Time-domain dynamic constitutive model suitable for mucky soil site seismic response

Soil nonlinear behavior displays noticeable effects on the site seismic response.This study proposes a new functional expression of the skeleton curve to replace the hyperbolic skeleton curve.By integrating shear modulus and combining the dynamic skeleton curve and the damping degradation coefficient,the constitutive equation of the logarithmic dynamic skeleton can be obtained,which considers the damping effect in a soil dynamics problem.Based on the finite difference method and the multi-transmitting boundary condition,a 1D site seismic response analysis program called Soilresp1D has been developed herein and used to analyze the time-domain seismic response in three types of sites.At the same time,this study also provides numerical simulation results based on the hyperbolic constitutive model and the equivalent linear method.The results verify the rationality of the new soil dynamic constitutive model.It can analyze the mucky soil site nonlinear seismic response,reflecting the deformation characteristics and damping effect of the silty soil.The hysteresis loop area is more extensive,and the residual strain is evident.

Imaging simulation and analysis of attitude jitter effect on topographic mapping for lunar orbiter stereo optical cameras

The geometric accuracy of topographic mapping with high-resolution remote sensing images is inevita-bly affected by the orbiter attitude jitter.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the stereo mapping camera equipped on lunar orbiter before launching.In this work,an imaging simulation method consid-ering the attitude jitter is presented.The impact analysis of different attitude jitter on terrain undulation is conduct-ed by simulating jitter at three attitude angles,respectively.The proposed simulation method is based on the rigor-ous sensor model,using the lunar digital elevation model(DEM)and orthoimage as reference data.The orbit and attitude of the lunar stereo mapping camera are simulated while considering the attitude jitter.Two-dimensional simulated stereo images are generated according to the position and attitude of the orbiter in a given orbit.Experi-mental analyses were conducted by the DEM with the simulated stereo image.The simulation imaging results demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure imaging efficiency without losing the accuracy of topographic mapping.The effect of attitude jitter on the stereo mapping accuracy of the simulated images was analyzed through a DEM comparison.

Time-Domain Analysis of Body Freedom Flutter Based on 6DOF Equation

The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.

POCS联合改进的Jitter采样理论曲波域地震数据重建

由于采集条件的限制及后续处理中废炮废道的剔除,使得地震数据成为不完整数据体,这将影响后续地震资料的处理及反演,因此有必要进行地震数据重建。本文结合曲波变换和凸集投影(POCS)方法对不规则地震数据进行重建:对比分析不同阈值模型对二维地震数据重建结果及收敛速度的影响,采用改进的指数阈值模型(q=0.5)和改进的Jitter欠采样方法在频率域对每一有效频率切片进行二维重建,最终实现三维地震数据重建,并有效地提高了计算效率。在迭代过程中,定义了新的误差函数公式,从而在保证重建质量的同时有效地结束迭代,再次提高了计算效率。模拟数据分析和实际数据处理结果均验证了方法的有效性。

基于jitter采样和曲波变换的三维地震数据重建

传统的地震勘探数据采样必须遵循奈奎斯特采样定理,而野外数据采样可能由于地震道缺失或者勘探成本限制,不一定满足采样定理要求,因此存在数据重建问题.本文基于压缩感知理论,利用随机欠采样方法将传统规则欠采样所带来的互相干假频转化成较低幅度的不相干噪声,从而将数据重建问题转为更简单的去噪问题.在数据重建过程中引入凸集投影算法(POCS),提出采用e-(x^(1/2))(0≤x≤1)衰减规律的阈值参数,构建基于曲波变换三维地震数据重建技术.同时针对随机采样的不足,引入jitter采样方式,在保持随机采样优点的同时控制采样间隔.数值试验表明,基于曲波变换的重建效果优于傅里叶变换,jitter欠采样的重建效果优于随机欠采样,最后将该技术应用于实际地震勘探资料,获得较好的应用效果.

PC-based artif icial neural network inversion for airborne time-domain electromagnetic data

Traditionally, airborne time-domain electromagnetic （ATEM） data are inverted to derive the earth model by iteration. However, the data are often highly correlated among channels and consequently cause ill-posed and over-determined problems in the inversion. The correlation complicates the mapping relation between the ATEM data and the earth parameters and thus increases the inversion complexity. To obviate this, we adopt principal component analysis to transform ATEM data into orthogonal principal components （PCs） to reduce the correlations and the data dimensionality and simultaneously suppress the unrelated noise. In this paper, we use an artificial neural network （ANN） to approach the PCs mapping relation with the earth model parameters, avoiding the calculation of Jacobian derivatives. The PC-based ANN algorithm is applied to synthetic data for layered models compared with data-based ANN for airborne time-domain electromagnetic inversion. The results demonstrate the PC-based ANN advantages of simpler network structure, less training steps, and better inversion results over data-based ANN, especially for contaminated data. Furthermore, the PC-based ANN algorithm effectiveness is examined by the inversion of the pseudo 2D model and comparison with data-based ANN and Zhody＇s methods. The results indicate that PC-based ANN inversion can achieve a better agreement with the true model and also proved that PC-based ANN is feasible to invert large ATEM datasets.

基于等效采样时钟jitter的精确测量

提出了关于时钟jitter的一种新的测量方法。该方法是在等效采样的基础上,对采样信号做平均,平均后的信号就是原采样信号与时钟jitter的概率密度函数(PDF)的卷积,所以理论上时钟jitter可以通过对平均的信号进行反卷积得到,而实际操作中反卷积很难得到。按等效采样间隔把卷积离散化为一个线性卷积的形式,从而在最小方差意义上给出了时钟jitter概率密度函数反卷积的结果。这种方法不仅可以给出时钟jitter的均方差,同时也给出了时钟jitter的分布,实现了某种意义上jitter的精确测量。

Solution and Analysis of Chatter Stability for End Milling in the Time-domain

In this paper, the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modeled to include the dynamic modulation caused by the tool vibration while the dynamic regenerative effects are taken into account. The numerical method is used to solve the differential equations goveming the dynamics of the milling system. Several chatter detection criteria are applied synthetically to the simulated signals and the stability diagram is obtained in time-domain. The simulation results in time-domain show a good agreement with the analytical prediction, which is validated by the cutting experiments. By simulating the chatter stability lobes in the time-domain and analyzing the influences of different spindle speeds on the vibration amplitudes of the tool under a Fixed chip-load condition, conclusions could be drawn as follows： In rough milling, higher machining efficiency can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed corresponding to the axial depth of cut in accordance with the simulated chatter stability lobes, and in Fmish milling, lower surface roughness can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed well beyond the resonant frequency of machining system.

基于加速度信号的TMT三镜镜面jitter测量

为了更好地对于TMT三镜镜面jitter进行评价,基于镜面方向的加速度信号,通过传递函数以及功率谱的方法,获得了镜面jitter的频域分布与数值特征。首先,对于梯形积分、辛普森积分以及3/8辛普森积分的基本性质进行推导,之后基于功率谱的思想,提出利用白噪声填满数据全部频域以及结合数值方法得到传递函数;最后对于实际测量得到的加速度信号,得到了米级口径望远镜镜面jitter的数值以及频域分布,同时证明了利用文中方法对TMT三镜镜面jitter进行评价的可行性。文中的方法对于同类的大口径望远镜的jitter测量也有一定的借鉴意义。

Fast-Lock Low-Jitter PLL with a Simple Phase-Frequency Detector

A fast-locking, low-jitter, phase-locked loop （PLL） with a simple phase-frequency detector is proposed. The phase-frequency detector is composed of only two XOR gates. It simultaneously achieves low jitter and short locking time. The voltage-controlled oscillator within the PLL consists of four-stage ring oscillators which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency and a phase shift of 45. The PLL is fabricated in 0. 1Stem CMOS technology. The measured phase noise of the PLL output at 500kHz offset from the 5GHz center frequency is - 102.6dBc/Hz. The circuit exhibits a capture range of 280MHz and a low RMS jitter of 2.06ps. The power dissipation excluding the output buffers is only 21.6roW at a 1.8V supply.

Comparison of the time-domain electromagnetic field from an infinitesimal point charge and dipole source

An electromagnetic field is generated through the accelerating movement of two equal but opposite charges of a single dipole. An electromagnetic field can also be generated by a time-varying infinitesimal point charge. In this study, a comparison between the electromagnetic fields of an infinitesimal point charge and a dipole has been presented. First, the time-domain potential function of a point source in a 3D conductive medium is derived. Then the electric and magnetic fields in a 3D homogeneous lossless space are derived via the relation between the potential and field. The field differences between the infinitesimal point charge and the dipole in the step-off time, far-source, and near-source zones are analyzed, and the accuracy of the solutions from these sources is investigated. It is also shown that the field of the infinitesimal point charge in the near-source zone is different from that of the dipole, whereas the far-source zone fields of these two sources are identical. The comparison of real and simulated data shows that the infinitesimal point charge represents the real source better than the divole source.

重症肌无力患者Jitter值及肌纤维密度测定研究

运用单纤维肌电图（SFEMG）技术对49例重症肌无力（MG）患者和35例正常人进行了Jitter值、肌纤维密度（FD）值测定，同时结合低频重复电刺激（IFRNS）、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体抗体（nAchRab）测定作了对比研究。结果显示:MG患者的Jitter明显增宽（P＜0.01）;SFEMG检出MG比LFRNS与nAchRab测定阳性率高（P＜0.05），而且发现临床尚未出现肌无力症状的肌肉中也存在潜在的神经肌肉传递障碍;MG患者FD值无明显增高（P＞0.05）。从而提示，Jitter测定对诊断MG是一项敏感性较高的电生理技术，FD测定可作为区分MG患者与其它神经肌肉疾病患者Jitter异常的一个良好指标。

Numerical modeling of the 2D time-domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source of the current excitation

To effectively minimize the electromagnetic field response in the total field solution, we propose a numerical modeling method for the two-dimensional （2D） time- domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source based on the DuFort- Frankel finite-difference method. In the proposed method, we included the treatment of the earth-air boundary conductivity, calculated the normalized partial derivative of the induced electromotive force （Emf）, and determined the forward time step. By extending upward the earth-air interface to the air grid nodes and the zero-value boundary conditions, not only we have a method that is more efficient but also simpler than the total field solution. We computed and analyzed the homogeneous half-space model and the fiat layered model with high precision--the maximum relative error is less than 0.01% between our method and the analytical method--and the solution speed is roughly three times faster than the total-field solution. Lastly, we used the model of a thin body embedded in a homogeneous half-space at different delay times to depict the downward and upward spreading characteristics of the induced eddy current, and the physical interaction processes between the electromagnetic field and the underground low-resistivity body.

家兔在体胫骨前肌单纤维动作电位及颤抖(jitter)值的测定

用自制的jitter数据处理仪配合计算机,采用细胞外引导单纤维动作电位(SF-AP)的方法,观察了家兔在体胫骨前肌SF-AP的特征和在同一运动单位中相邻两条肌纤维重复兴奋时,电位对(potential pair)间隔时间的变异,即颤抖(jitter)。(1)家兔胫骨前肌SF-AP呈光滑先正后负的双相锋电位,其振幅在3mV以上,锋电位持续时间约在1-1.5ms。(2)对7只家兔在体胫骨前肌同一位置引导出来的936个jitter值经自制的jitter数据处理仪及微机统计学处理,均值为31.56μs,百分位数P_(75)-P_(25)为54.99-14.61μs。(3)单肌纤维jitter值的频率直方图多趋于正偏态分布,下限值小于人体骨胳肌正常下限,提示人与家兔骨胳肌SFEMG的jitter值范围略有区别。

基于ADC的时钟jitter测试平台的研究

本文实现了一种利用高速模数转换器(ADC)采样测量时钟jitter的硬件测试平台。文中针对高速、高分辨ADC的特性,导出时钟Jitter对输出码密度的影响,根据这层关系可以反推出时钟Jitter的大小。同时介绍了如何在硬件上产生高速、可以控制的时钟jitter。最后通过ModelSim和Matlab对这个平台进行仿真分析,结果表明这种方法不需要高性能仪器,且具有高分辨和低时耗等特点。

大口径望远镜jitter检测与评估综述

为了更好地理解与评估大口径系统jitter,首先对jitter的概念进行了描述,之后对jitter的来源,影响因素等展开了论述;然后着重介绍了30 m望远镜的三镜系统(thirty meter telescope tertiary mirror,TMT M3),其要求在系统准直标校之后jitter的要求为0.1″RMS,经过自适应滤波之后为0.2 mas RMS,针对该要求,对TMT M3 jitter的分析与检测要求以及步骤进行了介绍。最后,从主动隔振以及控制策略的角度简述了对jitter的抑制方法。文章对理解jitter的产生与性质以及jitter的抑制都有着较好的指导意义。

单纤维肌电图jitter值和重症肌无力病情变化的相关性

目的:探讨单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)颤抖(jitter)值变化和重症肌无力(MG)病情变化之间的相关性.方法:对MG患者治疗前后的病情进行绝对评分并计算相对评分,同时行SFEMG检查,统计分析病情变化相对评分和jitter值变化率之间的关系.结果:MG患者随病情好转或痊愈,jitter值相应变小,病情变化和jitter值变化率总体呈弱相关(非Ⅰ型MG患者相关参数r=0.617,R2=0.380,P=0.008).结论:jitter值变化不能灵敏地反应MG患者病情的变化.

An Adaptive-Bandwidth CMOS PLL with Low Jitter and a Wide Tuning Range

This paper presents a novel adaptive-bandwidth charge pump PLL with low jitter and a wide tuning range. With an adaptive bandwidth,the proposed PLL can scale its loop dynamics proportional to the output frequency and maintain optimal performance over its entire output range. In order to improve the jitter performance of the PLL,a matching tech- nique is employed in the charge pump,and a voltage-to-voltage converter is used to achieve a low gain VCO. The experimental chip was fabricated in a 0. 35μm CMOS process. The measured results show that the PLL has perfect jitter performance within its operating range from 200MHz to 1.1GHz.

Three-dimensional arbitrarily anisotropic modeling for time-domain airborne electromagnetic surveys

Electrically anisotropic strata are abundant in nature, so their study can help our data interpretation and our understanding of the processes of geodynamics. However, current data processing generally assumes isotropic conditions when surveying anisotropic structures, which may cause discrepancies between reality and electromagnetic data interpretation. Moreover, the anisotropic interpretation of the time-domain airborne electromagnetic （TDAEM） method is still confined to one dimensional （1D） cases, and the corresponding three-dimensional （3D） numerical simulations are still in development. In this study, we expanded the 3D TDAEM modeling of arbitrarily anisotropic media. First, through coordinate rotation of isotropic conductivity, we obtained the conductivity tensor of an arbitrary anisotropic rock. Next, we incorporated this into Maxwell＇s equations, using a regular hexahedral grid of vector finite elements to subdivide the solution area. A direct solver software package provided the solution for the sparse linear equations that resulted. Analytical solutions were used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm. The proven model was then applied to analyze the effects of arbitrary anisotropy in 3D TDAEM via the distribution of responses and amplitude changes, which revealed that different anisotropy situations strongly affected the responses of TDAEM.

大口径望远镜Jitter测量方法研究

为了更好地对于大口径光学系统Jitter进行评价,本文利用加速度信号提出了对于Jitter的测量方案.首先,基于刚体运动学理论,得出所需的Jitter信号;在对比了不同的数值积分方法之后,选择频域积分方法从加速度信号获得位移信号,并结合功率谱的方法分析了系统的动力学特性以及测量方法的误差传递性能;最后,本文通过对于米级望远镜的整体进行的Jitter测试,获得了镜面法向、倾斜以及系统整体的Jitter,分别对应为2μm RMS、2"RMS,同时获得测量误差大约为5%,验证了本文理论的正确性与方法的可行性.本文的工作对于大口径光学元件的检测装调成有着重要的意义,同时对于jitter的抑制也有着一定指导意义.