As one of the ways to localize foods,community supported agriculture can strengthen food safety and should be reasonably guided and developed.Based on the analysis of the spatial layout of the community supported agri...As one of the ways to localize foods,community supported agriculture can strengthen food safety and should be reasonably guided and developed.Based on the analysis of the spatial layout of the community supported agriculture organizations in Beijing,this paper described the development framework and course of community supported agriculture in Beijing.Combining 3 differentiated cases with the consumer's participation in community supported agriculture and the trust mechanism,it was found that the drive type has a very significant impact on the characteristics of these organizations.展开更多
Though the method of citizen participation in urban planning is quite well established, for a specific segment of residential environment, however, existing participation system has not coped adequately with the issue...Though the method of citizen participation in urban planning is quite well established, for a specific segment of residential environment, however, existing participation system has not coped adequately with the issue. The specific residential environment has detailed aspects that need positive and high level involvement of the citizens in participating in all stages and every field of the plan. One of the best and systematic methods to obtain a more involved citizen is through a citizen workshop. To get a more “educated” citizen who participates in the workshop, a special session to inform the citizen on what was previously gathered through a survey was revealed to be prerequisite before the workshop. The computer support system is one of the best tools for this purpose. This paper describes the development of the computer support system for residential environment evaluation system, which is an essential tool to give more information to the citizens before their participation in public workshop. The significant contribution of this paper is the educational system framework involved in the workshop on the public participation system through computer support, especially for residential environment. The framework, development and application of the computer support system are described. The application of a workshop on the computer support system was commented on as very valuable and helpful by the audience as it resulted in greater benefit to have wider range of participation, and deeper level of citizen understanding.展开更多
Advances in antiretroviral therapy for both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and prevention have increased interest in adherence to HIV treatment. This is because the individual patient and public health b...Advances in antiretroviral therapy for both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and prevention have increased interest in adherence to HIV treatment. This is because the individual patient and public health benefits of antiretroviral treatment?(ART) greatly depend on the extent to which people living with HIV (PLHIV) adhere to the prescribed daily dosing regimens. Studies have shown that nonadherence to ART increases drug resistance, morbidity and person-to-person HIV transmission. Public health experts are trying different innovations to enhance ART adherence, including promoting support groups of PLHIV. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of support group participation in enhancing ART adherence. The study used a cross-sectional design to compare ART adherence among PLHIV who participate in support group activities and those who do not. Respondents were adults who were initiated on ART between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012. Multistage probability sampling was used to select study sites and respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 1676 respondents between February and May 2014. Data was analyzed using STATA. Univariate analysis was carried out to generate descriptive statistics, while Chi-square tests were used to examine if there was an association between participation in support group activities and antiretroviral treatment adherence. ART adherence was self-reported by 745/788 (95%) and 814/888 (92%) respondents who had ever and had never participated in support group activities respectively. Among respondents who reported nonadherence to ART, 74/117 (8%) had never participated in support group activities compared to just 43/117 (5%) who participated in support group activities. These findings suggest that PLHIV who participate in support group activities are more likely to adhere to ART than those who do not participate. This implies that there is value in participating in support groups by PLHIV in terms of ART adherence.展开更多
Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition,...Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.展开更多
Tghe whole of China will be mobilized to aid Tibet through 62 major projects to help the autonomous re-gion develop its economy and im-prove the standard of living of its people.The decision was made at the Third Nati...Tghe whole of China will be mobilized to aid Tibet through 62 major projects to help the autonomous re-gion develop its economy and im-prove the standard of living of its people.The decision was made at the Third National Conference on Tibet held in Beiing from}uly 20-23.The conference was spon-sored jointly by the Central Commit-tee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council of the People's Republic of China.Party General Secretary and President Jiang Zemin,Premier Li Peng and Chairman Li Ruihuan of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consulta-tive Conference(CPPCC)addressed the conference,which was attended by many other Party and state lead-ers,as well as representatives from Tibet and some other departments.展开更多
文摘As one of the ways to localize foods,community supported agriculture can strengthen food safety and should be reasonably guided and developed.Based on the analysis of the spatial layout of the community supported agriculture organizations in Beijing,this paper described the development framework and course of community supported agriculture in Beijing.Combining 3 differentiated cases with the consumer's participation in community supported agriculture and the trust mechanism,it was found that the drive type has a very significant impact on the characteristics of these organizations.
文摘Though the method of citizen participation in urban planning is quite well established, for a specific segment of residential environment, however, existing participation system has not coped adequately with the issue. The specific residential environment has detailed aspects that need positive and high level involvement of the citizens in participating in all stages and every field of the plan. One of the best and systematic methods to obtain a more involved citizen is through a citizen workshop. To get a more “educated” citizen who participates in the workshop, a special session to inform the citizen on what was previously gathered through a survey was revealed to be prerequisite before the workshop. The computer support system is one of the best tools for this purpose. This paper describes the development of the computer support system for residential environment evaluation system, which is an essential tool to give more information to the citizens before their participation in public workshop. The significant contribution of this paper is the educational system framework involved in the workshop on the public participation system through computer support, especially for residential environment. The framework, development and application of the computer support system are described. The application of a workshop on the computer support system was commented on as very valuable and helpful by the audience as it resulted in greater benefit to have wider range of participation, and deeper level of citizen understanding.
文摘Advances in antiretroviral therapy for both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and prevention have increased interest in adherence to HIV treatment. This is because the individual patient and public health benefits of antiretroviral treatment?(ART) greatly depend on the extent to which people living with HIV (PLHIV) adhere to the prescribed daily dosing regimens. Studies have shown that nonadherence to ART increases drug resistance, morbidity and person-to-person HIV transmission. Public health experts are trying different innovations to enhance ART adherence, including promoting support groups of PLHIV. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of support group participation in enhancing ART adherence. The study used a cross-sectional design to compare ART adherence among PLHIV who participate in support group activities and those who do not. Respondents were adults who were initiated on ART between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012. Multistage probability sampling was used to select study sites and respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 1676 respondents between February and May 2014. Data was analyzed using STATA. Univariate analysis was carried out to generate descriptive statistics, while Chi-square tests were used to examine if there was an association between participation in support group activities and antiretroviral treatment adherence. ART adherence was self-reported by 745/788 (95%) and 814/888 (92%) respondents who had ever and had never participated in support group activities respectively. Among respondents who reported nonadherence to ART, 74/117 (8%) had never participated in support group activities compared to just 43/117 (5%) who participated in support group activities. These findings suggest that PLHIV who participate in support group activities are more likely to adhere to ART than those who do not participate. This implies that there is value in participating in support groups by PLHIV in terms of ART adherence.
文摘Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.
文摘Tghe whole of China will be mobilized to aid Tibet through 62 major projects to help the autonomous re-gion develop its economy and im-prove the standard of living of its people.The decision was made at the Third National Conference on Tibet held in Beiing from}uly 20-23.The conference was spon-sored jointly by the Central Commit-tee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council of the People's Republic of China.Party General Secretary and President Jiang Zemin,Premier Li Peng and Chairman Li Ruihuan of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consulta-tive Conference(CPPCC)addressed the conference,which was attended by many other Party and state lead-ers,as well as representatives from Tibet and some other departments.
