Potential Effects of Some Environmental Factors on a Dinoflagellate Red Tide Caused by Gymnodinium catenatum in Shenhu Bay in 2017

In this study, some environmental factors were investigated to assess the potential effects on the dynamics of a dinoflagellate red tide caused by Gymnodinium catenatum in Shenhu Bay coastal waters in June, 2017. The highest cell density of G. catenatum was 1.0×10 6 cells/L, so it was known as the predominant species of the red tide discovered in Fujian coastal waters for the first time. Continuous rainfall process brought many land-based pollutants into the coastal waters, providing abundant nutrients for plankton growth. Then the continuous sunny and hot weather, high temperature, high salinity and south wind conditions accelerated the formation and occurrence of the red tide. During the red tide, DO, pH and COD increased remarkably and had significant positive correlations with the cell density of the red tide organisms. The contents of various nutrients decreased obviously, and eutrophication index E became low before and after the red tide, indicating the oligotrophic status of Shenhu Bay coastal waters. It is also found that DIP was one of the determinant environmental factors that induced the red tide. The N/P ratio of water in the declining phase of the red tide was close to the Redfield ratio. As for DIN, NH + 4-N and NO - 3-N were the two main species of inorganic nitrogen needed for this red tide dinoflagellate. The study indicates the relationship between the occurrence of the red tide and environmental conditions, providing essential reference for monitoring and forecasting research of red tide in marine environment and ecosystem management.

Study on the Characteristic Organic Compounds in Red Tide by Factor Analysis Method

Factor analysis is used to study the organic compounds that have high degree of correlation with biomass in algal blooming. Based on this correlation, they are named characteristic organic compounds. The compounds found are sequalene (SQU), cedrol (CED), 2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione, 2, 6-bis(1, 1-dimthylethyl ) (PBQ), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethy-4-methyl) (BHT), 3-t-butyl-4- hydroxyanisole ( BHA ), 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylie acid, bis-( 2-methyl propyl ) ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DNBP), respectively. Monitoring the variations of concentration of these characteristic organic compounds in seawater may provide scientific basis for studying and forecasting red tides.

水位升降和潮汐水位作用下围堰的安全稳定性

为了分析水位升降和潮汐水位作用下滨海区域围堰的安全稳定性,基于厦门市集美岛车站工程实例,应用Plaxis有限元程序的非饱和土渗流理论,采用有限元强度折减法,进行不同水位升降速度及潮汐水位循环作用下围堰的稳定性分析,通过围堰的安全系数变化曲线分析水位变化对围堰稳定性影响的机理。结果表明:围堰安全系数在水位升高时减小,水位上升速度越快,围堰安全系数减小速率越大;水位下降时存在临界水位降速,临界水位降速为1.0 m·d^(-1),当水位下降速度超过临界水位降速时,围堰安全系数先减小后增大,当水位下降速度小于临界水位降速时,围堰安全系数逐渐增大;围堰安全系数在落潮时增大,在涨潮时减小,潮汐振幅越大,围堰安全系数增值越大,随着循环次数的增加,相邻两次循环间围堰安全系数增量逐渐减小并趋于稳定。

回南天内墙乳胶漆泪痕弊病产生原因与影响因素研究

内墙乳胶漆在回南天期间容易出现亮斑泪痕的漆膜弊病,为了分析该现象的产生原因及其影响因素,通过分析内墙乳胶漆回南天泪痕产生过程和内在机理,进而测试了内墙乳胶漆各种组成成分、配方属性、制造工艺及施工配套条件下的回南天泪痕严重程度。最后,提出了改善内墙乳胶漆回南天泪痕弊病的几种方法。

Maltivariate Analysis of the Occurring Process of Skeletonema costatum Red Tide in the Changjiang Estuary

Using the SAS software, the data of environmental factors vs. red tide biomass were analysed during the process of Skeletonema costatum red tide which broke out in the Changjiang Estuary on June 9～15, 1990. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis show that the environmental factors are similar in their developing and maintenance periods and that the values of environmental factors begin to be restored to normal levels during the disappearing period.The results obtained from using the methods of correlation, variable cluster and main component analyses are basically identical. The important factors contributing to the occurrence of this red tide are atmospherical pressure, water temperature, salinity, pH, No3-, -N, Po43--P and Fe, among which,salinity, Fe and PO43--P are the leading factors which have triggered the occurrence of the red tide as determined by the step-by-step regression analysis. Meanwhile, the linear discrimination functions have been established for the red tide. The environmental factor data of another occurring process of Skeletonema costatum red tide in the Changjiang Estuary have been chosen for red tide discrimination with satisfactory results.

长乐-诏安断裂带上台站洞体应变观测质量及同震响应对比分析

泉州、莆田及厦门台同处于长乐-诏安断裂带上,选取3个台站2017—2021年洞体应变观测数据,分析资料的连续率、完整性及其内在质量。结果表明,泉州台洞体应变观测质量最好,其各项指标均可满足我国Ⅰ类台精度要求。各台洞体应变记录到的远震大震同震波形为震荡形,震级越大,振幅越大,持时越长,而近震大震同震波形则以脉冲型为主。

Inversion of the Strain Accumulation State in Crustal Interior from Observations of Earth Tide Tilts

The strain accumulation state in crustal interior and its migration trend can be inverted from observational data of earth tide tilts.In China,large earthquakes frequently occur in the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces.Using the observational data for years from 7 stations in this area,γ(the amplitude factor of earth tide tilts)values that characterize the strain accumulation state in crustal interior have been inverted in this paper.It has been found out that,Ms】5 events in the area often occur when γreaches an anomaly value.Using the time-space collocational stereomodelling the migration trend of strain accumulation can be determined to make a prediction for the probable location of a forthcoming earthquake in the area.

Ecological Characteristics of Phytoplankton in Qinhuangdao Waters during Red Tide Period

The spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton is influenced by physical and chemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Ph and nutrients. Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） are essential for the growth of phytoplankton, which play a key role in determining the abundance of phyto- plankton. The species composition, community similarity and diversity of phytoplankton affect the structure and function of ocean ecosystems. Marine phytoplankton can be used as a rapid and sensitive indicator reflecting environmental changes. The offshore area of Qinhuangdao is a spawning and feeding ground for fish, shrimp and crabs. However, this region has experienced an increase in frequency of red tides as a result of pollution and marine development. In 2010, red tides began in late May and ended in August. We evaluated the species composition, spatio-temporal distribution, community structure of phytoplankton and the relationship be- tween phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors based on data collected from May to September in 2010. The phytuplankton , belonging to 96 species, 46 genera, were identified. The phytoplankton community was primarily composed of Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta. The majority were neritic species or eurythermal and euryhaline cosmopolitan species, while the remainders were oceanic warm species or polagic species. The dominant species included Noctiluca scintiUans, Rhizosolenia stolterfothii, Ghaetoceros spp. , Goscinodiscus spp. , and Bacteriastrum spp.. A total of 48 red tide causative species were observed, accounting for 50% of total phytoplankton species. The average phytoplankton abundance ranged from 6.20 × 10^4 cells/m^3 to 4 129.53 × 10^4 cells/ms. Abundance peaked in September 2010 and reached the lowest value in July 2010. The diversity index values were all greater than 1.0, suggested that biodiversity and community structure was healthy. The highest indices of community structure and biodiversity were observed in September, and biediversity was the lowest in June. The community similarity of phytuplankton was relatively high and the similarity range was 40% -70% from May to September. The community similarity of phytoplankton successively were September 〉 July 〉 August 〉 May 〉 June. The average abundance of phytoplankton had significant negative correlation with salinity（ r = - 0. 734, P 〈 0. 01, N = 37 ） and significant positive correlation with inorganic nitrogen nutrients （ r = 0. 753, P 〈 0. 01, N = 37 ）. We concluded that inorganic nitrogen was the primary factor explaining the increase in phytoplankton abundance during the survey period. A canonical correspondence analysis of the relationship between phytoplankton species and environmental factors indicated that N/P, salinity, nitrate, silicate, nitrite and water temperature were the main environmental factors influencing community structure of phytoplankton in Qinhuangdac waters.

Tide forecasting method based on dynamic weight distribution for operational evaluation

Through analysis of operational evaluation factors for tide forecasting, the relationship between the evaluation factors and the weights of forecasters was examined. A tide forecasting method based on dynamic weight distribution for operational evaluation was developed, and multiple-forecaster synchronous forecasting was realized while avoiding the instability cased by only one forecaster. Weights were distributed to the forecasters according to each one＇s forecast precision. An evaluation criterion for the professional level of the forecasters was also built. The eligibility rates of forecast results demonstrate the skill of the forecasters and the stability of their forecasts. With the developed tide forecasting method, the precision and reasonableness of tide forecasting are improved. The application of the present method to tide forecasting at the Huangpu Park tidal station demonstrates the validity of the method.

典型东海原甲藻赤潮过程的环境影响因子分析

近二十年来,东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)在我国东海频繁引发赤潮,并已成为该海域的主要赤潮原因种之一。为研究该赤潮藻种对环境因子变化的响应,基于2019年5月浙江沿海赤潮发生区生态浮标和海洋台站的环境要素连续观测数据,结合主成分分析方法,对三次东海原甲藻赤潮生消过程及其成因进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,(1)持续的升温、降压、较高的湿度、较强的向岸风、充沛的营养盐以及海水盐度下降均是浙江沿海这几次东海原甲藻赤潮的重要诱发因素;(2)赤潮暴发期间偏弱的风速,缓慢升高的水温和气温均利于赤潮的维持;(3)溶解氧、pH与赤潮生物量呈显著正相关,亚硝氮与赤潮生物量呈显著负相关,三者的变化推测主要是赤潮生物光合作用产物和有机体分解产物的增加所引起;(4)赤潮后期偏高的pH、较强风速、盐度回升、气压升高以及水体营养盐含量的骤降均可加速赤潮的消亡。研究结果对认识东海原甲藻赤潮成因和生消机理有一定的指导意义,可为今后该种赤潮预警防控提供借鉴。

Alterations in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-v-Akt pathway in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-vAkt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway.METHODS:We analyzed 231 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded gastric cancer tissue specimens from Japanese patients who had undergone surgical treatment.The patients' age,sex,tumor location,depth of invasion,pathological type,lymph node metastasis,and pathological stage were determined by a review of the medical records.Expression of HER2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) using the HercepTest TM kit.Standard criteria for HER2 positivity(0,1+,2+,and 3+) were used.Tumors that scored 3+ were considered HER2-positive.Expression of phospho Akt(pAkt) was also analyzed by IHC.Tumors were considered pAkt-positive when the percentage of positive tumor cells was 10% or more.PI3K,catalytic,alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA) mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were analyzed by pyrosequencing.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection was analyzed by in situ hybridization targeting EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER) with an EBER-RNA probe.Microsatellite instability(MSI) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the mononucleotide markers BAT25 and BAT26.RESULTS:HER2 expression levels of 0,1+,2+ and 3+ were found in 167(72%),32(14%),12(5%) and 20(8.7%) samples,respectively.HER2 overexpression(IHC 3+) significantly correlated with intestinal histological type(15/20 vs 98 /205,P = 0.05).PIK3CA mutations were present in 20 cases(8.7%) and significantly correlated with MSI(10/20 vs 9/211,P < 0.01).The mutation frequency was high(21%) in T4 cancers and very low(6%) in T2 cancers.Mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were detected in 5(2%),9(4%) and 7(3%) cases,respectively.Two new types of PIK3CA mutation,R88Q and R108H,were found in exon1.All PIK3CA mutations were heterozygous missense singlebase substitutions,the most common being H1047R(6/20,30%) in exon20.Eighteen cancers(8%) were EBV-positive and this positivity significantly correlated with a diffuse histological type(13/18 vs 93/198,P = 0.04).There were 7 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas(LELC) and 6 of those cases were EBV-positive(percent/EBV:6/18,33%;percent/all LELC:6/7,86%).pAkt expression was positive in 119(53%) cases but showed no correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.pAkt expression was significantly correlated with HER2 overexpression(16/20 vs 103/211,P < 0.01) but not with PIK3CA mutations(12/20 vs 107/211,P = 0.37) or EBV infection(8/18 vs 103/211,P = 0.69).The frequency of pAkt expression was higher in cancers with exon20 mutations(100%) than in those with exon1(40%) or exon9(56%) mutations.One case showed both HER2 overexpression and EBV infection and 3 cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection.However,no cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and HER2 overexpression.One EBVpositive cancer with PIK3CA mutation(H1047R) was MSI-positive.Three of these 4 cases were positive for pAkt expression.In survival analysis,pAkt expression significantly correlated with a poor prognosis(hazard ratio 1.75;95%CI:1.12-2.80,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION:HER2 expression,PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection in gastric cancer were characterized.pAkt expression significantly correlates with HER2 expression and with a poor prognosis.

以潮汐模型为约束的gPhone重力仪格值系数标定方法改进

以观测数据与DDW潮汐模型之差的均方根和重力残差为约束,对基于M2潮波标定gPhone重力仪格值系数的方法进行改进。利用改进方法对连续重力台网内的9台gPhone重力仪格值系数进行标定,基于M2潮波相对误差、残差振幅谱均方根等指标对标定结果进行精度评定,并与FG5绝对重力仪比测法、M_(2)潮波标定法进行比较。结果表明,改进方法的M2潮波潮汐因子与理论固体潮模型平均相对误差提高到0.2152%,残差振幅谱均方根平均达到1.6902μGal,与FG5比测法精度相当,优于M2潮波标定法。最后,讨论格值系数分布规律以及重力残差矢量与台站所在位置的经度依赖关系。

五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度分析

本文对2016年1月—2021年12月连续6年五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度进行统计分析,台站水管倾斜仪和铟瓦棒伸缩仪内在精度质量较好;宽频带倾斜仪两个分量内在精度年均达到优秀指标的概率仅50%,且自2020年1月出现观测数据内在精度质量持续下降,导致观测资料质量不高。提高数据内在高质量的重要条件是确保观测数据的连续率,因此,提升台站人员业务水平和保证必要的备机备件是当务之急。

海州湾赤潮高发区浮游细菌与赤潮及环境因子的关系

海州湾是南黄海赤潮高发区之一。为研究浮游细菌与赤潮及环境因子的关系,于2020年11月在海州湾赤潮期间进行了现场调查,采集了8个站位的浮游细菌、浮游植物样品,获取了温度、盐度、叶绿素a以及氮、磷、硅营养盐浓度等环境因子信息,分析了赤潮原因种及浮游细菌群落结构情况。结果显示,此次赤潮原因种为三叶原甲藻(Prorocentrum triestinum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.),发生赤潮时水温、盐度较低,盐度与赤潮异弯藻的分布有一定的联系。使用16S rRNA高通量测序方法分析调查海域的浮游细菌情况,结果显示赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌多样性略低于其他非赤潮发生站位,优势细菌与其他站位有明显不同,以假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、红杆菌目(Rhodobacterales)和黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)为主。赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌群落结构也存在一定的差异,不同站位可能处于不同的赤潮阶段,对浮游细菌群落具有不同的影响。相关性分析显示,黄杆菌目与叶绿素a显著正相关,表明黄杆菌目与赤潮发生有一定的关系。

云南洞体应变仪M_(2)波月潮汐因子精度浅析

通过对2016年1月~2020年12月云南洞体应变M_(2)波月潮汐因子精度进行统计分析,对云南洞体应变观测资料内在质量及其干扰因素进行研究。研究结果表明仪器故障、气象、人为因素、施工等为影响洞体应变观测资料内在质量的主要干扰因素。

时间窗长选取对计算潮汐因子的影响

1研究背景地下水不仅可以直接反映含水层地下水流的流量,还可以反映由于受力状态改变引起的孔隙压力变化。井水位潮汐受到固体潮、气压潮等多种荷载的影响,观测井可以准确的记录潮汐波动,其中M_(2)波由月球引起且受气压影响的程度较小,不受气温和气压的影响,因此M_(2)波是水位固体潮分析中最有效的潮汐波分量。观测数据进行潮汐分析时,选取不同的时间窗长会影响潮汐因子的计算精度。Doan(2006)指出,为提取半日潮和日潮,最小持续时间为2天,为区分日潮和半日潮2个主要子带的分离至少需要15天。陈莹(2012)选取数据采样长度不同的数据提取M_(2)波幅度,得出了以1个月为尺度求出的M_(2)波振幅最佳,适合作为采样数据的时间长度。选取合适的时间窗长对计算潮汐因子精度至关重要。

东西连岛邻近海域绿潮发生前后浮游植物的群落变化

通过长时间的现场调查并结合历史资料分析,探讨了绿潮影响下浮游植物群落的变化。调查期间,浮游植物共鉴定出6门52属91种,分别为硅藻(67种,占74%)、甲藻(19种,占21%)、金藻(1种)、裸藻(1种)、绿藻(2种)、蓝藻(1种)。浮游植物细胞丰度为(8.16±7.48)×10^(4)cells/L,其中,甲藻细胞丰度为(1.10±1.05)×10^(4)cells/L;硅藻细胞丰度为(4.75±6.36)×10^(4)cells/L。共发现16种优势种,各个时期浮游植物优势种有所差别。经Spearman相关性分析,结果可知:水温、溶解无机氮和盐度是影响浮游植物群落的主要因素。结合历史资料分析,浮游植物优势种有一定变化,在本次调查期间绿潮发生时,中肋骨条藻不再占优势,而在历史同期时间,骨条藻仍是本海域重要的优势种之一。绿潮的暴发对浮游植物群落产生了一定的影响。

香港及珠江口海域有害赤潮发生机制初步探讨

回顾了香港及珠江口海域赤潮发生和藻毒素污染的历史及研究状况 ,结合 3种代表赤潮藻种最适光温盐生长实验 ,4种不同形态氮营养盐对几种常见赤潮藻种生长影响实验 ,以及不同营养盐、温度、盐度条件下赤潮藻群落变化过程实验 ,初步探讨了物理、化学、生物等环境因子在香港和珠江口海域赤潮发生中的作用机制。

海洋岛与王家岛周围海域赤潮生物夜光藻生态初探

对王家岛与石城岛周围海域浮游生物和理化因子的调查资料进行分析，结果表明，夜光藻的生物量以夏季两岛的南部及中部为最高，影响夜光藻繁殖的各环境因子中以浮游植物、可溶性无机磷、总氮、溶氧的共同作用最为显著，Ｙ＝ － ２５７－０ ＸＤＯ＋ ７２－０ ＸＮ－ １３３６－３ ＸＰ＋ １－８０ ＸＦ－ ２２５０ 。Ｒ＝ ０－７１３ ，Ｆ＝３－１０，统计检验，相关显著，回归有意义。

以丽江地震台为例研究潮汐观测仪器格值变化检测及格值归化方法

针对形变固体潮汐类观测数据,提出了一种新的检测仪器格值变化的方法,即潮汐因子相除法,并从理论上推导了利用此方法检测由于格值变化引起潮汐因子变化的原理,同时还提出利用格值变化时间前后M2波潮汐因子比值作为系数进行格值归化的方法。最后,结合丽江地震台水平摆实际观测数据,验证了格值变化检测和格值归化方法的可行性,并论述了在分析数据长周期趋势变化前需进行格值检测和归化的重要性。