Effects of Tillage Depth on Nutrients and Microbial Communities in Tobacco-Planting Soil

The implementation of appropriate tillage practices is of great significance for agricultural production. However, the effects of different tillage depths on soil nutrients content and microbial communities in tobacco-planting soils are still lacking systematic research. In this study, three different tillage depths of 15 cm (T1), 20 cm (T2), and 30 cm (T3) were set up for field experiments in Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, to explore the effects of tillage depth on tobacco-planting soil nutrients and bacterial and fungal communities based on 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing and figure out the key factors affecting soil microbial communities. The results showed that T2 and T3 increased the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium in tobacco-planting soil, and increased the diversity of bacterial communities compared with T1. There was no significant difference in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in different tillage depth treatments, but some dominant genera were significantly enriched in T2 and T3. Desulfobacter, Setophoma, Humicola, and Acremonium were significantly enriched in T2. Chthonomonas and Fusarium were significantly enriched in T3. These genera favor the decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients, and control soil pests and diseases. Redundancy analysis indicated that TP and AK were the key factors influencing the dominant genera of bacteria and fungi. This study provides a scientific basis for the selection of soil tillage depth for tobacco production in this region.

Study on soil water characteristics of tobacco fields based on canonical correlation analysis

In order to identify the principal factors influencing soil water characteristics （SWC） and evaluate SWC effectively, the multivariate-statistical canonical correlation analysis （CCA） method was used to study and analyze the correlation between SWC and soil physical and chemical properties. Twenty-two soil samples were taken from 11 main tobacco-growing areas in Guizhou Province in China and the soil water characteristic curves （SWCC） and basic physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were determined. The results show that： （1） The soil bulk density, soil total porosity and soil capillary porosity have significant effects on SWC of tobacco fiels. Bulk density and total porosity are positively correlated with soil water retention characteristics （SWRC）, and soil capillary porosity is positively correlated with soil water supply characteristics （SWSC）. （2） Soil samples from different soil layers at the same soil sampling point show similarity or consistency in SWC. Inadequate soil water supply capability and imbalance between SWRC and SWSC are problems of tobacco soil. （3） The SWC of loamy clay are generally superior to those of silty clay loam.

Evaluation and Analysis of Nutrients in Tobacco-Planting Soil in Fuzhou City

[Objective] The aim was to explore the nutrient status of tobacco-planting soil, and find out the fertilization strategy for flue-cured tobacco. [Method] The nutrient contents in 142 soil samples from 7 tobacco planting counties in Fu Zhou city were determined and evaluated. [Result] The organic matter content was on the high side, and most soil was acid soil. The soil had abundant total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, moderate available nitrogen and available phosphorus, low available potassium, high water soluble chlorine, low soil cation exchange capacity and rich effective zinc, but effective boron was famine. [Conclusion] The meta-acid soil should be conducted with pH adjustment, and rational nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application.

Analysis on the Main Nutrient State of Tobacco Planting Soil in Fuquan City

[Objective] The research aimed to provide the reference for the precise formula and balanced fertilization of tobacco production in Fuquan City, Guizhou Province. [Method] 180 soil samples were gathered from Fuquan City by Global Position System （GPS） fixed position. The main nutrient contents and pH value were analyzed. [Result] The average contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium in tobacco planting soil were 26.8 g/kg, 134.1 mg/kg, 35.9 mg/kg, and 222.1 mg/kg respectively, and the coefficient of vari- ation were 25.8%, 21.4%, 72.1%, and 55.3% respectively. The pH value of tobacco planting soil was 6.2, and the pH value coefficient of variation was 15.3%. [Conclu. sien] The organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassi- um contents were abundant in the mass, but there were big difference among dif- ferent towns. The precise fertility types and precise fertility dosage should be deter- mined according to the main nutdent state and pH value of tobacco planting soil in Fuquan city.

Relationship Between pH Value and Physical and Chemical Properties of Tobacco-growing Soil

[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the relationship between soil pH and soil physical and chemical properties during tobacco planting.[Methods]Through a field experiment,the pH value of tobacco-growing soil,the contents of mineral nutrients(ammonium nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus),soil bulk density and porosity were investigated.[Results]The pH value of the soil after tobacco planting increased,and the contents of ammonium nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available potassium were closely related to the change of pH value.The bulk density of the tobacco-planting soil decreased and the porosity increased.Planting flue-cured tobacco had certain impacts on soil pH,soil bulk density and other physical and chemical properties.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the investigation of the fertilization laws in the process of tobacco planting and the selection of subsequent crops.

Effect of Soil Conditioner on the Microbial Community in the Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco

The effects of biochar as a soil conditioner on microbial communities were studied. The results showed that, at all the growth stages of tobacco, the quantity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil added with the soil conditioner was higher than control （CK）. The results of metagenome detection indicated that the diversity of microbial communities in soil added with the soil conditioner was also higher than the CK, and the rate of tobacco bacterial wilt and the disease index decreased by 27.6% and 34.6%, respectively, compared with the CK. In conclusion, the soil con- ditioner could reduce the soil-borne disease by improving micro-ecological environ- ment and diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil to maintain the soil balance.

Trace Elements Loss Characteristics in Runoff Discharge from Tobacco-Growing Red Soil in Sichuan Province of China

Trace elements are found in small concentrations in soil, yet plants require them for physiological functions. The runoff process leads to soil fertility loss by shifting soil particles and elements, and deposits them to a different position. However, there is a lack of information about the amount of trace elements that flow in tobacco-growing red soil during the natural rainy seasons due to runoff. In this study, runoff discharge was collected from two different soil mulching conditions (straw and no straw) at 15?, in Miyi county of Sichuan province, to evaluate the characteristics of trace elements in runoff discharge. The runoff discharge was filtered to separate water (runoff) from sediment. The concentrations of the elements were analyzed in samples obtained from 9 erosive rainfall events, with 3 replications for every sample. The considered trace elements were Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Molybdenum (Mo). In addition, the total amount of each element loss per unit area (total loss) was also calculated statistically. The results revealed different concentrations and total losses for the selected trace elements. The total loss in runoff ranged from 10.82 to 194.05 mg/ha, 0.62 to 18.91 mg/ha, and 0.32 to 2.37 mg/ha for Zn, Cu, and Mo, respectively. The total loss in sediment ranged from 54.65 to 12036.34 mg/ha, 44.74 to 5285.30 mg/ha, and 1.78 to 399.82 mg/ha for Zn, Cu, and Mo, respectively. Rainfall intensity, runoff depth, and sediment yield showed distinct positive correlations with the trace elements losses. The loss reduced with the addition of straw in the experimental area. Since each trace element showed distinct characteristics in the runoff and sediment, it is crucial to assess the loss of trace elements in runoff discharge from different agronomic practices. In turn, various sustainable practices of preventing soil fertility loss will be identified.

Changes in Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content in Different Years of Continuous Cropping Tobacco Fields

In order to find out changes in the main fertility indicators of continuous cropping tobacco fields in Henan Province with years of continuous cropping,5 typical tobacco fields( Jia County,Shaoling District,Fangcheng County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County) were studied. Indicators in question included activity of main enzymes( sucrase,urease,catalase,and acid phosphatase),p H value,organic matters,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium. The results indicate that in most tobacco fields,the activity of sucrase and urease increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping; in some fields,it directly declined with increase in years of continuous cropping; the activity of catalase increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it became stable after three years of continuous cropping;generally,the activity of acid phosphatase declined with increase in the years of continuous cropping within 3 years continuous cropping,later,it became stable. Except Fangcheng County,the soil p H value of other districts( counties) generally declined with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it was in the range of 5. 6-6. 8. With the increase in continuous cropping,the soil organic matters( SOM) in tobacco fields of Jia County and Song County declined,changes of SOM in tobacco fields of Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County were not obvious,and SOM showed the trend of first decline then rise in Shaoling District. In most tobacco fields( Jia County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County),the total nitrogen showed a declining trend; in Shaoling District,it showed a trend of first decline then rise; in Fangcheng County,it showed a rising trend. The available phosphorus firstly slightly declined then rose in tobacco fields of Shaoling District and Song County; it showed a trend of first rise then decline in Jia County; there were no obvious changes in Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County. Changes in the available potassium were different in tobacco fields. In sum,there are certain rules for changes in soil enzyme activity and nutrient content in tobacco fields in Henan Province,but changes are not completely the same. It is concluded that the site conditions and farming activities exert a certain influence on soil enzyme activity,p H value,organic matters,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content. Therefore,to solve obstacles in continuous cropping of tobacco fields,different regions should take different measures.

Changes of Soil nutrients and Tobacco Quality in Linli County and Some Suggestions on Fertilization

In order to find out the main nutrient content of tobacco planting soil and the changing characteristics of tobacco quality in Linli County,the sampling survey data of tobacco planting soil samples in Linli in 2000 and 2015,and the main chemical components,appearances and sensory qualities and physical indexes of B2F and C3F tobacco leaves from 2000 to 2015 were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that:the available phosphorus increased by 6.10%per year and the pH value of tobacco planting soil increased in a small range year by year,the organic matter content decreased year by year,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen showed a downward trend,and the water-soluble chlorine showed a rapid downward trend;the soil fertility index(SFI)was at the"high"level;in 2000—2015,the quality of tobacco leaf was relatively stable and the quality was good.In Linli tobacco planting area,the application of nitrogen control,phosphorus reduction and chlorine supplement and increase of organic matter could help us achieve the goal of high quality and efficiency of tobacco production.

Effects of N Application Rates and NO_3-N to NH_4-N Ratios on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Planted in Black Soil

A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a black soil was conducted from 2004 to 2005 in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen application rates at 45 kg·hm^-2 with the ratio of 75% NO3-N to 25% NH4-N resulted in the highest potassium and reducing sugar contents in the flue-cured tobacco leaving with the highest quality grade and value. It is recommended that this ni- trogen application rate and NO3-N to NH4-N ratio should be widely applied on flue-cured tobacco grown in the black soil in Heilongjiang Province.

Soil Fertility Comparison between Rotations of Tobacco-Rice (TR) and Rape-Rice (RR)

Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (IFI) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and IFI were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m2 respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m2 respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and IFI were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.

基于高通量测序的昭通核心烟区植烟土壤真菌多样性分析

本研究利用高通量测序技术,从分子水平探究昭通8个种烟县(区)新烟区、土传病害发病严重的连作区以及典型的轮作区的土壤真菌多样性。结果表明:从群落组成来看,昭通核心烟区土壤真菌群落包括30个门、79个纲、202个目、443个科和976个属,其中子囊菌门为昭通核心烟区土壤真菌群落的绝对优势门,被孢霉属和青霉菌属为昭通核心烟区土壤真菌群落的优势属。群落指示物种分析表明,新烟区土壤真菌群落壳二胞菌属的相对丰度显著高于连作区和轮作区,连作区拟青霉菌属、假裸囊菌属和篮状菌属的相对丰度显著高于新烟区和轮作区烟,轮作区镶刀菌属的相对丰度显著高于新烟区、被孢霉属的相对丰度显著高于连作区。从生物多样性特征来看,新烟区土壤真菌群落的生物多样性最高,物种丰富度显著高于连作区和轮作区;轮作区土壤真菌群落的物种丰富度显著高于连作区,物种均匀度显著低于连作区,真菌群落生物多样性略高于连作区。从真菌群落的功能来看,病理营养型、腐生营养型和腐生—共生营养型的真菌群落为主要组成,新烟区真菌群落占比前1至前3的营养型分别为腐生—共生营养型、腐生营养型和病理营养型,连作区分别为腐生营养型、病理营养型和腐生—共生营养型,轮作区分别为腐生—共生营养型、病理—腐生—共生营养型和腐生营养型。昭通植烟土壤真菌群落组成丰富,新烟区土壤真菌群落的生物多样性最高,物种丰富度显著高于连作区和轮作区,不同类型土壤的真菌群落结构组成差异不显著,轮作有利于降低病理营养型的真菌群落,能减少真菌性病害发生的几率。

重庆市丰都县植烟土壤肥力综合评价

土壤是烟草健康生长的基础,对丰都植烟区的土壤肥力进行检测和评价,为丰都植烟区科学施肥和土壤改良提供理论依据。采用模糊数学法和主成分分析法对丰都主要植烟区太平坝乡的土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量进行综合评价。重庆丰都植烟土壤的碱解氮含量较为适宜,有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量极为丰富,适宜烟草生长。相比2020年,2021年土壤酸化程度得到改善,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有所提高。适宜烟草生长的土壤pH值和碱解氮含量的土壤所占比例分别增加至53.66%和78.05%,有机质含量较高的土壤比例增加到80.49%,土壤速效磷和速效钾含量均较高。土壤肥力综合评价显示丰都植烟土壤肥力状况较好,无Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级。其中,2021年土壤肥力综合评价为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,且Ⅰ级土壤肥力区域占比从2020年的74.29%上升至2021年的84.80%。重庆市丰都县植烟土壤适宜烟草生长,土壤养分含量较高,但部分地块酸化。在实际生产中需要注意合理施用有机肥,提高肥料的利用率,因地制宜调节土壤pH值。

有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力及烟草品质的影响

采用田间试验并选择典型高肥力、低肥力烟田土壤,设置茶籽粕+无机肥(T)、菜籽粕+无机肥(R)和花生粕+无机肥(P)3个处理,研究有机-无机复混肥施用对广西典型烟田土壤肥力和烟草品质的影响。结果表明:有机-无机复混肥施用可提高土壤微生物活性,加速有机物料矿化,促进土壤速效养分积累,改善土壤结构,尤其在低肥力水平下花生粕的添加表现最为明显;能促进总糖、钾、氯等元素在烟草中的积累,但有机物料添加对烟草品质的影响明显低于初始肥力烟田土壤。高肥力土壤有助于烟草中钾、氯等元素积累,但总糖、还原糖、糖碱比均显著低于低肥力烟田土壤。针对烟草工业需求,在实际生产中应重点关注中、低产田土壤,结合肥料调控开展优质烟叶原料生产。

Analysis of Meteorological Epidemic Factors and Soil Improvement Controlling Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacarum)

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gacligongshan demonstration area of green, ecological, high quality tobac- co leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data, and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The pH values were increased by 0.57, 0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime. The aver- age control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60.74% -62. 18%, 53.05% -59.53%, and 48.59% -58.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controUing. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain preven- tion and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival, which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.

湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮分布特征及其影响因素

为明确湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮含量、空间分布和影响因素,检测了2698个耕层土壤样本的碱解氮含量,分析了其空间分布特征及丰缺状况,探讨了其与种植制度、耕层厚度、海拔和土壤pH、有机质、颗粒组成之间的关系。土壤碱解氮变幅为57.10~447.40 mg/kg,平均为183.78 mg/kg,碱解氮适宜(110~180 mg/kg)的样本占比为46.55%;安仁县、桂阳县和临武县等10个县(区)土壤碱解氮平均值较高,其他16县(区)都在适宜范围;土壤碱解氮空间分布有从东南向西北递减的分布趋势;烟-玉米轮作的土壤碱解氮相对较低;土壤碱解氮随耕层深度、土壤pH、有机质增加而增加,与海拔呈抛物线关系(峰值在海拔150~250 m区间),随土壤粉砂占比增加而升高,随粗砂占比增加而降低。湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮含量空间分布不均匀,且受多种因素影响,要因地制宜分区制定氮肥施用策略。

生物刺激素对烤烟根际微生态及烟叶品质的影响

【目的】探究生物刺激素在烤烟栽培上的应用效果,为植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质改善提供新的思路。【方法】采用大田试验,以常规施肥为对照(CK),在CK基础上设施用海藻酸(BS1)、古生物源生物刺激素(BS2)和矿源黄腐酸(BS3)3个生物刺激素处理,于烤烟盛花期取烟株根围土壤测定土壤理化性质(pH、阳离子交换量及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量)、酶(蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶)活性及微生物群落多样性;于烤烟成熟时调查农艺性状(株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大腰叶长、最大腰叶宽、顶叶长、顶叶宽、叶面积),并对上部叶(倒数第5~6片烟叶)进行标识,调制后进行化学成分(总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾、氯、淀粉含量,糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比)测算,分析3种生物刺激素对植烟土壤微生态环境及烟叶品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,BS1和BS3处理不同程度提高了植烟土壤氮、磷、钾速效养分含量及阳离子交换量,极显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性;明显提高土壤优势菌门奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)和根肿黑粉菌门(Entorrhizomycota)的相对丰度,以及优势菌属根肿黑粉菌属(Entorrhiza)的相对丰度,而降低子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度;BS3处理土壤细菌、真菌群落的丰富度和多样性及其功能代谢途径丰度均高于CK、BS1和BS2处理;施用生物刺激素可促进烤烟生长发育和烟叶开片,其中BS3处理有利于提高烟叶化学成分适宜性和协调性。【结论】矿源黄腐酸处理改良土壤、促进烤烟生长及提升烟叶品质的综合效应较优,是适合烤烟施用的生物刺激素。

基于EDEM烟草营养土参数标定

为获得准确的烟草营养土离散元参数,采用仿真试验和台架试验相结合的方法,开展烟草营养土离散元仿真参数标定。以烟草营养土休止角为响应指标,采用Hertz-Mindli(no slip)离散元接触模型,设计Plackett-Burman试验,对烟草营养土离散元参数进行因素筛选,对烟草营养土休止角有显著性影响的因素分别为营养土间静摩擦系数、营养土间滚动摩擦系数和营养土—玻璃静摩擦系数;进行三因素三水平的Box-Behnken试验,获得各因素与烟草营养土休止角之间的回归方程。烟草营养土离散元模型参数标定结果为:静摩擦系数0.67、滚动摩擦系数0.35、营养土—玻璃静摩擦系数0.35。在标定所得的离散元模型下,仿真试验所得休止角与台架试验所得休止角值相对误差为2.59%。

施用生物炭对烟叶品质和土壤及其细菌群落结构的影响

【目的】研究施用生物炭对烟叶品质、土壤养分和土壤细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】以云烟87为试验材料,大田随机区组试验,设置4个处理(SWT1:常规施肥;SWT2:常规施肥+生物炭1500 kg/hm^(2);SWT3:常规施肥+生物炭2250 kg/hm^(2);SWT4:常规施肥+生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)),测定各处理烤后烟叶化学成分和感官质量,分析成熟期植烟土壤养分和烤烟根际土壤细菌群落结构。【结果】施用生物炭对植烟土壤养分和烤后烟叶化学成分无显著影响;相比SWT1处理,施用生物炭各处理烤后烟叶感官质量显著提高,其中SWT3处理的香气质、香气量、浓度、劲头、杂气、使用价值和总得分分别提高13.85%、6.56%、10.87%、8.70%、4.62%、12.31%和6.25%,表现最优;相比SWT1处理,随着生物炭施用量的上升,烟株根际土壤细菌丰富度(Chao1指数)、多样性(Shannon指数)、总ASV数(扩增子序列变异体,Amplicon sequence variants)和独有ASV数呈下降趋势,与SWT1处理的微生物群落结构组成差异随生物炭施用量的提高而增加;变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门等为各处理的优势菌门,门分类水平下,不同处理的群落结构无显著差异;施用生物炭提高f__Rhizobiaceae、g__Allorhizobium、g__Neorhizobium、g__Pararhizobium、g__Rhizobium等固氮菌以及f__uncultured_Actinobacterium、f__Burkholderiaceae、f__Pseudomonadaceae、o__Pseudomonadale、g__Pseudomonas、g__Sphingopyxis、g__Dyella、g__Massilia等促生菌的相对丰度,降低s__unclassified_Anaerolineaceae、g__unclassified_Caulobacteraceae等反硝化细菌的相对丰度;ASV分类水平下,AN(碱解氮)含量是影响土壤细菌群落结构变化的最主要土壤因子。【结论】施用生物炭提高烤后烟叶感官质量,其中2250 kg/hm^(2)处理表现最优;施用生物炭降低根际土壤细菌α-多样性,提高根际土壤固氮菌、促生菌、反硝化细菌等有益菌相对丰度,有利于增加土壤养分,促进植物生长。

南涧县烟区土壤肥力状况综合评价

为了全面分析南涧县植烟土壤肥力状况,以7个乡镇469个代表性植烟土壤的理化指标为基础数据,通过主成分分析法,计算了各个土壤养分指标的权重,并估算出土壤肥力综合指标值(IFI),对南涧县植烟土壤的肥力状况进行了全面评价。结果表明,全县土壤样本IFI加权平均值为0.70,达到Ⅱ级,土壤肥力总体水平较高,但不同乡镇间土壤肥力差异较大;南涧县烟区有机质、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙镁、有效硫、有效锌、有效锰较为丰富,适宜烤烟的种植,而有效钼含量普遍偏低,可能是影响南涧县整体烟叶质量的限制因子,需要当地烟草技术人员重视钼肥的科学施用;南涧县7个乡镇间小湾东镇综合土壤肥力最高,最适宜烤烟种植,其次是拥翠乡、宝华镇、无量山镇、碧溪乡、乐秋乡,均是Ⅱ级,南涧镇肥力最低,IFI值仅为0.56,为Ⅲ级。总之,南涧县整体适宜烤烟种植,但各乡镇肥力差异较大,在烤烟生产过程中需因地制宜,科学施肥,科学管理,稳步提高土壤质量,从而推动烟草品质的提升和烟草产业的可持续发展。