Petrogenesis, oxidation state and volatile content of Dongga tonalite in the Gangdese belt, Xizang: Implication for porphyry Cu mineralization

The Gangdese belt in Xizang has experienced both Jurassic subduction and Cenozoic continental collision processes, making it a globally renowned region for magmatic rocks and porphyry copper deposits. Numerous Jurassic intrusions have been identified in the belt. Apart from the quartz diorite porphyry in the large Xietongmen deposit, the Cu mineralization potential of other Jurassic intrusions in this belt remains unclear. This study presents zircon U–Pb dating and trace elements, apatite major and trace elements as well as published whole-rock geochemical and isotopic data of the Dongga tonalite in the central part of the Gangdese belt, aiming to reveal the petrogenesis, oxidation state, volatile content, and Cu mineralization potential of this intrusion. The Dongga tonalite has a zircon U–Pb age of 179.4 ± 0.9 Ma. It exhibits high whole-rock V/Sc values(8.76–14.6), relatively low apatite CeN/CeN*ratios(1.04–1.28), elevated zircon(Eu/Eu*)Nvalues(an average of 0.44), high Ce4+/Ce3+values(205–1896), and high ?FMQ values(1.3–3.7), collectively suggesting a high magmatic oxygen fugacity. The Dongga tonalite features amphibole phenocrysts, relatively high whole-rock Sr/Y ratios(20.3–58.9), and lower zircon Ti temperatures (502–740 ℃), reflecting a high magmatic water content. Estimation of magmatic sulfur content(0.002–0.024 wt%) based on apatite SO3contents indicates an enriched magma sulfur content. Combined with previous studies and the collected Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, the Dongga tonalite is derived from juvenile lower crust related with subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab. When compared with Xietongmen orebearing porphyries, the Dongga tonalite exhibits remarkable similarities with the Xietongmen ore-bearing porphyries in terms of magma source, tectonic background, magmatic redox state, and volatile components, which indicates that the Dongga tonalite has a high porphyry Cu mineralization potential, and therefore, provides important guidance for the future mineralization exploration.

Recycled oceanic crust as a source for tonalite intrusions in the mantle section of the Khor Fakkan block, Semail ophiolite(UAE)

Several types of felsic granitoid rocks have been recognized, intrusive in both the mantle and the crustal sequence of the Semail ophiolite. Several models have been proposed for the source of this suite of tonalites, granodiorites, trondhjemites intrusions, however their genesis is still not clearly understood.The sampled Dadnah tonalites that intruded in the mantle section of the Semail ophiolite display arctype geochemical characteristics, are high siliceous, low-potassic, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, enriched in LILE, show positive peaks for Ba, Pb, Eu, negative troughs for U, Ti and occur with low δ^(18)O_(H_2 O), moderate ε_(Sr) and negative eNd values. They have crystallized at temperatures that range from～550 ℃ to ～720 ℃ and pressure ranging from 4.4 kbar to 6.5 kbar. The isotopic ages from our tonalite samples range between 98.6 Ma and 94.9 Ma, slightly older and overlapping with the age of the metamorphic sole. Our field observations, mineralogical, petrological, geochemical, isotopic and melt inclusion data suggest that the Dadnah tonalites formed by partial melting(～10%-15% continuous or ～12% batch partial melting), accumulation of plagioclase, fractional crystallization(～55%-57%), and interaction with their host harzburgites. These tonalites were the end result of partial melting and subsequent contamination and mixing of ～4% oceanic sediments with ～96% oceanic lithosphere from the subducted slab. This MORB-type slab melt composed from ～97% recycled oceanic crust and ～3% of the overlying mantle.We suggest that a possible protolith for these tonalites was the basaltic lavas from the subducted oceanic slab that melted during the initial stages of the supra-subduction zone(SSZ), which was forming synchronously to the spreading ridge axis. The tonalite melts mildly modified due to low degree of mixing and interaction with the overlying lithospheric mantle. Subsequently, the Dadnah tonalites emplaced at the upper part of the mantle sequence of the Semail ophiolite and are geochemically distinct from the other mantle intrusive felsic granitoids to the south.

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of a small tonalite intrusion in metamorphic belt of Chinese Altai orogen and its geological implication

Small granitic intrusions occur in the progressive metamorphic belts of the Chinese Ahai orogen. SHRIMP U-Pb analyses were performed on zircons separated from a tonalite intrusion and yielded a concordant age of 409.6±3.7 Ma （ MSWD = 0.93 ）, restricting the emplacement and crystallization of the tonalite intru- sion to the Early Devonian. Combined with the existing geological data of the contemporary large granitic plutons in the Chinese Altai orogen, the tonalite is considered to be formed together with other granitic rocks in a continental arc setting. The tonalite intrusion has consistent foliation with its country rocks, indicating the strain resuiting in the regional deformation should be very strong during or after the early Devonian.

Archean Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Suites Bearing Orthopyroxene Mineral of the Bounta Region and Their Sulfide and Oxide Iron Mineralization (Western Ivory Coast)

The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.

U-Pb-Hf isotopes of Neoarchean Shuimowan tonalites in southern margin of North China Craton: constraints on petrogenesis

This study presents zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology,trace elements characteristics,whole rock geochemistry composition and zircon Hf isotopic data of Shuimowan tonalites in Dengfeng City.The results show that zircons from Shuimowan tonalites have oscillatory growth zoning,relatively high Th/U ratios(0.8--1.7)and upturned zircon rare earth elements(REE),indicating that they are magmatic origin.Shuimowan tonalites yield a weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age of 2522±9 Ma,indicating they were formed in the latest Neoarchean.The tonalites are characterized by relatively low SiO 2 contents,high MgO and Na 2O contents,high REE(∑REE=322×10-6-354×10-6),obvious fractionation of REE,enrichment in LREE and feeble negative Eu anomaly(Eu/Eu*=0.97--0.99).The samples are also enriched in large ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements,with negative Nb,Ta,P and Ti anomalies.TheεHf(t)values of zircon grains from Shuimowan tonalites range between 3.5 and 5.3.Combined with regional tectonic evolution,it is suggested that Shuimowan tonalites were derived from partial melting of mantle peridotite metasomatized by the slab-derived felsic melt and formed in the arc magma tectonic setting related to plate subduction.Research on the Neoarchean Shuimowan tonalites provides a constraint for the study of the Pre-Cambrian tectonic evolution in the southern margin of North China Craton.

Geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope characteristics of tonalites in Zêtang,Tibet:New evidence for intra-Tethyan subduction

Tonalites from the island arc rock assemblage in the Zêtang segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone were analyzed for major,trace elements (including REE) and Sr-Nd isotope. The experimental data demonstrate that the tonalites have the adakite-like characteristics,including high SiO2 (58%―63%),Al2O3 (18.4%―22.4%),Sr (810×10 6―940×10 6),Sr/Y (77―106),low HREE (Y=9×10 6―11×10 6,Yb= 1×10 6―1.3×10 6),with LREE enrichment and faint Eu positive anomaly. ISr (0.70421―0.70487) is rela-tively low whereas 143Nd/144Nd (0.512896―0.512929) and εNd(t) values (+6.7―+7.3) are high. These fea-tures suggest that Zêtang tonalites were formed by the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust,with involvement of a small amount of oceanic sediments. The identification of Zêtang adakites,derived from slab melting,presents new evidence for the intra-Tethyan subduction and the previous sugges-tion about the existence of intra-oceanic island arc within Tethys.

贺根山缝合带白音呼舒奥长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

本文以出露于贺根山缝合带梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩北侧的白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及二连—贺根山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,白音呼舒岩体富硅(SiO2=66.50%~73.04%)、高铝(Al2O3=15.11%~16.75%)、富钠(Na2O=3.50%~6.16%)、低钾(K2O=1.46%~2.38%),相对高锶(Sr=167.0×10^-6~441.0×10^-6)、低钇(Y=5.30×10^-6~9.51×10^-6),富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,白音呼舒侵入岩体属于英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩(Tonalite—Trondhjemite—Granodiorite,TTG)岩系,与高Si高锶低钇中酸性岩(Adakite,埃达克岩)类似,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧环境,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体的形成年龄为309.2±1.6 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带TTG岩浆作用事件。结合二连—贺根山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和中生代后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系,表明古亚洲洋二连—贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。

Modern-style Subduction Processes in the Archean:Evidence from the Shangyi Complex in North China Craton

Three fragments of the Archean oceanic crust have been found between the Archean granulite belt and the Paleo-Proterozoic Hongqiyingzi group in North China craton, which spread along the Shangyi-Chicheng ancient fault. This paper presents integrated field, petrology, geochemistry and geochronology evidence of the ancient oceanic fragments. The magma crystallizing age of the tonalite in the Shangyi complex is 2512±19 Ma and the geochemical characteristics suggest that the Nbenriched basalts may be related to crustal contamination and formed in the intra-oceanic arc of the supra subduction zone setting.

Reaction experiments between tonalitic melt and mantle olivine and their implications for genesis of high-Mg andesites within cratons

High-Mg （Mg#〉45） andesites （HMA） within cratons attract great attention from geologists. Their origin remains strongly debated. In order to examine and provide direct evidence for previous assumptions about HMA＇s genesis inferred from petrolog- ical and geochemical investigations, we performed reaction experiments between tonalitic melt and mantle olivine on a six-anvil apparatus at high-temperature of 1250-1400℃ and high-pressure of 2.0-5.0 GPa. Our experiments in this work simulated the interaction between the tonalitic melt derived from partial melting of eclogitized lower crust foundering into the Earth＇s mantle and mantle peridotite. The experimental results show that the reacted melts have very similar variations in chemical compositions to the HMAs within the North China Craton. Therefore, this interaction is probably an important pro- cess to generate the HMAs within crations.