DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT IN CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY BASED ON INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

Based on the recently quick-developing time-frequency analysis (TFA)technique and virtual instrument (VI) technique, a virtual instrument in characteristic analysis ofrotating machinery is researched and developed successfully. By utilizing instantaneous frequencyestimation (IFE) theoretics of TFA technique, and based on IFE of peak searching on thetime-frequency spectrum, order analysis (OA) functions is put forward and implemented, such as orderspectrum, order spectrum matrix, order tracking, order tracking filtering, and order componentextraction, etc. Unlike the home and abroad existing popular characteristic analyzers, which needkey phasing devices such as shaft encoder, phase-locked loop (PLL), phase-locked multiple frequency,tachometer, etc, to implement constant angle sampling directly or indirectly, whereas thisinstrument only uses the vibration signal of rotating machinery to carry out OA. This instrumentmakes up the shortage of these traditional instruments in analyzing the non-stationary signal ofrun-up and run-down process of rotating machinery. Therefore, it is a great breakthrough for theexisting order analyzers.

Novel Doppler Frequency Extraction Method Based on Time-Frequency Analysis and Morphological Operation

A novel method of Doppler frequency extraction is proposed for Doppler radar scoring systems. The idea is that the time-frequency map can show how the Doppler frequency varies along the time-line, so the Doppler frequency extraction becomes curve detection in the image-view. A set of morphological operations are used to implement curve detection. And a map fusion scheme is presented to eliminate the influence of strong direct current （DC） component of echo signal during curve detection. The radar real-life data are used to illustrate the performance of the new approach. Experimental results show that the proposed method can overcome the shortcomings of piecewise-processing-based FFT method and can improve the measuring precision of miss distance.

Adaptive Fourier Decomposition Based Time-Frequency Analysis

The attempt to represent a signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains is full of challenges. The recently proposed adaptive Fourier decomposition （AFD） offers a practical approach to solve this problem. This paper presents the principles of the AFD based time-frequency analysis in three aspects： instantaneous frequency analysis, frequency spectrum analysis, and the spectrogram analysis. An experiment is conducted and compared with the Fourier transform in convergence rate and short-time Fourier transform in time-frequency distribution. The proposed approach performs better than both the Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform.

Time-Frequency Analysis of Asymmetric Triaxial Galaxy Model Including Effect of Spherical Dark Halo Component

A method of time-frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets is applied to study the phase space structure of three-dimensional asymmetric triaxial galaxy enclosed by spherical dark halo component. The investigation is carried out in the presence and absence of dark halo component. Time-frequency analysis is based on the extraction of instantaneous frequency from the phase of the continuous wavelet transform. This method is comparatively fast and reliable. This method can differentiate periodic from quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky from chaotic non-sticky, ordered from chaotic and also, it can accurately determine the time interval of the resonance trapping and transitions too. Apart from that, the phenomenon of transient chaos can be explained with the help of time-frequency analysis. Comparison with the method of total angular momentum (denoted as Ltot) proposed recently is also presented.

Detection and Delineating of Hydrocarbon Contaminants by Using Time and Frequency Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar

This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon products and the subsequent contamination of plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research proposes the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how it affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum, so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal the range of target detection and consistency of data on the controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accurate detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of using the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.

A Practical Algorithm for Analysis of AM-FM Signals

The demodulation algorithm for AM-FM sinusoids proposed in reference[1]canonly deal with complex exponential sequences.In real applications,one needs to con-struct an analytic signal from real samples.Influenced by the Hilbert Transformation,thecomplex noise in the analytic signal is colored.This paper analyzes the colored noise andthe disadvantage caused by the noise in the estimations of the instantaneous frequencyand amplitude factor using the algorithm in[1]and formulates a practical algorithm.

Range-instantaneous Doppler imaging of inverse synthetic aperture sonar

Because the existing range-Doppler algorithm in inverse synthetic aperture sonar (ISAS) is based on target model of uniform motion, it may be invalidated for maneuvering targets due to the time-varying changes of both individual scatter′s Doppler and imaging projection plane. To resolve the problem, a new range-instantaneous Doppler imaging method is proposed for imaging maneuvering targets based on time-frequency analysis. The proposed approach is verified using real underwater acoustic data.

道路地下空洞探地雷达波场和时频特性

根据城市道路地下介质的分布特征和电性参数设计模型,采用时域有限差分法和广义S变换,对道路地下存在的充气空洞、充水空洞、回填不密实、埋藏金属物状态进行探地雷达正演模拟和时频特征提取。结果表明,地下空洞顶界面的反射波同相轴均呈弧形反射形态,但充气空洞的反射波能量强于充水空洞;地下空洞发育区域的中心频率集中在某个低频区间,其余频率成分分布较均匀;埋藏金属物区域出现两簇高幅值能量团,频率分布较分散;回填不密实区域频率未能显示出较明显的规律。最后,通过工程实测验证了数值模拟的可靠性。

基于ILMSST识别时变结构非平稳响应信号瞬时频率

为解决局部最大同步挤压变换算法识别的频率精度不足及频带能量发散的问题,提出一种改进算法并将之命名为改进局部最大同步挤压变换方法(improved local maximum synchrosqueezing transform,ILMSST)。该方法首先对瞬时频率(instantaneous freguency,IF)位置进行多次迭代,从而获得更高精度的瞬时频率位置。其次,搜索短时傅里叶系数模极大值的位置并上下平移该位置,得到初步估算的频带并将频带外的短时傅里叶系数归零。最后,搜索频率方向上短时傅里叶系数的局部最大值所对应的瞬时频率位置,根据这些位置对时频系数进行重排,进而得到细化的瞬时频带。通过2组数值算例、1个7层钢筋混凝土剪力墙振动台试验和1个时变拉索试验验证了所提新方法的有效性,研究结果表明:相比现有的局部最大同步挤压变换方法,改进算法不仅提高了瞬时频率的估算精度,而且改善了响应信号瞬时频带的时频聚集性。

基于经验小波变换的瞬时谱分析技术及其在致密砂岩气藏检测中的应用

瞬时谱分析技术在油气检测方面具有巨大潜力。瞬时谱分析技术建立在时频分析方法的基础上,因此瞬时谱分析技术的好坏取决于时频方法的优劣。传统时频分析方法受Heisenberg测不准原理的制约,在处理地震信号这类非平稳信号时无法兼顾时间域和频率域的分辨率。将经验小波变换应用到瞬时谱分析技术中,与基于传统时频分析方法的瞬时谱分析技术相比具有更高的时间和频率分辨率,解决了Heisenberg测不准原理的制约难题。将基于经验小波变换的瞬时谱分析技术应用于致密砂岩气藏的地震资料中,分别从一维地震道、二维地震剖面两种角度开展了致密砂岩气藏的检测工作。结果表明,基于经验小波变换的瞬时谱分析技术相比常规方法具有更优的含气检测能力。

地震映像高精度时频分析方法在铁路隧底隐伏岩溶识别中的应用研究

铁路岩溶隧道隧底隐伏岩溶危及列车行车安全,为了彻底消除安全隐患,保证运营安全,在新建铁路工程静态验收前须完成隧底隐伏岩溶探测、整治设计、整治施工等工作。岩溶探测手段以物探为主钻探为辅,地震映像法作为成熟的物探方法得到了大量应用。地震映像剖面包括时域和频域信息,由于目前用于地震映像时频分析方法计算过程较繁琐、精度不高,实际生产中并未得到广泛应用,资料分析仍以时域的波形特征识别为主,而波形特征具有复杂性、多解性,资料解释准确度不高。这里引入Wigner-Ville改进方法对地震映像剖面进行时频分析,得到高精度的瞬时频率属性剖面,综合利用地震映像剖面的时域和频域信息进行解释,减少了多解性,提高了判释的准确度。本新方法在铁路隧底隐伏岩溶探测中得到了成功验证,对类似岩溶勘探具有重要的借鉴作用。

Spatial transformation of general sampling-aliasing frequency region for rotating-blade parameter identification with emphasis on single-probe blade tip-timing measurement

Blade-health monitoring is intensely required for turbomachinery because of the high failure risk of rotating blades.Blade-Tip Timing(BTT)is considered as the most promising technique for operational blade-vibration monitoring,which obtains the parameters that characterize the blade condition from recorded signals.However,its application is hindered by severe undersampling and stringent probe layouts.An inappropriate probe layout can make most of the existing methods invalid or inaccurate.Additionally,a general conflict arises between the allowed and required layouts because of arrangement restrictions.For the sake of economy and safety,parameter identification based on fewer probes has been preferred by users.In this work,a spatial-transformation-based method for parameter identification is proposed based on a single-probe BTT measurement.To present the general Sampling-Aliasing Frequency(SAFE)map definition,the traditional time-frequency analysis methods are extended to a time-sampling frequency.Then,a SAFE map is projected onto a parameter space using spatial transformation to extract the slope and intercept parameters,which can be physically interpreted as an engine order and a natural frequency using coordinate transformation.Finally,the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments under uniformly and nonuniformly variable speed conditions.

基于瞬时谱匹配的地震波选波方法及应用

地震波输入对结构非线性响应具有重要影响,选取合适的地震波输入计算是保证结构时程分析响应结果准确的首要条件。文章通过对比地震波瞬时谱的模型化方法,优化并提出可以考虑地震波时频特性的选波方法,并与《建筑抗震设计规范》方法进行对比分析。结果表明:匹配瞬时谱的选波方法可以有效地控制所选地震波的时、频域差异性,降低结构时程分析响应离散度,可为工程选波提供依据。

基于瞬时频率估计的旋转机械阶比跟踪

提出了基于瞬时频率估计(Instantaneous frequency estimation,IFE)实现旋转机械阶比跟踪的新方法,其优点是简化了阶比分析对硬件的要求,用软件的方法实现了阶比跟踪,仿真与实际测试试验验证了本方法的正确性。本方法实现了旋转机械非平稳振动信号中参考轴瞬时转速的跟踪、估计算法,为阶比分析的实际应用提供了一种新方法,是对原有阶比跟踪技术的有力补充,特别适合于虚拟仪器发展的要求。

地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析

针对地震勘探信号,对非平稳信号时频分析几种适效方法:短时Fourier变换、小波变换、S变换、Wigner分布、平滑伪Wigner分布、锥形核时频分布、AOK(adaptive optimum kernel,自适应最优核函数)分布等进行对比与应用研究.在阐明各种方法基本原理的基础上,进行数值分析与应用研究.首先对非平稳地震勘探模拟信号进行试算及时频属性提取,结合各类方法的信号表示理论,在时频局部化的精度和交叉项抑制等方面对计算结果进行对比分析;进一步应用于实际二维地震数据,提取瞬时频率和瞬时带宽等时频属性,进行比较研究.研究表明:对于地震勘探信号,就本文涉及的几种时频分析方法而言,AOK分布是时频局部化精度最高、交叉项抑制最好、时频匹配最优的方法,值得在地震勘探信号分析和地震属性提取、频谱分解等应用中深入研究和应用.

基于LMD的信号瞬时频率求取方法及实验

研究了调频信号瞬时频率的直接求取法,提出了纯调频信号的瞬时频率直接求取法的适用条件,并用数学方法证明了该适用条件.针对极值点附近瞬时频率的畸变情况引进平滑处理改进了瞬时频率求取法.应用局域均值分解(LMD)和经验模态分解(EMD)求取仿真信号和汽轮机转子振动信号的瞬时频率.结果表明,由LMD方法求取信号瞬时频率时,不会出现难以解释物理意义的负频率现象.

旋转机械升降速信号的瞬时频率估计

旋转机械的升降速过程是一种非平稳过程,对其测试信号进行分析需要用时频分析方法,如短时傅里叶交换(STFT)及小波变换等方法。对于多分量信号,峰值搜索法经常被用来获取旋转机械在升降速过程中瞬时频率随时间变化的规律。但是,由于噪声和信号中邻近成分间的干扰,直接寻找的结果不能保证其精度和准确性。采用隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden markov models,HMM)进行去噪处理,极大地降低了噪声和干扰对峰值搜索结果的影响,明显提高了结果的精度。仿真试验表明该方法可以取得好的结果。

几种局域波分解方法的比较研究

基于Hilbert变换的局域波法 ,能得到信号有意义的瞬时频率。它的分解基是随动态信号波形的变化而变化 ,具有自调节自适应的特征 ,因此能在时频域内描述非平稳非线性信号的局部特性。提出的局域中值定理分解方法 ,能正确求出并分离包含在信号中的局域中值 ,从而得到更标准的信号基本模式分量。通过与其它几种局域波信号分解方法的比较 。

基于瞬时频率的窗宽递增寻优的短时傅里叶变换

讨论了窗函数在时频分析中的作用,分析了S变换的缺陷,指出了依据分析频率调整窗宽和使用窄窗均严重影响时频分析效果.以短时傅里叶变换为基础,提出了一种窗宽根据信号自身时变特征进行自主调节的时频分析方法,该方法以瞬时频率的变化作为判断信号频谱结构发生变化的依据,通过在瞬时频率变化之前逐次递增窗宽,使窗函数能够覆盖信号中的局部平稳区域的大部甚至全部,从而可对信号中的各局部平稳段得到最佳的时频分辨率.通过对线调频信号、时变信号和含噪声信号的分析和比较可知,本方法可准确描述信号的时间分布特征,并可同时获得最佳的频率分辨率,且对噪声不敏感,具有一定的先进性和实用性.

基于同步挤压小波变换的结构瞬时频率识别

对结构响应信号采用连续可逆的时频变换工具-同步挤压小波变换,能提高时频曲线频率精度,有效地识别出结构的瞬时频率。用Duffing弱非线性系统及两层剪切型建筑模型验证该方法的正确性。设计时变拉索试验,分别对索施加线性与正弦变化拉力,测出结构的加速度响应,用同步挤压复Morlet小波变换算法进行索的瞬时频率识别。数值模拟及试验表明,同步挤压小波变换能有效识别时变结构及非线性结构的瞬时频率,该方法具有较好的稳定性。