Discrete time transfer matrix method for dynamics of multibody system with flexible beams moving in space

In this paper, by defining new state vectors and developing new transfer matrices of various elements mov- ing in space, the discrete time transfer matrix method of multi-rigid-flexible-body system is expanded to study the dynamics of multibody system with flexible beams moving in space. Formulations and numerical example of a rigid- flexible-body three pendulums system moving in space are given to validate the method. Using the new method to study the dynamics of multi-rigid-flexible-body system mov- ing in space, the global dynamics equations of system are not needed, the orders of involved matrices of the system are very low and the computational speed is high, irrespec- tive of the size of the system. The new method is simple, straightforward, practical, and provides a powerful tool for multi-rigid-flexible-body system dynamics.

Application of Geodetic Receivers to Timing and Time Transfer

Two methods for smoothing pseudorange observable by Carrier and Doppler are discussed. Then the procedure based on the RINEX observation files is tested using the Ashtech Z-XII3T geodetic receivers driven by a stable external frequency at UNSO. This paper proposes to adapt this procedure for the links between geodetic receivers, in order to take advantage of the P codes available on L 1 and L 2. This new procedure uses the 30-second RINEX observations files, the standard of the International GPS Service (IGS), and processes the ionosphere-free combination of the codes P 1 and P 2; the satellite positions are deduced from the IGS rapid orbits, available after two days.

New research trends on high-precision time transfer technology

High-precision time transfer plays an important role in the areas of fundamental research and applications. Accompanying w ith the remarkable improvements in the ability of generating and measuring high-accuracy time-frequency signal,seeking for new time-transfer techniques betw een distant clocks w ith much further improved accuracy attracts attentions w orld-w idely. The time-transfer technique based on optical pulses has the highest precision presently,and the further improvement in the accuracy is heavily dependent on the time-domain properties of the pulse as w ell as the sensitivity of the applied measurement on the exchanged pulse. The application of optical frequency comb in time transfer for a precision up to femtosecond level are currently the focus of much interest,and has recently achieved many breakthroughs. Further investigations show that,utilizing quantum techniques,i.e. quantum measurement technique and quantum optical pulse source,can lead to a new limit on the measured timing information. Furthermore,it can be immune from atmospheric parameters,such as pressure,temperature,humidity and so on.Such quantum improvements on time-transfer have a bright prospect in the future applications requiring extremely high-accuracy timing and ranging. The potential achievements w ill form a technical basis for the future realization of sub-femtosecond time transfer system.

A new receiver clock model to enhance BDS-3 real-time PPP time transfer with the PPP-B2b service

A new Precise Point Positioning(PPP)service,called the PPP-B2b service,has been implemented in the BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System(BDS-3),which brings new opportunities for time transfer.However,the solution using the traditional PPP method with the PPP-B2b correction still absorbs some unknown errors and needs reconverging when there exist abnormal data.We developed a new receiver clock model to improve PPP time transfer using the PPP-B2b correction.The traditional PPP time transfers using PPP-B2b with BDS-3,Global Positioning System(GPS),and BDS-3/GPS(Scheme1)are compared with the corresponding time transfer with the proposed clock model(Scheme2).The results show that GPS-only PPP is not recommended because of low accuracy of 2 ns.BDS-3 or BDS-3/GPS PPP time transfers in Scheme1 can realize about 0.2 ns accuracy.When the new clock model is applied,the accuracy can be improved by up to 45%and 39.8%for BDS-3 and BDS-3/GPS PPP,respectively.The proposed clock model can signifcantly improve the short-term frequency stability by 57.4%,but less for the long-term stability.

HEURISTIC STUDY OF FLOWSHOP SCHEDULING TO MINIMIZE MEAN FLOW TIME WITH LOT TRANSFER CONSIDERED

Lot scheduling problem with idle time transfer between processes to minimize mean flow time is very important because to minimize mean flow time is to minimize work in process. But the problem is NP hard and no polynomial algorithm exists to guarantee optimal solution. Based the analysis the mathematical structure of the problem, the paper presents a new heuristic algorithm. Computer simulation shows that the proposed heuristic algorithm performs well in terms of both quality of solution and execution speed.

Exfoliation corrosion behavior of 7050-T6 aluminum alloy treated with various quench transfer time

The exfoliation corrosion （EFC） behavior of 7050-T6 aluminum alloy treated with various quench transfer time after solution heat treatment was investigated by standard EFC immersion tests, strength loss measurements after EFC tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscope （EIS） technique. The results showed that EFC resistance of the alloy decreased with increasing quench transfer time. Backscattered electron scanning electron microscope （SEM） together with transmission electron microscope （TEM） observations revealed that the coverage ratio and microstructure of precipitates at grain boundary area are the most important factors which influence the EFC susceptibility of the alloy, while precipitate-free zone （PFZ） near grain boundary has no or only a minor effect on it. In addition, galvanostatic measurements of the alloy present a good correlation between EFC resistance and transients in potential. The cumulated number of transients in potential can be used to evaluate EFC resistance of the alloy.

Effects of in Vitro Maturation Time of Oocytes on Sheep Nuclear Transfer Efficiency

[Objective] The study aimed to provide references for the time of oocyte maturation in vitro and enucleation in the course of sheep nuclear transfer(NT).[Method] Compared the effects of different maturation time of oocytes on enucleation efficiency and reconstructed embryo development by means of blind enucleation and fluorescence microscopy.[Result] Treatment of IVM(in vitro maturation)19-21 h was significantly higher than IVM 16-18 h treatment in oocyte maturation rate(P<0.05)and was significantly higher than IVM 22-24 h treatment in enucleation rate(P<0.05).Three treatments had no significant difference in cleavage rate and blastocyst rate(P>0.05),but IVM 19-21 h treatment was significantly higher than the other 2 treatments in average cell number of blastocysts(P<0.05).[Conclusion] The appropriate in vitro maturation time of oocytes was 19-21 h for sheep nuclear transfer,which could significantly improve the quality of blastocysts according to the cell number per blastocyst(P<0.05).

Numerical Prediction Methods for Clock Deviation Based on Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer Data

Three functional models, polynomial, spectral analysis, and modified AR model, are studied and compared in fitting and predicting clock deviation based on the data sequence derived from two-way satellite time and frequency transfer. A robust equivalent weight is applied, which controls the significant influence of outlying observations. Some conclusions show that the prediction precision of robust estimation is better than that of LS. The prediction precision calculated from smoothed observations is higher than that calculated from sampling observations. As a count of the obvious period variations in the clock deviation sequence, the predicted values of polynomial model are implausible. The prediction precision of spectral analysis model is very low, but the principal periods can be determined. The prediction RMS of 6-hour extrapolation interval is Ins or so, when modified AR model is used.

The method and experiment analysis of two-way common-view satellite time transfer for compass system

Time synchronization between ground and satellites is a key technology for satellite navigation system. With dual-channel satellite, a method called Two-Way Common-View(TWCV) satellite time transfer for Compass system is proposed, which combines both characteristics of satellite common-view and two-way satellite-ground time transfer. By satellite-ground two-way pseudo-range differencing and two stations common-view differencing, this TWCV method can completely eliminate the influence of common errors, such as satellite clock offset, ephemeris errors, troposphere delay and station coordinates errors. At the same time, ionosphere delay related to signal frequency is also weakened significantly. So the precision of time transfer is improved much more greatly than before. In this paper, the basic principle is introduced in detail, the effect of major errors is analyzed and the practical calculation model in the Earth-fixed coordinate system for this new method is provided. Finally, experiment analysis is conducted with actual Compass observing data. The results show that the deviation and the stability of the satellite dual channel can be better than 0.1 ns, and the accuracy of the two-way common-view satellite time transfer can achieve 0.4 ns. All these results have verified the correctness of this TWCV method and model. In addition, we compare this TWCV satellite time transfer with the independent C-band TWSTFT(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer). It shows that the result of the TWCV satellite time transfer is in accordance with the C-band TWSTFT result, which further suggests that the TWCV method is a remote high precision time transfer technique. The research results in this paper are very important references for the development and application of Compass satellite navigation system.

An overview on GNSS carrier-phase time transfer research

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)carrier phase observations are two orders of higher accuracy than pseudo-range observations,and they are less affected by multipath besides.As a result,the time transfer accuracy can reach 0.1 ns,and the frequency transfer stability can reach 1×10^-15 with carrier phase(CP)method,therefore CP method is considered the most accurate and promising time transfer technology.The focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive summary of CP method,with specific attention directed toward day-boundary clock jump,ambiguity resolution(AR),multi-system time transfer and real-time time transfer.Day-boundary clock jump is essentially caused by pseudo-range noise.Several approaches were proposed to solve the problem,such as continuously processing strategy,sliding batch and bidirectional filtering methods which were compared in this study.Additionally,researches on AR in CP method were introduced.Many scholars attempted to fix the single-difference ambiguities to improve the time transfer result,however,owing to the uncalibrated phase delay(UPD)was not considered,the current studies on AR in CP method were still immature.Moreover,because four GNSS systems could be used for time-transfer currently,which was helpful to increase the accuracy and reliability,the researches on multi-system time transfer were reviewed.What’s more,real-time time transfer attracted more attention nowadays,the preliminary research results were presented.

On time transfer in X-ray pulsar navigation

X-ray pulsar navigation(XPNAV) is a new approach for spacecraft autonomous navigation.The system gets position information utilizing accurate timing methods.Among the timing models,the high-order relativistic effects on the propagated signal must be incorporated to attain precise timing.The time transfer model is provided in detail here in two parts:the time frame transformation and the relativistic effects.

Influence of quench transfer time on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy

The influence of quench transfer time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy with and without zirconium was investigated by tensile properties test,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.For the Zr-free alloy,the strength increases to the highest value at 20 s with transfer time,and then decreases slightly.The elongation decreases slowly with transfer time within 20 s,and more rapidly after 20 s.For the Zr-containing alloy,prolonging transfer time within 20 s results in slight decrease in the strength and elongation,and rapid drop of which is observed after 20 s.For the Zr-free alloy,prolonging transfer time can increase the percentage of intergranular fracture,which is mainly caused by wide grain boundary precipitate free zone.The failure mode of the Zr-containing alloy is modified from the predominant transgranular void growth and intergranular fracture to transgranular shear and intergranular fracture with increase in the transfer time,which is attributed to the wider grain boundary precipitate free zone and coarse equilibrium η phases in the matrix.

Joint transfer of time and frequency signals and multi-point synchronization via fiber network

A system of jointly transferring time signals with a rate of 1 pulse per second （PPS） and frequency signals of 10 MHz via a dense wavelength division multiplex-based （DWDM） fiber is demonstrated in this paper. The noises of the fiber links are suppressed and compensated for by a controlled fiber delay line. A method of calibrating and characterizing time is described. The 1PPS is synchronized by feed-forward calibrating the fiber delays precisely. The system is experimen- tally examined via a 110 km spooled fiber in laboratory. The frequency stabilities of the user end with compensation are 1.8x 10-14 at 1 s and 2.0x 10-17 at 104 s average time. The calculated uncertainty of time synchronization is 13.1 ps, whereas the direct measurement of the uncertainty is 12 ps. Next, the frequency and 1PPS are transferred via a metropoli- tan area optical fiber network from one central site to two remote sites with distances of 14 km and 110 km. The frequency stabilities of 14 km link reach 3.0x 10-14 averaged in 1 s and 1.4x 10-17 in 104 s respectively; and the stabilities of 110 km link are 8.3 x 10-14 and 1.7 x 10-17, respectively. The accuracies of synchronization are estimated to be 12.3 ps for the 14 km link and 13.1 ps for the 110 km link, respectively.

High-precision two-way time transfer system via long-distance commercial fiber link

Time synchronization techniques, especially on the pulse per second(PPS) temporal basis, have attracted growing research interests in recent years. In this paper, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a high-precision two-way time transfer(TWTT) system to realize long-distance dissemination of 1 PPS signal generated by a hydrogen maser. A dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing(DWDM) system and bi-directional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers(Bi-EDFAs) have also been adopted to suppress the impact of Rayleigh backscattering and optimize the signal to noise ratio(SNR) as well. We have theoretically analyzed the systematic delay in detail. The ultimate root mean square(RMS) variation of time synchronization accuracy is sub-26 ps and the time deviation can be reduced to as low as 1.2 ps at 100 s and 0.253 ps at 12 000 s, respectively.

Time-lapse技术联合一步法培养对胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响

目的比较时差成像(Time-lapse imaging TLI)系统培养与常规低氧培养的胚胎发育情况和妊娠结局的差异。方法回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年5月在广东医科大学附属医院生殖中心接受体外受精或卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗的年轻患者(20≤年龄≤35岁)的临床资料,根据胚胎培养方式分为TLI系统培养组(TLI组,n=254)和常规培养组(常规组,n=317),比较两组患者间基本资料及胚胎发育情况;再根据胚胎移植类型分为D3卵裂期胚胎移植(TLI组127例,常规组127例)和D5囊胚移植(TLI组99例,常规组143例)亚组,分别统计不同胚胎移植类型下两种培养方式的临床妊娠结局差异。结果两组患者的基本资料比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);常规组的成熟卵母细胞率(87.2%vs.85.5%)、总受精率(77.1%vs.73.1%)、2PN卵裂数[9(6.0,13.5)vs.9(6.0,12.0)]、优胚率(38.7%vs.36.1%)均显著高于TLI组(P<0.05);两组患者间的优胚数、囊胚数、MⅡ卵母细胞数、受精总数、2PN数、卵裂总数、囊胚形成率、2PN率、2PN卵裂率、卵裂胚胎利用率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D3卵裂期胚胎移植中,常规组的移植胚胎数显著高于TLI组[(1.80±0.11)vs.(1.68±0.47),P<0.05],两种培养方式组间胚胎着床数、种植率、HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率及双胎妊娠率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但常规组双胎率稍高于TLI组(33.8%vs.20.3%,P>0.05);D5囊胚移植中,两种培养方式组间胚胎着床数、种植率、临床妊娠率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但TLI组临床妊娠率稍高于常规组(65.7%vs.55.9%,P>0.05)。结论常规培养方式由于其经济、简便,是目前大多数中心的常用有效培养方法;针对年轻不孕妇女,TLI培养可能有效挑选更有种植潜力的胚胎,可能有助于提高种植率、保证妊娠率,且单胚胎移植有效减少多胎妊娠。

SOLVING 2-D NONLINEAR COUPLED HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER PROBLEMS VIA A SELF-ADAPTIVE PRECISE ALGORITHM IN TIME DOMAIN

A self-adaptive precise algorithm in the time domain was employed to solve 2-D nonlinear coupled heat and moisture transfer problems. By expanding variables at a discretized time interval, the variations of variables can be described more precisely,and a nonlinear coupled initial and boundary value problem was converted into a series of recurrent linear boundary value problems which are solved by FE technique. In the computation, no additional assumption and the nonlinear iteration are required, and a criterion for self-adaptive computation is proposed to maintain sufficient computing accuracy for the change sizes of time steps. In the numerical comparison, the variations of material properties with temperature, moisture content, and both temperature and moisture content are taken into account, respectively. Satisfactory results have been obtained, indicating that the proposed approach is capable of dealing with complex nonlinear problems.

基于卫星双向时间比对的无中心站间时间同步

针对多站分布式协同站间高精度时间同步关键问题,在详细介绍卫星双向时间比对的基本原理和精度分析基础上,设计了一种无中心多站卫星双向比对逻辑架构和多站时间同步处理算法,充分考虑硬件资源约束,并提供时差测量数据冗余,避免了因某个站故障造成的全系统时间同步功能失效,提高系统时间同步的鲁棒性和灵活性。基于精密单点定位技术进行了异地远程卫星双向时间同步精度验证,试验结果表明时间同步精度优于6 ns。

A Hybrid Neural Network Model Based on Transfer Learning for Forecasting Forex Market

The forecasting research literature has developed greatly in recent years as a result of advances in information technology. Financial time-series tasks have made substantial use of machine learning and deep neural networks, but building a prediction model from scratch takes time and computational resources. Transfer learning is growing popular in tackling these constraints of training time and computational resources in several disciplines. This study proposes a hybrid base model for the financial time series prediction employing the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) called RNN-LSTM. We used random search to fine-tune the hyperparameters and compared our proposed model to the RNN and LSTM base models and evaluate using the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE metrics. When forecasting Forex currency pairs GBP/USD, USD/ZAR, and AUD/NZD our proposed base model for transfer learning outperforms RNN and LSTM base model with root mean squared errors of 0.007656, 0.165250, and 0.001730 respectively.

Data Transfer Over the Internet for Real Time Applications

Efficient real time data exchange over the Internet plays a crucial role in the successful application of web-based systems. In this paper, a data transfer mechanism over the Internet is proposed for real time web based applications. The mechanism incorporates the eXtensible Markup Language （XML） and Hierarchical Data Format （HDF） to provide a flexible and efficient data format. Heterogeneous transfer data is classified into light and heavy data, which are stored using XML and HDF respectively; the HDF data format is then mapped to Java Document Object Model （JDOM） objects in XML in the Java environment. These JDOM data objects are sent across computer networks with the support of the Java Remote Method Invocation （RMI） data transfer infrastructure. Client＇s defined data priority levels are implemented in RMI, which guides a server to transfer data objects at different priorities. A remote monitoring system for an industrial reactor process simulator is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed data transfer mechanism.

胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植临床结局和出生子代的影响

目的探讨胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局和出生子代的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年6月期间在江西省妇幼保健院辅助生殖中心行首次FET的4075例妇女的临床资料。根据胚胎冻存时间分为4组:A组(胚胎冻存≤3个月,n=993)、B组(胚胎冻存4~6个月,n=1757)、C组(胚胎冻存7~12个月,n=880)和D组(胚胎冻存13~24个月,n=445),比较各组患者的一般资料、胚胎移植情况、妊娠结局和新生儿结局,采用多元Logistic回归分析胚胎冻存时间对妊娠结局和新生儿结局的影响。结果4组患者的胚胎冻存时间、女方取卵年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、原发不孕占比等一般资料有显著性差异(P<0.05)。4组患者间获卵数、可利用胚胎数、冷冻年份、内膜准备方案和单胚胎移植率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),囊胚移植率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4组患者FET后的临床妊娠率、多胎率、流产率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A~D组的活产率分别为50.86%、53.27%、49.55%和51.01%,组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。单胎活产婴儿的出生结局比较,4组新生儿的早产率、极早产率、低出生体重率、极低出生体重率、巨大儿率、男女性别比和出生缺陷发生率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,胚胎冻存时间对活产率、β-HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率和早产率等均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论胚胎玻璃化冻存2年内,胚胎冻存时间不影响首次FET的活产率,也不增加早产、低出生体重和出生缺陷发生风险。