Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii or Tg),is an obligatory intracellular parasite with humans as its intermediate hosts.In recent years,significant correlations between T.gondii infection and schizophrenia have been reported,...Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii or Tg),is an obligatory intracellular parasite with humans as its intermediate hosts.In recent years,significant correlations between T.gondii infection and schizophrenia have been reported,including the possible mediating mechanisms.Currently,mechanisms and hypotheses focus on central neurotransmitters,immunity,neuroinflammation,and epigenetics;however,the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this article,we review the studies related to T.gondii infection and schizophrenia,particularly the latest research progress.Research on dopamine(DA)and other neurotransmitters,the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory factors,disease heterogeneity,and other confounders is also discussed.In addition,we also summarized the results of some new epidemiological investigations.展开更多
Human toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infection is generally asymptomatic for most of the immunocompetent adults, severe complications may occur pa...Human toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infection is generally asymptomatic for most of the immunocompetent adults, severe complications may occur particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individual. Host cell immunity plays a critical role in parasite differentiation and persistence in the host. Therefore, genetic polymorphism in the host immune genes, for instance interferon-γ gene could be linked with possibility of T. gondii infection. The objective of the study was to verify the link between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFN-γ gene of pregnant women and T. gondii infection through correlating with anthropometric and sociodemographic parameters. In this study, ninety-two (N = 92) pregnant women (16 - 40 years) and healthy controls (N = 95) with similar age ranges were included. Among them, 25% (n = 23) pregnant women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies by Rapid Test Assay. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) SNPs were evaluated by using ARMS-PCR. The distribution of the A and T alleles in the specific position of the IFN-γ gene in the T. gondii-infected pregnant women and the control groups did not differ significantly, according to the data. However, we found a higher frequency (13.04%) of A/A genotype in T. gondii infected pregnant women as compared to non-infected individuals (8.70%), demonstrating that T. gondii infection susceptibility may be increased by homozygosity for the A allele. Further studies are to be needed to find out the link between host gene polymorphism and T. gondii infection in Bangladesh.展开更多
目的了解我国家猫弓形虫感染状况和空间分布特征,以期为刚地弓形虫的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法本研究基于PubMed、中国知网CNKI、万方数据库及百度学术数据库选择性文献调查检索,检索截至2023年12月31日发表的关于中国地区家猫弓形...目的了解我国家猫弓形虫感染状况和空间分布特征,以期为刚地弓形虫的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法本研究基于PubMed、中国知网CNKI、万方数据库及百度学术数据库选择性文献调查检索,检索截至2023年12月31日发表的关于中国地区家猫弓形虫血清流行率的调查研究。应用地理信息系统(Geographical information systems,GIS)对中国地区家猫弓形虫感染状况进行空间定位与表达。采用SPSS 26.0软件统计分析。结果本研究共纳入1984年至2023年间发表的86项符合条件的研究,涵盖28个省级行政区,涉及20722只猫。ArcGIS分级统计结果显示,我国家猫弓形虫血清抗体总阳性率为14.78%(3080/20836,95%CI:14.07%~15.03%)。西藏自治区、天津市、海南省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省至今尚未见猫弓形虫流行病学调查研究。猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率最高的地区是山西省(60%,54/90,95%CI:49.82%~70.18%),其次是河北省(57.33%,43/75,95%CI:46.07%~68.59%)、河南省(45.53%,173/380,95%CI:40.52%~50.54%)和云南省(43.64%,24/55,95%CI:30.49%~56.79%),而弓形虫血清抗体阳性率最低的地区是江西省(2.47%,2/81,95%CI:-0.90%~5.90%)。我国北方地区的猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率为14.12%(2044/14481,95%CI:12.34%~15.90%),而南方地区的阳性率为16.30%(1036/6355,95%CI:15.40%~17.20%),两者间有统计学差异(χ^(2)=16.60,P<0.05)。此外,时间分布结果显示,1984-2023年我国猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率总体呈下降趋势。结论弓形虫在我国家猫中广泛传播,流行周期稳定且不同地区之间差异很大。由于宠物猫在我国日益流行,以及这些猫与人类之间的亲密关系可能会带来重大的暴露风险。因此,养猫与人类弓形虫感染之间的联系,以及如何减少人类通过猫接触弓形虫和猫弓形虫卵囊污染环境,需要进一步研究。展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China[grant nos.82072306 and 32370197 to XW]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[no.2022YFC2304000].
文摘Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii or Tg),is an obligatory intracellular parasite with humans as its intermediate hosts.In recent years,significant correlations between T.gondii infection and schizophrenia have been reported,including the possible mediating mechanisms.Currently,mechanisms and hypotheses focus on central neurotransmitters,immunity,neuroinflammation,and epigenetics;however,the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this article,we review the studies related to T.gondii infection and schizophrenia,particularly the latest research progress.Research on dopamine(DA)and other neurotransmitters,the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory factors,disease heterogeneity,and other confounders is also discussed.In addition,we also summarized the results of some new epidemiological investigations.
文摘Human toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infection is generally asymptomatic for most of the immunocompetent adults, severe complications may occur particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individual. Host cell immunity plays a critical role in parasite differentiation and persistence in the host. Therefore, genetic polymorphism in the host immune genes, for instance interferon-γ gene could be linked with possibility of T. gondii infection. The objective of the study was to verify the link between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFN-γ gene of pregnant women and T. gondii infection through correlating with anthropometric and sociodemographic parameters. In this study, ninety-two (N = 92) pregnant women (16 - 40 years) and healthy controls (N = 95) with similar age ranges were included. Among them, 25% (n = 23) pregnant women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies by Rapid Test Assay. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) SNPs were evaluated by using ARMS-PCR. The distribution of the A and T alleles in the specific position of the IFN-γ gene in the T. gondii-infected pregnant women and the control groups did not differ significantly, according to the data. However, we found a higher frequency (13.04%) of A/A genotype in T. gondii infected pregnant women as compared to non-infected individuals (8.70%), demonstrating that T. gondii infection susceptibility may be increased by homozygosity for the A allele. Further studies are to be needed to find out the link between host gene polymorphism and T. gondii infection in Bangladesh.
文摘目的了解我国家猫弓形虫感染状况和空间分布特征,以期为刚地弓形虫的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法本研究基于PubMed、中国知网CNKI、万方数据库及百度学术数据库选择性文献调查检索,检索截至2023年12月31日发表的关于中国地区家猫弓形虫血清流行率的调查研究。应用地理信息系统(Geographical information systems,GIS)对中国地区家猫弓形虫感染状况进行空间定位与表达。采用SPSS 26.0软件统计分析。结果本研究共纳入1984年至2023年间发表的86项符合条件的研究,涵盖28个省级行政区,涉及20722只猫。ArcGIS分级统计结果显示,我国家猫弓形虫血清抗体总阳性率为14.78%(3080/20836,95%CI:14.07%~15.03%)。西藏自治区、天津市、海南省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省至今尚未见猫弓形虫流行病学调查研究。猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率最高的地区是山西省(60%,54/90,95%CI:49.82%~70.18%),其次是河北省(57.33%,43/75,95%CI:46.07%~68.59%)、河南省(45.53%,173/380,95%CI:40.52%~50.54%)和云南省(43.64%,24/55,95%CI:30.49%~56.79%),而弓形虫血清抗体阳性率最低的地区是江西省(2.47%,2/81,95%CI:-0.90%~5.90%)。我国北方地区的猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率为14.12%(2044/14481,95%CI:12.34%~15.90%),而南方地区的阳性率为16.30%(1036/6355,95%CI:15.40%~17.20%),两者间有统计学差异(χ^(2)=16.60,P<0.05)。此外,时间分布结果显示,1984-2023年我国猫弓形虫血清抗体阳性率总体呈下降趋势。结论弓形虫在我国家猫中广泛传播,流行周期稳定且不同地区之间差异很大。由于宠物猫在我国日益流行,以及这些猫与人类之间的亲密关系可能会带来重大的暴露风险。因此,养猫与人类弓形虫感染之间的联系,以及如何减少人类通过猫接触弓形虫和猫弓形虫卵囊污染环境,需要进一步研究。
