The Fundamental Definitions in Radar Measurement Principle and Theory of Space and Time

Fundamental definitions of distance and velocity in radar measurement principle are examined and revised from strict theoretical point of view. Synchronization scheme - for clocks in uniform, translatory relative motion is introduced as theoretical foundation for GPS and GLONASS type navigation and positioning technology. Traditional definitions of two-way radar measurement, based on arithmetic mean vlaue concept, turn out to be special cases of revised definitions for one-way radar measurement, based on geometric mean concept, derived from synchronization of moving clocks in accordance with the principle of relativity. The essential physical meaning of Lorentz transformation is interpreted in terms of radar measured parameters. Invariance or absoluteness of four dimensional interval turns out to be invariance or absoluteness of geometric mean time interval. The Lorentz factor turns out to be ratio of geometric mean and arithmetic mean time intervals in terms of radar measured parameters. Theoretical results are illustrated transparently by numerical examples. A crucial experiment for direct testing of the second postulate of special relativity by means of GPS of GLONASS type technology is proposed in this paper.

Zeno and the Wrong Understanding of Motion—A Philosophical-Mathematical Inquiry into the Concept of Finitude as a Peculiarity of Infinity

In contrast to the solutions of applied mathematics to Zeno’s paradoxes, I focus on the concept of motion and show that, by distinguishing two different forms of motion, Zeno’s apparent paradoxes are not paradoxical at all. Zeno’s paradoxes indirectly prove that distances are not composed of extensionless points and, in general, that a higher dimension cannot be completely composed of lower ones. Conversely, lower dimensions can be understood as special cases of higher dimensions. To illustrate this approach, I consider Cantor’s only apparent proof that the real numbers are uncountable. However, his widely accepted indirect proof has the disadvantage that it depends on whether there is another way to make the real numbers countable. Cantor rightly assumes that there can be no smallest number between 0 and 1, and therefore no beginning of counting. For this reason he arbitrarily lists the real numbers in order to show with his diagonal method that this list can never be complete. The situation is different if we start with the largest number between 0 and 1 (0.999…) and use the method of an inverted triangle, which can be understood as a special fractal form. Here we can construct a vertical and a horizontal stratification with which it is actually possible to construct all real numbers between 0 and 1 without exception. Each column is infinite, and each number in that column is the starting point of a new triangle, while each row is finite. Even in a simple sine curve, we experience finiteness with respect to the y-axis and infinity with respect to the x-axis. The first parts of this article show that Zeno’s assumptions contradict the concept of motion as such, so it is not surprising that this misconstruction leads to contradictions. In the last part, I discuss Cantor’s diagonal method and explain the method of an inverted triangle that is internally structured like a fractal by repeating this inverted triangle at each column. The consequence is that we encounter two very different methods of counting. Vertically it is continuous, horizontally it is discrete. While Frege, Tarski, Cantor, Gödel and the Vienna Circle tried to derive the higher dimension from the lower, a procedure that always leads to new contradictions and antinomies (Tarski, Russell), I take the opposite approach here, in which I derive the lower dimension from the higher. This perspective seems to fail because Tarski, Russell, Wittgenstein, and especially the Vienna Circle have shown that the completeness of the absolute itself is logically contradictory. For this reason, we agree with Hegel in assuming that we can never fully comprehend the Absolute, but only its particular manifestations—otherwise we would be putting ourselves in the place of the Absolute, or even God. Nevertheless, we can understand the Absolute in its particular expressions, as I will show with the modest example of the triangle proof of the combined horizontal and vertical countability of the real numbers, which I developed in rejection of Cantor’s diagonal proof. .

Distribution of Random Session Key Based on Key-Insulated Public-Key Cryptosystems

Based on the characteristic of key-insulated public-key cryptosystem, wepropose a distributed landora session keys distribution protocol without a key distribution center.The session key is generated by different user and only used one time. So thekey is one-time key. Inaddition, the user who generates the next one-time key, is random selected by the current sessionkey. In the protocol of this paper, the characteristic of time in the key-insulated public-key, adistributed protocol, translates into the characteristic of spaee which every point has differentsecret key in the different period. At the same time, the system is fit for key management in AdHoe, and is a new scheme of key management in Ad Hoc.

Quantum Theory of Mesoscopic Fractional Electric Fields in a Cavity of Viscous Medium

With conjecture of fractional charge quantization (quantum dipole/multiple moments), Fourier transform stretching, twisting and twigging of an electron quanta and waver strings of electron quanta, the mathematical expressions for mesoscopic fractional electron fields in a cavity of viscous medium and the associated quantum dielectric susceptibility are developed. Agreement of this approach is experimentally evidenced on barite and Fanja site molecular sieves. These findings are in conformity with experimental results of 2012 Physics Nobel prize winning scientists, Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland especially for cavity quantum electro-dynamics electron and its associated mesoscopic electric fields. The mover electron quanta strings lead to warping of space and time following the behaviour of quantum electron dynamics.

Considerations on the Unification of Quantum Physics with the General Theory of Relativity

From a holistic perspective of a physical space of any given size1, it is invariably necessary to consider its energy content, since no physical means exists of making a physical space completely devoid of energy. Such a space would therefore only be a fictive “geometric space”—that can be intellectually conceived and treated according to the rules of the appropriate geometry—although not existing in reality in the cosmos. Cosmic space always contains energy in one form or another, limited by the space under consideration. Therefore, each space possesses an energy density—no matter how low, which never becomes zero. Because of the mass-energy equivalence relationship , cosmic space also possesses a mass equivalent and is therefore “materialistic” in nature. If this is considered in association with Einstein’s space-time, what is obtained instead is an “energy-time”, i.e. an energy effect, which is based on Planck’s action quantum h. Under this condition, a close relationship would appear to exist between the General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Physics. Furthermore, it will be shown that the physical conditions of space are such that a natural quantisation of space and time exists, thus obviating the need for any artificial or arbitrary quantisation.

A Dark Energy Hypothesis II

The article develops a cosmological model based on a hypothesis that dark energy is a cosmological variable rather than a constant. A companion paper (DEH I) derives a formula for this variable cosmological parameter as well as an argument that the early universe produces it and dark matter. The developed model leads to a series of self-consistent results including a prediction that provides a test for it. The results include comparisons of the DEH and the ΛCDM theory.