To investigate drivers' lane-changing behavior under different information feedback strategies,a microscopic traffic simulation based on the cellular automaton model was made on the typical freeway with a regular ...To investigate drivers' lane-changing behavior under different information feedback strategies,a microscopic traffic simulation based on the cellular automaton model was made on the typical freeway with a regular lane and a high-occupancy one. A new dynamic tolling scheme in terms of the real-time traffic condition on the high-occupancy lane was further designed to enhance the whole freeway's flow throughput. The results show that the mean velocity feedback strategy is generally more efficient than the travel time feedback strategy in correctly guiding drivers' lane choice behavior. Specifically,the toll level,lane-changing rate and freeway's throughput and congestion coefficient induced by the travel time feedback strategy oscillate with larger amplitude and longer period. In addition,the dynamic tolling scheme can make the high-occupancy lane less congested and maximize the freeway's throughput when the regular-lane inflow rate is larger than 0.45.展开更多
Introduction:Recent studies examining the association of Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing various types of cancer have reported conflicting results.Clarifying this association c...Introduction:Recent studies examining the association of Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing various types of cancer have reported conflicting results.Clarifying this association could advance our knowledge of the influence of TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on cancer risk.Methods:We systematically reviewed studies that focused on a collection of 12 SNPs located in the TLR3 gene and the details by which these SNPs influenced cancer risk.Additionally,14 case-control studies comprising a total of7997 cases of cancer and 8699 controls were included in a meta-analysis of 4 highly studied SNPs(rs3775290,rs3775291,rs3775292,and rs5743312).Results:The variant TLR3 genotype rs5743312(C9948T,intron 3,C>T)was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk as compared with the wild-type allele(odds ratio[OR]=1.11,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.00–1.24,P=0.047).No such association was observed with other TLR3 SNPs.In the stratified analysis,the rs3775290(C13766T,C>T)variant genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asian populations.Additionally,the rs3775291(G13909A,G>A)variant genotype was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians,subgroup with hospital-based controls,and subgroup with a small sample size.Conclusion:After data integration,our findings suggest that the TLR3 rs5743312 polymorphism may contribute to an increased cancer risk.展开更多
Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulat...Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulation, the negative index relationships between carrying capacity and serving time, and the index relationships between the queuing delay and flow are gained under the condition of different serving time and different vehicle type composition. When the flow density is low, the vehicle type composing has less influence on system serving level. Contrarily, also. Disposing toll station by roadway where flow density is high, we can save transection areas of toll station, reduce system queuing delay time, and enhance carrying capacity of toll station.展开更多
This paper proposes a low power wake-up baseband circuit used in Chinese Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system. To reduce the static power consumption, a low power biasing strategy is proposed. The proposed circuit ...This paper proposes a low power wake-up baseband circuit used in Chinese Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system. To reduce the static power consumption, a low power biasing strategy is proposed. The proposed circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.18 μm technology with an area of 0.09 mm 2 . Its current consumption is only 2.1 μA under 1.8 V power supply. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.95 mV at room temperature with a variation of only ±28% over -35℃ to 105℃.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)frequently elicits only mild immune responses so that it can often establish chronic infection.In this case HCV antigens persist and continue to stimulate the immune system.Antigen persistence th...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)frequently elicits only mild immune responses so that it can often establish chronic infection.In this case HCV antigens persist and continue to stimulate the immune system.Antigen persistence then leads to profound changes in the infected host’s immune responsiveness,and eventually contributes to the pathology of chronic hepatitis.This topic highlight summarizes changes associated with chronic hepatitis C concerning innate immunity(interferons,natural killer cells),adaptive immune responses(immunoglobulins,T cells,and mechanisms of immune regulation(regulatory T cells).Our overview clarifies that a strong anti-HCV immune response is frequently associated with acute severe tissue damage.In chronic hepatitis C,however,the effector arms of the immune system either become refractory to activation or take over regulatory functions.Taken together these changes in immunity may lead to persistent liver damage and cirrhosis.Consequently,effector arms of the immune system will not only be considered with respect to antiviral defence but also as pivotal mechanisms of inflammation,necrosis and progression to cirrhosis.Thus,avoiding Scylla-a strong,sustained antiviral immune response with inital tissue damage-takes the infected host to virus-triggered immunopathology,which ultimately leads to cirrhosis and liver cancerthe realm of Charybdis.展开更多
Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decisio...Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decision making based on counterfeit data produced by hostile interoperable system. Research in this paper is based on highway toll collection system analysis as representative of hierarchical heterogeneous systems where integration becomes more important than development due to the short time in disposal between the contract signature and implementation. Unwanted interoperability detect mechanism is presented using information collected from different information system levels.展开更多
According to the extension of ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) System, the distance based toll system has been recently introduced to realize the effective traffic management for urban transport networks. In the stu...According to the extension of ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) System, the distance based toll system has been recently introduced to realize the effective traffic management for urban transport networks. In the study, urban road network in Keihanshin area is analyzed as an empirical study. The traffic assignment technique is modified to estimate the traffic conditions on the network with describing the individual route charging as well as diversion traffic. The impact of implementation of distance based toll onto the real scale transport network can be evaluated to discuss the social benefit of road users. The advanced technique with intelligent information processing can be proposed to determine the optimal combination of parameters in distance based toll function. In the study, the reduction of total travel time of road users is regarded as the index of the social benefit on urban network. Therefore, the estimation model of total travel time is created by neural network without the estimation process for large scale network. After the optimal combination of parameters is determined, practical road pricing policy on the urban network can be analyzed. Finally, the optimal function form of distance based toll is recommended in practical implementation.展开更多
基金Project(70521001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006CB705503) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject supported by the Innovation Foundation of BUAA for PhD Graduates
文摘To investigate drivers' lane-changing behavior under different information feedback strategies,a microscopic traffic simulation based on the cellular automaton model was made on the typical freeway with a regular lane and a high-occupancy one. A new dynamic tolling scheme in terms of the real-time traffic condition on the high-occupancy lane was further designed to enhance the whole freeway's flow throughput. The results show that the mean velocity feedback strategy is generally more efficient than the travel time feedback strategy in correctly guiding drivers' lane choice behavior. Specifically,the toll level,lane-changing rate and freeway's throughput and congestion coefficient induced by the travel time feedback strategy oscillate with larger amplitude and longer period. In addition,the dynamic tolling scheme can make the high-occupancy lane less congested and maximize the freeway's throughput when the regular-lane inflow rate is larger than 0.45.
文摘Introduction:Recent studies examining the association of Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing various types of cancer have reported conflicting results.Clarifying this association could advance our knowledge of the influence of TLR3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on cancer risk.Methods:We systematically reviewed studies that focused on a collection of 12 SNPs located in the TLR3 gene and the details by which these SNPs influenced cancer risk.Additionally,14 case-control studies comprising a total of7997 cases of cancer and 8699 controls were included in a meta-analysis of 4 highly studied SNPs(rs3775290,rs3775291,rs3775292,and rs5743312).Results:The variant TLR3 genotype rs5743312(C9948T,intron 3,C>T)was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk as compared with the wild-type allele(odds ratio[OR]=1.11,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.00–1.24,P=0.047).No such association was observed with other TLR3 SNPs.In the stratified analysis,the rs3775290(C13766T,C>T)variant genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asian populations.Additionally,the rs3775291(G13909A,G>A)variant genotype was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians,subgroup with hospital-based controls,and subgroup with a small sample size.Conclusion:After data integration,our findings suggest that the TLR3 rs5743312 polymorphism may contribute to an increased cancer risk.
文摘Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulation, the negative index relationships between carrying capacity and serving time, and the index relationships between the queuing delay and flow are gained under the condition of different serving time and different vehicle type composition. When the flow density is low, the vehicle type composing has less influence on system serving level. Contrarily, also. Disposing toll station by roadway where flow density is high, we can save transection areas of toll station, reduce system queuing delay time, and enhance carrying capacity of toll station.
基金Supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research TeamsNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61106025)
文摘This paper proposes a low power wake-up baseband circuit used in Chinese Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system. To reduce the static power consumption, a low power biasing strategy is proposed. The proposed circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.18 μm technology with an area of 0.09 mm 2 . Its current consumption is only 2.1 μA under 1.8 V power supply. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.95 mV at room temperature with a variation of only ±28% over -35℃ to 105℃.
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)frequently elicits only mild immune responses so that it can often establish chronic infection.In this case HCV antigens persist and continue to stimulate the immune system.Antigen persistence then leads to profound changes in the infected host’s immune responsiveness,and eventually contributes to the pathology of chronic hepatitis.This topic highlight summarizes changes associated with chronic hepatitis C concerning innate immunity(interferons,natural killer cells),adaptive immune responses(immunoglobulins,T cells,and mechanisms of immune regulation(regulatory T cells).Our overview clarifies that a strong anti-HCV immune response is frequently associated with acute severe tissue damage.In chronic hepatitis C,however,the effector arms of the immune system either become refractory to activation or take over regulatory functions.Taken together these changes in immunity may lead to persistent liver damage and cirrhosis.Consequently,effector arms of the immune system will not only be considered with respect to antiviral defence but also as pivotal mechanisms of inflammation,necrosis and progression to cirrhosis.Thus,avoiding Scylla-a strong,sustained antiviral immune response with inital tissue damage-takes the infected host to virus-triggered immunopathology,which ultimately leads to cirrhosis and liver cancerthe realm of Charybdis.
文摘Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decision making based on counterfeit data produced by hostile interoperable system. Research in this paper is based on highway toll collection system analysis as representative of hierarchical heterogeneous systems where integration becomes more important than development due to the short time in disposal between the contract signature and implementation. Unwanted interoperability detect mechanism is presented using information collected from different information system levels.
文摘According to the extension of ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) System, the distance based toll system has been recently introduced to realize the effective traffic management for urban transport networks. In the study, urban road network in Keihanshin area is analyzed as an empirical study. The traffic assignment technique is modified to estimate the traffic conditions on the network with describing the individual route charging as well as diversion traffic. The impact of implementation of distance based toll onto the real scale transport network can be evaluated to discuss the social benefit of road users. The advanced technique with intelligent information processing can be proposed to determine the optimal combination of parameters in distance based toll function. In the study, the reduction of total travel time of road users is regarded as the index of the social benefit on urban network. Therefore, the estimation model of total travel time is created by neural network without the estimation process for large scale network. After the optimal combination of parameters is determined, practical road pricing policy on the urban network can be analyzed. Finally, the optimal function form of distance based toll is recommended in practical implementation.