Shear localization behavior in hat-shaped specimen of near-αTi−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V titanium alloy loaded at high strain rate

The microstructure characteristics in early stage shear localization of near-αTi−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V titanium alloy were investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests using hat-shaped specimens.The microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of hat-shaped specimens were revealed by electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)method.It is found that the nucleation and expansion of adiabatic shear band(ASB)are affected by both geometric and structural factors.The increase of dislocation density,structure fragment and temperature rise in the deformation-affected regions provide basic microstructural conditions.In addition to the dislocation slips,the extension twins detected in shear region also play a critical role in microstructural fragmentation due to twin-boundaries effect.Interestingly,the sandwich structure imposes a crucial influence on ASB,which finally becomes a mature wide ASB in the dynamic deformation.However,due to much larger width,the sandwich structure in the middle of shear region is also possible to serve as favorable nucleation sites for crack initiation.

Experiment and modeling of TiB_(2)/TiB boride layer of Ti−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V alloy

The influence of the boriding conditions on the boride layers was examined by boriding Ti−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V alloy in the temperature range of 920−1120℃.The experimental results show that the boride layers were composed of a continuous thin outer layer of TiB_(2) and a thick inner layer of TiB with whiskers or needle-like morphologies that extended into the substrate.Thick and compact boride layers were obtained when the boriding temperatures were 1000−1080℃,and the treatment time exceeded 8 h.The boride layer depth increased with the boriding temperature and time,and the growth kinetics of the boride layers was characterized by a parabolic curve.The growth kinetics of the boride layers,including both TiB_(2) and TiB layers,were predicted by establishing a diffusion model,which presented satisfactory consistency with the experimental data.As a result,the activation energies of boron in the TiB_(2) and TiB layers were estimated to be 223.1 and 246.9 kJ/mol,respectively.

Characteristics of Faigue Crack Initiation in Ti-5Al-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.7Nd-0.25Si Alloy

The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation in Ti-5AI-4Sn-2Zr1Mo-O.7Nd-O.25Si alloy wereStudied. Two modes Of fatigue crack initiation were found. The Nd-rich phase particles displaybetter resistance to fatigue crack initiation than the matrix at lower stress.

(Ti_(0.7)Zr_(0.2)V_(0.1))Ni贮氢合金的电化学性能及氢致相变研究

研究了（Ｔｉ０．７Ｚｒ０．２Ｖ０．１）Ｎｉ合金的相结构和电化学性能。结果表明：在比较快的冷却条件下（真空电弧炉熔化，水冷铜坩埚凝固），合金铸态组织为具有Ｂ２结构（ＣｓＣｌ型）的单一奥氏体相；充氢使Ｂ２结构的奥氏体相转变为单斜结构的马氏体相；反复电化学充放氢使Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ和Ｚｒ９Ｎｉ１１相逐渐从母相中析出。在５０ｍＡ／ｇ放电倍率下，（Ｔｉ０．７Ｚｒ０．２Ｖ０．１）Ｎｉ合金的电化学容量可达３８０ｍＡｈ／ｇ，是ＴｉＮｉ二元合金的两倍。但经１０次充放电循环后合金容量迅速衰退至２００ｍＡｈ／ｇ。研究表明，（Ｔｉ０．７Ｚｒ０．２Ｖ０．１）Ｎｉ合金具有较高电化学容量主要是由于在ＴｉＮｉ相的催化作用下，具有高贮氢量的Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ相和Ｚｒ９Ｎｉ１１相能可逆地吸放氢所致，而其较快的容量衰退则主要与Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ相的氧化有关。

Grain refining of Er added to Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy and morphology of erbium precipitates

In order to investigate the effect of erbium （Er） on the microstructure of orthorhombic Ti2A1Nb-based alloys, four testing alloys were prepared by adding differ- ent contents of the rare earth metal Er to Ti-22A1-25Nb alloy and optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, energy- dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy were used. The results show that the addition of Er is capable of grain refining and the refinement effect is more obvious with increasing content of Er. The Er203 dispersoids formed by internal oxidation and A13Er com- pound particles are observed in Er-doped alloys and the number of Er precipitates is increased with increasing Er addition. It is likely that the solubility of Er in the Ti2A1Nb alloy is very low and Er precipitates tend to segregate at grain boundaries, which together with the surface activity of rare earth elements is supposed to decrease the prior B2 grain size of Ti-22A1-25Nb alloy effectively.

Friction and Wear Properties of TiAl and Ti_2AlN/TiAl Composites at High Temperature

The high-temperature friction and wear properties of TiAl alloys and Ti2AlN/TiAl composites （TTC） in contact with nickel-based superalloy were studied. The results showed that, at 800 and 1 000 ℃, the coefficient of the friction （COF） decreased with the increase of sliding velocity and the wear loss of the TTC decreased with the increase of volume fraction of Ti2AlN. The wear mechanisms of the pairs are adhesive wear and the wear debris mainly comes from the contacting nickel-based superalloy. The intergranular fracture and the cracking of the phase boundary in the lamellar structure are the wear mode of TiAl alloy. The wear mode of TTC is phase boundary fracture and adhesive spalling. The abrasive resistance of TTC is slightly higher than that of TiAl alloy.

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti_2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti_2AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook（TANH） constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2 D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables（i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature） implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments,which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.