk of sapphire due to picosecond(ps)laser filamentation and analyzed the ionization dynamics of the filamentation.Numerical simulations uncovered that the high-intensity ps laser pulses generate plasma through multi-photon and avalanche ionizations that leads to the creation of two distinct types of structural changes in the material.The experimental bulk modifications consist of a void like structures surrounded by cracks which are followed by a submicrometer filamentary track.By increasing laser energy,the length of the damage and filamentary track appeared to increase.In addition,the transverse diameter of the damage zone increased due to the electron plasma produced by avalanche ionizations,but no increase in the filamentary zone diameter was observed with increasing laser energy.

Operation of Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser in the non-soliton regime

A Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti：sapphire laser operating in a non-soliton regime is demonstrated. Dispersive wave generation is observed as a result of third order dispersion in the vicinity of zero dispersion. The characteristics of the Ti：sapphire l^ser operating in a positive dispersion regime are presented, where the oscillator directly generates pulses with duration continuously tunable from 0.37 ps to 2.11 ps, and 36 fs pulses are achieved atter extracavity compression. The oscillation is numerically simulated with an extended nonlinear Schr6dinger equation, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

An all-solid-state high power quasi-continuous-wave tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system using birefringence filter

This paper describes a tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system with quasi-continuous-wave and high-power outputs. In the design of the laser, it adopts a frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser as the pumping source, and the birefringence filter as the tuning element. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs with one wavelength range from 700 nm to 756.5 nm, another from 830 nm to 900mn have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532 nm, a repetition rate of 7 kHz and a pulse width of 47.6 ns, an output power of 5.1 W at 744.8 nm and 860.9 nm with a pulse width of 13.2 ns and a line width of 3 nm has been obtained, it indicates an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.2%.

激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的微纳压痕尺寸效应

目的研究不同状态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的纳米压痕尺寸效应。方法对原始态合金分别进行600、700、800、900℃退火处理,利用扫描电子显微镜观察原始态和4种退火态合金的显微组织。基于纳米压痕技术测量原始态及4种退火态合金的纳米硬度和弹性模量。基于比例试样阻力模型、Nix-Gao模型和Meyer定律对纳米硬度进行函数拟合。结果随着退火温度的升高,原始态组织从魏氏体逐渐演变为网篮组织。5种形态的Ti-6Al-4V合金的硬度和弹性模量均出现随压入深度的增加而减小的现象,表现出典型的压痕尺寸效应,基于试验测得的原始态及4种退火态合金的纳米硬度分别为3.66、4.36、3.96、3.88、4.77 GPa,弹性模量分别为113.1、125.2、102.1、100.3、108.7 GPa;基于比例试样阻力模型计算的纳米硬度分别为3.53、4.34、3.92、3.52、4.04 GPa;基于Nix-Gao模型计算的纳米硬度分别为3.68、3.94、4.07、3.85、4.47 GPa;基于Meyer定律拟合出的迈耶指数分别为1.75、1.86、1.82、1.80、1.81,均小于2,均表现为正压痕尺寸效应。结论激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的硬度及弹性模量均有典型的压痕尺寸效应;3种模型均能较好地描述原始态和退火态合金的压痕尺寸效应,Nix-Gao模型直接建立了纳米硬度和压痕深度的关系,其拟合结果更接近于试验结果,计算的硬度值也最为准确。

激光选区熔化生物医用Ti-6Al-4V合金的弯曲疲劳行为

分析了SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金的弯曲疲劳行为及相应的微观组织和断口形貌,设置与SLM试样化学成分相同的轧制态Ti-6Al-4V合金进行对比研究.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、结合电子背散射衍射(EBSD)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金的微观组织进行分析.结果表明,三点弯曲疲劳裂纹起始于准解理断裂表面附近的应力集中,随后向内扩展.SLM成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的弯曲疲劳寿命高于轧制成形Ti-6Al-4V合金,SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金内部孔洞缺陷导致表面附近应力集中,促进疲劳裂纹形核;而SLM Ti-6Al-4V合金中随机取向的α+β晶粒、二次裂纹和孔洞延缓了裂纹扩展,提高了疲劳寿命.对于轧制态Ti-6Al-4V合金,由大量近似取向α晶粒组成的宏观区引起应力集中,形成微裂纹,导致疲劳裂纹形核,而且宏观区对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用较小,不利于材料的疲劳寿命.

激光选区熔化制备Ti-15Mo合金微观结构和力学性能的各向异性

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术在不同构建方向(与水平方向成0°,30°,45°,60°,90°)下制备Ti-15Mo合金,分析了其微观结构和力学性能的各向异性。结果表明:当构建方向由0°变为90°时,合金的织构取向变化为(001)→(101)→(111);0°和90°构建方向的合金中2°~10°小角度晶界的体积分数较低;0°,30°,45°,60°和90°构建方向的合金的平均晶粒尺寸分别为59.95,33.47,99.98,42.63,72.41μm,平均显微硬度分别为313.92,327.29,294.11,327.48,311.67 HV;0°,45°,60°,90°构建方向制备的合金的抗拉强度分别为866.35,898.78,1055.97,913.7 MPa,屈服强度分别为716.40,767.98,1027.45,808.83 MPa,断后伸长率分别为14.00%,18.97%,12.51%和14.29%。不同构建方向的SLM成形合金存在力学性能各向异性。

High stability and low noise laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic passively Q-switched laser at 1123 nm based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-PVA saturable absorber

We report a high repetition frequency, high power stability and low laser noise laser-diode(LD) end-pumped Nd: YAG ceramic passively Q-switched laser at 1123 nm based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) film as a saturable absorber(SA). A Brewster polarizer(BP) and a birefringent crystal(BC) are incorporated to enable frequency selection and filtering for the passively Q-switched 1123 nm pulsed laser to improve the power stability and reduce the noise. When the pump power is 5.1 W, an average output power of 457.9 m W is obtained, corresponding to a repetition frequency of 1.09 MHz,a pulse width of 56 ns, a spectral line width of 0.65 nm, a power instability of ±0.92%, and a laser noise of 0.89%.The successful implementation of the “Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-PVA film passively Q-switching” combined with “frequency selection and filtering of BP + BC” technology path provides a valuable reference for developing pulsed laser with high repetition frequency, high stability and low noise.

Tunable Supercontinuum Generated in a Yb^3＋-Doped Microstructure Fiber Pumped by Ti：Sapphire Femtosecond Laser

We experimentally demonstrate that a tunable supercontinuum（SC） can be generated in a Yb3＋-doped microstructure fiber by the concept of wavelength conversion with a Ti：sapphire femtosecond（fs） laser as the pump.Experimental results show that an emission light around 1040 nm in an anomalous dispersion region is first generated and amplified by fs pulses in the normal dispersion region. Then, SC spectra from 1100 to 1380 nm and 630 to 840 nm can be achieved by combined effects of higher-order soliton fission and Raman soliton self-frequency shift in the anomalous dispersion region and self-phase modulation, dispersive wave, and four-wave mixing in the normal dispersion region. It is also demonstrated that the 20 nm change of pump results in a 280 nm broadband shift of soliton and the further red-shift of soliton is limited by OH-absorption at 1380 nm.

Diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser with broad wavelength tunability

We report a direct blue-diode-pumped wavelength tunable Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser.Central wavelength tunability as broad as 89 nm(736-825 nm) is achieved by adjusting the insertion of the prism.Pulses as short as 17 fs are generated at a central wavelength of 736 nm with an average output power of 31 mW.The maximum output power is 46.8 mW at a central wavelength of 797 nm with a pulse duration of 46 fs.

A 100-TW Ti:Sapphire Laser System at a Repetition Rate of 0.1 Hz

We demonstrate a 100-TW-class femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser running at a repetition rate of 0.1Hz based on a 20TW/10 Hz laser facility (XL-Ⅱ).Pumping the new stage amplifier with a 25J green Nd:glass laser,we successfully improve the laser energy to 3.4J with duration of 29 fs,corresponding to a peak power of 11 7 TW.

激光增材制备Ti-6Al-4V/TiC金属陶瓷熔覆层组织与性能强化

Ti-6Al-4V合金因具有良好的强度、塑性、韧性、耐蚀性以及可焊性,在航空航天以及化工装备制造领域具有广泛应用,但其硬度以及耐磨性不高等性能短板,一定程度上限制了其摩擦磨损工况下的服役寿命。本研究基于激光熔覆优化工艺方法,增材制备具有TiC添加相的Ti-6Al-4V合金同质金属陶瓷熔覆层,表征并验证TiC增强相对熔覆层组织以及基本力学性能的强化作用。结果表明:熔覆层主要物相包括α-Ti,β-Ti以及TiC,其中TiC在熔覆层内过饱和析出,且受熔覆层不同位置过冷度差异影响,析出的TiC在熔覆层顶部以细小的颗粒状为主,而在熔覆层中部则主要呈树枝及花瓣状析出,熔覆层底部新增了麦穗状的析出形状,而稀释区则未见明显TiC析出。熔覆层平均显微硬度为530HV0.5,较基体提升了61%;在35 N载荷下,熔覆层平均摩擦因数为0.3583,较基体降低了11%,体积磨损率约为基材的87%,磨损形式为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。

Numerical Simulation of External-Cavity Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser

We propose a theoretical model to describe external-cavity distributed feedback semiconductor lasers and investigate the impact of the number of external feedback points on linewidth and side-mode suppression ratio through numerical simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the linewidth of external-cavity semiconductor lasers can be reduced by increasing the external cavity length and feedback ratio, and adding more external feedback points can further narrow the linewidth and enhance the side mode suppression ratio. This research provides insight into the external cavity distributed feedback mechanism and can guide the design of high-performance external cavity semiconductor lasers. .

基于TI TM4C123的激光追踪系统设计

针对激光目标追踪易丢失、实时性差的问题,该文设计基于德州仪器的TM4C123芯片作为主控的激光目标控制系统与自动追踪,V831摄像头模组作为目标位置反馈测量装置,以二维闭环步进电机云台作为运动输出。摄像头模组通过串口与TM4C主控通信实时反馈目标点位置,使用PID控制算法控制电机输出。同时通过磁编码反馈防止步进电机丢步,实现位置闭环控制,实验结果表明,系统追踪精度高,实时性好。

LASER LIFT-OFF OF GaN THIN FILMS FROM SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATES

Gallium Nitride film was successfully separated from sapphire substrate by laser radiation. The absorption of the 248 nm radiation by the GaN at the interface results in rapid thermal decomposition of interfacial layer, yielding metallic Ga and N2 gas. The substrate can be easily removed by heating above the Ga melting point (29°C). X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence of GaN before and after lift-off process have been performed, which demonstrated that the separation and transfer process do not alter the structural quality of the GaN films. And further discussions on the threshold energy and crack-free strategies of laser lift-off process have also been presented.

Laser machining of transparent brittle materials: from machining strategies to applications

Transparent brittle materials such as glass and sapphire are widely concerned and applied in consumer electronics, optoelectronic devices, etc. due to their excellent physical and chemical stability and good transparency. Growing research attention has been paid to developing novel methods for high-precision and high-quality machining of transparent brittle materials in the past few decades. Among the various techniques, laser machining has been proved to be an effective and flexible way to process all kinds of transparent brittle materials. In this review, a series of laser machining methods, e.g. laser full cutting, laser scribing, laser stealth dicing, laser filament, laser induced backside dry etching (LIBDE), and laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) are summarized. Additionally, applications of these techniques in micromachining, drilling and cutting, and patterning are introduced in detail. Current challenges and future prospects in this field are also discussed.

Influence of welding parameters on temperature field characteristics during laser welding of TA15 by infrared thermography

Using an infrared thermographic technique, the temperature field during laser welding of TA15 is quantitatively measured and investigated. The ilffluenee of two welding parameters on the weld temperature distribution is analyzed and the meehanisnl is discussed. New conclusions are drawn that are different from conventional weld temperature distributions. For the face of the weld, changes in welding speed induce changes in the temperature distribution because of different heat inputs and the cooling effect. Sinfilar temperature features in the welds are observed for all speeds, which exhibit a relatively low temperature area below 1 500 ℃ between the high temperature area in the position of laser incidence and the sub-high temperature area at the end of the molten pool. For the ilffluenee of laser power on the face of the weld, the temperature on the weld is higher for P = 2.8 kW compared to P = 2.0 kW, especially the temperature in the sub-high temperature area. However, for the temperature field of the back of the weld, the ilffluenee of welding speeds is quite different compared to the results for the face of the weld. The highest temperature does not locate in the keyhole area, but instead in the middle of the molten pool. And there are different temperature features at different speeds. When v = 6 m/min, the temperature field is like a uniform color belt and the temperature along the center of the weld fluctuates between 300 and 450 ℃. When v = 4 m/rain, the transient temperature distribution is not uniform and is unstable at different times. However, for v = 2.4 m/rain and lower speeds, the temperature field becomes stable. The ilffluenee of laser power on the back of the weld temperature field is more complex. The measured temperature does not increase with increasing laser power, which seems to eolffliet with the conventional thermal conduction theory-. This may be related with the characteristics of the keyhole area.

Microstructure and wear behavior of laser cladding Ni-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti(C,N) particulates

In this paper, Ni-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti （C, N） particles was fabricated on the mild steel through laser cladding technology. The microstrncture of laser cladding layer was analyzed by means of optical microscopy （OM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The wear resistance test of the coating was evaluated using an M-2000 tester. The results showed that the Ni-based composite coating had an ability of rapid solidification to form dendritic crystals microstructure consisting of Ti （ C, N） particulates uniformly distributed in the matrix. It was found that some Ti（ C,N） particles are similar to be round in shape, and the others are irregular. Laser cladding layer reinforced by Ti（ C, N） particulates was found to possess good wear resistance property.

Microstructure and mechanical property of laser cladding Fe-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti （ C0.3 No. 7 ） particulates

Fe-based alloy coatings reinforced by Ti（ C, N） particles was produced through CO2 laser cladding technology. The microstructure of laser cladding coating was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） , selected area electron diffraction （ SAED ） , scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electron probe microscopic analyzer （ EPMA ）. The mechanical property of the layer was measured by using microhardness meter. The results show that Ti （ C0. 3 N0. 7 ） panicles are introduced by an in-situ metallurgical reaction between TiN particle and graphite powder during laser cladding process. Titanium carbonitrides particles existed in the layer are fairly fine, ranging from 0. 1 μm to 5.0 μm, and evenly dispersed in the metal α-Fe matrix. Most of them take on nearly rhombus shape, and some of them are irregular in shape. The microhardness of laser cladding layer ranges from 770 HV0. 3 to 850 HV0. 3.

Surface modification of TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding with TiC+Ti powders

Laser surface cladding was applied on a TC4 Ti alloy to improve its surface properties.Mixed TiC and Ti powders with a TiC-to-Ti mass ratio of 1:3 were put onto the TC4 Ti alloy and subsequently treated by laser beam.The microstructure and composition modifications in the surface layer were carefully investigated by using SEM,EDX and XRD.Due to melting,liquid state mixing followed by rapid solidification and cooling,a layer with graded microstructures and compositions formed.The TiC powders were completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified.The inter-dendritic areas were filled with fine α' phase lamellae enrich in Al.Mainly due to the reduced TiC volume fraction with increasing depth,the hardness decreases with increasing depth in the laser clad layer with a maximum value of HV1400,about 4.5 times of the initial one.