Toldt’s间隙的CT影像解剖学观察及临床意义

目的术前通过CT影像识别Toldt’s间隙，为腹腔镜结直肠癌手术寻找正确的外科平面，从而制订具有前瞻眭的个性化术式。方法通过对南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院2010年1月-2012年6月246例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者的术前CT影像及术中镜下所见对照观察，确认Toldt’s间隙的位置、沟通和毗邻关系。结果术前CT影像观察到：升降结肠系膜后叶与。肾前筋膜融合成的线影即为Toldt’s线。结直肠癌术前cT所显示的Toldt’s筋膜间隙与术中所见具有较好的一致性（Kappa值为0．718）。腹腔镜结直肠癌手术时沿此线切开，以肾前筋膜为参照面，即可建立正确的外科平面。结论①术前CT影像可指导术中构建正确的Toldt’s间隙外科平面，保持肾前筋膜的完整性；②CT可提示肿瘤是否侵犯Toldt’s间隙平面，对于制订个性化术式和预后评估具有前瞻性意义。

三基色测量法在S-GAP推进剂火焰温度分布中的应用(英文)

介绍了一种测量推进剂火焰温度的新方法,即三基色测量法(PCM)。采用三基色测量法测试了S-GAP推进剂(以HMX为氧化剂)的燃烧火焰温度。结果表明,随着的压强增加,S-GAP火焰区更接近燃烧表面;随着推进剂中HMX的增加,暗区变薄。S-GAP推进剂的火焰温度分布呈等温线形式,1 MPa下火焰温度范围为970～1 600℃,当压强增大为3MPa时,火焰温度范围为1 200～2 200℃。PCM法与热电偶方法测量的最高燃烧火焰温度值较为接近。

Local resonance phononic band gaps in modifiedtwo-dimensional lattice materials

In this paper, modified two-dimensional peri- odic lattice materials with local resonance phononic band gaps are designed and investigated. The design concept is to introduce some auxiliary structures into conventional pe- riodic lattice materials. Elastic wave propagation in this kind of modified two-dimensional lattice materials is studied us- ing a combination of Bloch＇s theorem with finite element method. The calculated frequency band structures of illus- trative modified square lattice materials reveal the existence of frequency band gaps in the low frequency region due to the introduction of the auxiliary structures. The mechanism underlying the occurrence of these frequency band gaps is thoroughly discussed and natural resonances of the auxiliary structures are validated to be the origin. The effect of geo- metric parameters of the auxiliary structures on the width of the local resonance phononic band gaps is explored. Finally, a conceptual broadband vibration-insulating structure based on the modified lattice materials is designed and its capabil- ity is demonstrated. The present work is anticipated to be useful in designing structures which can insulate mechanical vibrations within desired frequency ranges.

Bone Transport in Tibial Gap Non-Union—A Series of 25 Cases

Gap non-union of the tibia is frequently associated with deformity, infection and shortening. Ilizarov’s method of bone transport was used in the management of twenty-five cases of gap non-union of the tibia. The mean bone gap was 6.53 cm (range 4 to 12 cm). Union was achieved in all cases within a mean period of 11.12 months. The mean time taken for union, per centimeter of bone gap was found to be 1.7 months/cm. Pin tract infection was the commonest complication, seen in 9 cases (36%). The other complications encountered were neuropraxia (n = 3) deviation of the transported bone segment (n = 7), buckling of skin at the advancing side of bone (n = 4), traumatic corticotomy (n = 3), incomplete corticotomy (n = 1), equinus deformity (n = 4), knee stiffness (n = 4) and curling of toes (n = 4). The bone healing results were excellent in 92% of cases and good in 8% of cases. The functional results were excellent in 84% of cases, good in 12% and fair in 4% of cases. Thus bone transport by Ilizarov’s method manages the bone loss and the associated conditions with good bone healing and functional results.

Effect of Air Gap under Fabric on Thermal Protective Performance Using an Improved Apparatus

The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entrapped.In this paper,to investigate the effect of air gap width on TPP,a new improved apparatus with two height changeable buttons to hold the thermal sensor was developed to get a series of air gap sizes from 0 mm to 40 mm.The TPP of two types of flame-resistant outer fabrics was measured with TPP test apparatus respectively.Analysis of temperature rise with each air gap width was made to determine the effects of different air gaps on protective performance.It was indicated that air gap size had great effect on TPP of fabrics in the bench top test.An air gap width above 8 mm was suggested for the thermal protective clothing design.

Phenotypic changes of Schwann cells on the proximal stump of injured peripheral nerve during repair using small gap conduit tube

Dedifferentiation of Schwann cells is an important feature of the response to peripheral nerve injury and specific negative myelination reg- ulators are considered to have a major role in this process. However, most experiments have focused on the distal nerve stump, where the Notch signaling pathway is strongly associated with Schwann cell dedifferentiation and repair of the nerve. We observed the phenotypic changes of Schwann cells and changes of active Notch signaling on the proximal stump during peripheral nerve repair using small gap conduit tubulization. Eighty rats, with right sciatic nerve section of 4 mm, were randomly assigned to conduit bridging group and control group （epineurium suture）. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, in myelinating Schwann cells on the proximal stump, began to up-reg- ulate at 1 day after injury and was still evident at 5 days. Compared with the control group, Notchl mRNA was expressed at a higher level in the conduit bridging group during the first week on the proximal stump. Hesl mRNA levels in the conduit bridging group significantly increased compared with the control group at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days post-surgery. The change of the Notch intracellular domain shared a simi- lar trend as Hesl mRNA expression. Our results confirmed that phenotypic changes of Schwann cells occurred in the proximal stump. The differences in these changes between the conduit tubulization and epineurium suture groups correlate with changes in Notch signaling. This suggests that active Notch signaling might be a key mechanism during the early stage of neural regeneration in the proximal nerve stump.

Science Meets Philosophy:Metaphysical Gap&Bilateral Brain

The essay brings a summation of human efforts seeking to understand our existence.Plato and Kant&cognitive science complete reduction of philosophy to a neural mechanism,evolved along elementary Darwinian principles.Plato in his famous Cave Allegory explains that between reality and our experience of it there exists a great chasm,a metaphysical gap,fully confirmed through particle-wave duality of quantum physics.Kant found that we have two kinds of perception,two senses:By the spatial outer sense we perceive phenomena,objects in space.Our temporal inner sense lets us perceive our inner state,noumena.Kant’s two senses are fully confirmed through bilateral brain duality of cognitive science.The bilateral brain serves inner,temporal sense,logic&noumena in the left hemisphere.The right brain half is for the outer,spatial sense,geometry&phenomena.Weform awhole system,a bilateral interior cosmos,a kind of world model,expressing what may lie beyond the metaphysical gap.In the right brain we build a phenomenal cosmos,to resemble the outer environment.In the brain’s left hemisphere a noumenal cosmos,amodel of our private world including Saint Teresa of Avila’s castillo interior.The cosmos is regularly updated with novel sense data integrated into our memory banks.This was recognized early by Helmholtz(1860s).Our lives,health&well-being depend on us keeping our interior cosmos in good order.This used to be seen as saving one’s precious soul from perdition.While we endeavour to keep our phenomenal cosmos neat&orderly by protecting the environment from harm,our noumenal cosmos to be livable requires us to engage in ethical conduct.This bilateral cosmos is responsible for our common sense judgment power,that we depend on for being able to lead a good&benign life.The 200 million neurons of BA10 in the prefrontal lobe have global access to the interior cosmos,&apply massive feedback to identify environmental conditions rapidly.The global access also gives conscious presence of the individual to itself,all that is present in the interior cosmos,for total freedom of action.In the left brain private ego,we are guarded by faith in divine mercy,&guided to choose the best course of action,able to survive under themost adverse conditions.For this,wereceive directions from the Holy Ghost in Saint Teresa’s castillo interior.

The Gaps between Primes

The union of the straight and—of the over a point of reflection—reflected union of the series of the arithmetic progression of primes results the double density of occupation of integer positions by multiples of the primes. The remaining free positions represent diads of equidistant primes to the point of reflection: in case the point of reflection is an even number, they satisfy Goldbach’s conjecture. Further, it allows to prove, that the number of twin primes is unlimited. The number of all greater gaps as two between primes has well defined lower limit functions as well: it is evaluated with the local density of diads, multiplied with the total of the density of no-primes of all positions over the distance between the components of the diads (the size of the gaps). The infinity of these lower limit functions proves the infinity of the number of gaps of any size between primes. The connection of the infinite number of diads to the infinity of the number of gaps of any size is the aim of the paper.

The Technological Gap between China and World Frontiers at the Industrial Level:1985-2009

Using sequential DEA methodology, this paper has measured the variations in the technological gaps of China＇s industrial sectors compared with the world frontiers of technology. From a temporal dimension, variations in the technological gaps of China＇s industrial sectors can be divided into the following four stages： slight abatement of technological gaps between 1985 and 1992, and between 1999 and 2007; stagnation in the variation of technological gaps between 1994 and 1999; and continuous abatement of technological gaps between 2008 and 2009. From the industry dimension, by 2009, 58.8% of China＇s industrial sectors had gradually reached or approached the world frontiers of technology; 29.4% of industrial sectors had experienced technological improvements but still lagged far behind the world frontiers of technology; 11.8% of industrial sectors significantly lagged behind the world frontiers of technology.

Energy Gap in Saturn’s Rings

In this article, we consider, based on the super-diamagnetic model, the new problems of Saturn’s rings discovered by Cassini, such as: 1) anomalous purity of water ice;2) Saturn’s magnetic field alignment with the planet’s rotation axis;3) “ring rain” of the submicron particles;4) the deviation in the qualitative composition of the “rain” from the composition of the rings;5) “dirt” concentrated in the ring gaps;6) “plateaus” in Saturn’s C ring;7) age of the rings;8) roll-off in the spectrum of Saturn’s rings, and 9) “propellers” in Saturn’s A ring. Interpretation of Cassini’s observations of spectral roll-off in Saturn’s rings in the wavelength range from 100 micrometers to 0.5 mm is given. It was concluded that the substance of the rings could be in the superconducting state. An explanation of the Cassini spectral data is given using the hypothesis of the existence of a superconducting energy gap in the substance of rings.

A Model of Grand Unified Theory: Suggested Solution for CP-Violation Using Ideas of Phase Paths

This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.

2023年12月2日芒市M_(S)5.0地震前地震活动异常

总结2023年12月2日云南芒市M_(S)5.0地震发生前地震活动异常,发现震前存在中期、短期和临震异常。其中:(1)中期阶段:滇西地区M≥5.0地震存在东西迁移规律,且M_(L)≥4.0地震活动具有由滇西北向小滇西迁移的特点;(2)中短期阶段:小滇西地区中小地震活动显著增强,3、4级地震围成孕震空区并伴随出现M_(L)≥3.0地震条带;(3)短期阶段:出现逼近地震和前兆震群,临震前10天发生前震。分析认为,“逼近地震”和前兆震群的发生,是地震孕育过程从中期转入短临阶段的拐点。

星型GAP与固体推进剂填料的表界面性能

采用动态接触角和界面张力仪,研究了星型GAP(S-GAP)与AP、RDX和HMX之间的表界面性能。结果表明,星型GAP与固体填料间的界面张力关系为γSL(S-GAP/RDX)<γSL(S-GAP/HMX)<γSL(S-GAP/AP);星型GAP与固体填料间的粘附功关系为Wa(S-GAP/AP)<Wa(S-GAP/RDX)<Wa(S-GAP/HMX)。星型GAP与固体填料间的粘接界面的作用力主要为界面分子间作用力。S-GAP与RDX、HMX之间主要由于氢键、偶极等作用而形成较强的界面作用;S-GAP与AP间由于分子间作用力较小,故界面作用较弱。

“S”形试件的五轴数控机床综合动态精度检测特性研究

以ISO国际标准试件、NAS979系列试件、NCG试件等为例,比较了目前国内外常用机床精度检测试件的检测性能与特点,计算了"S"形检测试件的开闭角、扭曲角、曲线曲率以及曲面法曲率等特征,研究了"S"形检测试件在几何造型方面的特性,证明了"S"形试件能基本体现和覆盖机床的各种复杂姿态,以及在机床多轴联动精度检测和机床动态刚度特性检测等方面更具全面性。为基于"S"形检测试件的五轴数控机床动态精度检测提供相应的科学依据,为五轴数控机床精度检测试件的型面构造研究提供理论参考,有助于"S"形试件国际标准草案的制定与推广。

金思维对Aβ_(42)所致AD模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43表达的影响

目的观察金思维对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43异常表达的影响。方法应用凝聚态Aβ1-42在大鼠海马内注射以建立动物模型。造模3d后采用Morris水迷宫法筛选学习记忆积分异常者,纳入药物实验。给药4周后,取脑冷冻切片,采用免疫组化法和计算机图像分析技术测定海马CA1区GAP-43阳性神经元数目,采用Image-Proplus显微图像分析系统测定海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞的免疫反应产物的光密度(OD)值。结果给药4周后,金思维组海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞数升至77.06个±14.66个,不仅显著高于模型组的52.33个±28.45个(P<0.01),而且与多奈哌齐组(51.26个±22.44个)相比亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。但金思维组海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞OD值(75.44±5.29)与多奈哌齐组(73.09±5.18)相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金思维可使Aβ所致AD模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43的表达量增加,为金思维提取物促神经生长提供了新的证据。

S波段速调管双间隙输出腔的设计和实验研究

介绍了S波段强流相对论速调管放大器(RKA)双间隙输出腔高频系统的设计,并利用3维粒子模拟程序模拟和优化了短脉冲强流相对论调制电子束经过双间隙输出腔后的微波提取。在束压640 kV、束流6 kA、基波调制深度80%的条件下,模拟得到功率为1.1 GW的微波,频率约为2.85 GHz,效率28%。在高频分析和粒子模拟的基础上进行了实验研究,实验中采用束压640 kV、束流6 kA的环行电子束,经过优化调节RKA参数,在中间腔后得到了约4.6 kA的基波调制电流,加上双间隙提取腔后从该RKA获得了频率为2.9 GHz、功率为1 GW、脉宽22 ns的输出微波,束波转换效率26%。

Wiltse肌间隙入路与常规入路治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床比较

目的:探讨经Wiltse肌间隙入路治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。方法:回顾性分析48例胸腰椎骨折患者的病历资料,经常规手术入路行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定术者25例为对照组(A组);经Wiltse肌间隙入路行椎弓根螺钉内固定者23例为观察组(B组)。比较2组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、引流量、术后疼痛视觉摸拟评分、Cobb’s角及术后日本骨科协会评分。结果:A组患者的手术时间、出血量、引流量术后VAS评分均大于B组[(80.04±9.650)min,(60.48±6.374)min,t=8.210,P=0.000;(280.40±56.60)mL,(180.43±60.11)mL,t=5.934,P=0.000;(161.60±44.31)mL,(120.00±28.28)mL,t=3.838,P=0.000;(5.792±1.444),(3.087±1.203),t=3.838,P=0.000];2组患者的切口长度、术后JOA评分及手术前后Cobb’s角比较,差异均无统计学意义[(10.40±1.49)cm,(10.33±1.49)cm,t=0.171,P=0.865;(27.280±1.487),(26.348±1.921),t=1.889,P=0.065;(22.060±4.887),(22.870±5.513),t=-0.539,P=0.592;(6.204±1.737),(6.844±1.359),t=-1.412,P=0.165]。结论:与常规手术入路相比,经Wiltse肌间隙入路内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折具有手术时间短、出血量少及术后疼痛程度低的优点,值得推广。

磁控溅射法制备SnS薄膜的结构和光学性能

利用磁控溅射法在FTO玻璃上制备了Sn S薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见分光光度计对不同溅射参数下制备的Sn S薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能进行研究,确定出制备Sn S薄膜的最优溅射参数。结果表明:溅射功率为28 W,沉积气压在2.5 Pa时,制备出的Sn S薄膜在(111)晶面具有最好的择优取向,薄膜微观形貌呈单片树叶状,晶粒粒径约370 nm,晶粒分布均匀,薄膜表面光滑致密;最优溅射参数下制备的Sn S薄膜的吸收系数可达到105cm-1,比其他方法制备的Sn S薄膜的吸收系数值高,禁带宽度为1.48 e V,与半导体太阳能电池所要求的最佳禁带宽度(1.5 e V)十分接近。

2022年四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震前地震活动与地球物理观测异常回顾与讨论

2022年9月5日四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震发生在2022年度全国地震重点危险区内,且震前作了较好的短期预测。本文回顾了中期(年度)和短期阶段地震活动和地球物理观测异常。(1)2022年度危险区确定的核心依据有川滇藏交界4级地震空区、危险区附近ML≥3.5地震空区、跨断层形变趋势异常和重力场异常等,其中,川滇藏交界4级地震空区被2022年1月2日云南宁蒗M_(S)5.5地震打破具有中短期预测意义。(2)短期阶段,川滇藏交界4级地震空区经历了“打破—增强—平静”的演化过程,与1973年四川炉霍M_(S)7.6地震前高度相似,这可能与其发震构造相同、震源机制解一致和深部孕震环境相似有关。此外,还存在川滇地区震群和多个余震区准同步活动、巴塘显著震群等异常。地球物理观测方面,在2022年6月1日芦山M_(S)6.1和6月10日马尔康M_(S)6.0地震后,四川前兆异常无明显减少,而在7—8月显著增多,这可以作为强震后短期仍有可能再次发生强震的判定依据。新增异常主要分布在以三岔口(鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带和龙门山断裂带交汇区,呈“Y”字形分布)为中心的300km范围内,这是震前短期地点预测的主要依据之一。(3)6.8级地震前形变中短期大幅度异常突出,且异常点均位于远场(距离6.8级地震震中130~300km范围内)。除礼州测距外,其余异常点均位于ML3.5地震空区外围。形变异常出现的时间与ML3.5地震空区打破后空区内部及边缘地震活动显著增强大体一致。(4)泸定6.8级地震发生在三岔口地区,该区及附近2015—2021年连续多年被确定为全国地震重点危险区,但均未发生预测地震,由此表明当前有效的强震年度(中期)时间预测依据少。