This article examines the problem of individual and collective attempts at forgetting the traumatic past in Toni Morrison’s sixth novel Jazz(1992).More specifically,it emphasizes by selected examples psychological an...This article examines the problem of individual and collective attempts at forgetting the traumatic past in Toni Morrison’s sixth novel Jazz(1992).More specifically,it emphasizes by selected examples psychological and social aspects of willful amnesia which can lend itself useful in helping traumatized(country)individuals to repress painful remembrances,heal mental wounds and build a new identity in a memory-free modern city.Analyzing Jazz’s narrative featuring Joe and Violet Trace,with a particular focus put on the expectations and experiences connected with their migration to and life in the City,the article explores via Paul Connerton’s ruminations on cultural forgetting in modern times-delineated in his book How Modernity Forgets(2009)-the mechanisms of intentional amnesia used in the process of recovering from personal and social traumas resulting from more recent(migration and urban life)and more time-distant(slavery and racism)ordeals.展开更多
As the first black women Nobel laureate,Toni Morrison has drawn great attention with her fascinating and deep-thinking novels.Her 10th novel Home vividly shows the racial suffering and the post-war trauma of black vet...As the first black women Nobel laureate,Toni Morrison has drawn great attention with her fascinating and deep-thinking novels.Her 10th novel Home vividly shows the racial suffering and the post-war trauma of black veteran Frank,who has drawn critical attention from various perspectives.However,there is hardly any scholarly focus on another major character Cee,whose experience of medical and racial discrimination actually constitutes another important clue throughout the whole story.Therefore,this paper intends to analyze Home from the perspective of ethical relationship ethics,including doctor-patient relationship,doctor-society relationship,patient-society relationship,and patient-family relationship.The analysis indicates that Home not only reveals the history of medical racial discrimination and human experiment ethics problems under the rapid development of medical technology in the 1950s,but also inspire readers’thinking on the ethical problems and ethical dilemmas in the contemporary world.展开更多
This paper reinterprets Toni Morrison＇s short story Recitatif, from the perspective of frame theory in cognitive linguistics. It proposes that readers should modify their default values by activating the old and upco...This paper reinterprets Toni Morrison＇s short story Recitatif, from the perspective of frame theory in cognitive linguistics. It proposes that readers should modify their default values by activating the old and upcoming new information pieces so as to re-match the intended cognitive framing of the writer. It finally concludes that the real theme of the novel is not the strengthening of race codes but the discoloring of the White and the Black.展开更多
The paper focuses on Toni Morrison＇s latest novel God Help the Child （2015）. By presenting a skillful though somewhat perverse merger of binary oppositions at different levels （racial, social, moral, and psycholog...The paper focuses on Toni Morrison＇s latest novel God Help the Child （2015）. By presenting a skillful though somewhat perverse merger of binary oppositions at different levels （racial, social, moral, and psychological）, the writer makes borderlines of all sorts appear artificial and therefore invalidates them. Thus, childhood merges with adulthood through sexual traumas that live on; touch with no touch as the evil touch of a parent equals an abhorrence of touching the child Other; truth with a lie as it proves as destructive as lying in good faith; passing blackness with blue blackness as the former conceives the latter; and appearances with reality in the ironic title of the book, where it is both the mother and the child that in fact need God＇s help. Thus, as Toni Morrison demonstrates, a thoroughly surreptitious, because natural, process of dissolution of all barriers makes them appear to be arbitrary constructs responsible for the equally arbitrary notion of the Other. Taking an utterly holistic view of the nature of things, Morrison seems to suggest that borderlines are a consequence and a manifestation of a lack of balance, which therefore needs to be redressed through love, mutual understanding, and maturation.展开更多
Toni Morrison＇s fiction may arguably be characterized as postmodern discourse on memory, history and culture. In her novels, the Nobel laureate frequently returns to the past to search for answers to the questions sh...Toni Morrison＇s fiction may arguably be characterized as postmodern discourse on memory, history and culture. In her novels, the Nobel laureate frequently returns to the past to search for answers to the questions she poses about African American realities in the contemporary United States. In doing so, Morrison often creates alternative histories or, more specifically, a usable past----one that allows her to engage in a literary （re-）construction of the Black historical and cultural material which traditional histories have chosen to ignore or disremember. Therefore, as a present-day writer of African American descent, Morrison attempts to reassemble all the fragmentary historical and cultural accounts available to her as a novelist and narrate them in the form of a convincing story. With regard to the above considerations, this article seeks to discuss some of the mechanisms employed by Morrison for weaving her postmodern, memory-filled narrative on the example of her eighth novel, Love （2003）. In particular, the analysis focuses on the book＇s central figure, Bill Cosey, and his Southern ocean-side resort--both seen against the backdrop of the pre- and post-World War II racist America, followed by the 1960s decade of the Civil Rights Movement. Finally, it is also demonstrated how the author＇s use of split narrative as well as the ＂I＂ narrator-cum-character technique contribute to recounting in retrospect Love＇s main, historicized story---one viewed and judged from a present-time perspective.展开更多
Toni Morrison,the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993,has been hailed as one of the greatest American authors of the 20th century.Her works explore and portray blacks’destiny,history,and spiritual world,...Toni Morrison,the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993,has been hailed as one of the greatest American authors of the 20th century.Her works explore and portray blacks’destiny,history,and spiritual world,emphasizing on gender,race,and culture.Song of Solomon and Beloved,the two novels the thesis has selected to make analysis are crucial to her writing career.Toni Morrison’s great many literary works anatomize the survival and psychological pain of African Americans under the restrain and repression of mainstream culture,trying to find out a solution.展开更多
＂We Are the Furrow of His Brow＂ is the graffiti altered from ＂Beware of the Furrow of His Brow＂ or ＂The Furrow of His Brow＂ on the hood of an oven in a separated black town Ruby. Young people of Ruby change the ...＂We Are the Furrow of His Brow＂ is the graffiti altered from ＂Beware of the Furrow of His Brow＂ or ＂The Furrow of His Brow＂ on the hood of an oven in a separated black town Ruby. Young people of Ruby change the words because they feel regretted contriving to shoot an assumed guilty woman living in the nearby convent. However, whether the woman Consolata and the other four women at the convent are dead remains mysterious. There are some descriptions of magics in Paradise in which the most magical abilities are Connie＇s ＂bat vision＂ and ＂stepping in＂. This paper demonstrates the ways that Morrison manifests magic realism in Paradise including multiple narrative timelines, ambiguous writing, reconstituted marginal figures and naturally blended reality. Primarily in thefour ways Morrison presents how she utilizes magic realism genre to depict the changeable world penetrating through the appearance.展开更多
Morrison's latest novella Home(2012) reveals abundant grounds to discuss direct or indirect representations of characters' displacement and exile.The protagonist of the novella Frank Money encounters with dive...Morrison's latest novella Home(2012) reveals abundant grounds to discuss direct or indirect representations of characters' displacement and exile.The protagonist of the novella Frank Money encounters with diversified painful issues.This paper intends to ex-plore and interpret Frank's traumatic memories from three dimensions of homeless,the Korean War and racial discrimination.Frank'sfeeling of alienation is provoked by loveless childhood memories,the participation in the Korean War and his miserable losses there,aswell as the racism that he still experiences in America of the 1950 s.Frank's journey to rescue his sister Cee assists him to partially over-come those traumatic memories and acquire some kind of spiritual redemption in the end.展开更多
Toni Morrison is one of the most important writers in American history,and her prose and stories offer compelling commentaries on the intertwined experiences of race and womanhood.Morrison combines a striking narrativ...Toni Morrison is one of the most important writers in American history,and her prose and stories offer compelling commentaries on the intertwined experiences of race and womanhood.Morrison combines a striking narrative style with poetic language and magical realism to create novels which offer insight into the experiences of black people and women.Two novels in particular that explore these themes are Beloved and Paradise.These two novels are privy to the experiences of black women as they work together to overcome their traumas in various ways.In the novels,the theme of food is used as a motif to represent inner strength and healing from trauma.Throughout Beloved and Paradise,food is used as a powerful symbol to convey community togetherness as well as to symbolize inner strength,and its textual appearances should be analyzed for their implications about race and gender.In so doing,readers will be able to better understand how food is not just a physical necessity,but a powerful symbol of strength and solidarity.展开更多
Beloved is a landmark work written by Toni Morrison. To analyze the psychological trauma of American black people in Beloved, it is uncovered that American black people need to establish self-awareness and self-cognit...Beloved is a landmark work written by Toni Morrison. To analyze the psychological trauma of American black people in Beloved, it is uncovered that American black people need to establish self-awareness and self-cognition and rebuild self cultural systems and self-values, so that they could develop their social status and finally get rid of discrimination and oppression.展开更多
In their article ＂Love Is As Ethical Love Does＂, CHEN Xi and SH1 Xuan discuss Toni Morrison＇s Love and assert that this novel is essentially an ethical tragedy of black women. From the perspective of ethical litera...In their article ＂Love Is As Ethical Love Does＂, CHEN Xi and SH1 Xuan discuss Toni Morrison＇s Love and assert that this novel is essentially an ethical tragedy of black women. From the perspective of ethical literary criticism, they analyze the dislocated ethical identity of the two main heroines and alignment of their ethical choices to illustrate that other than race and gender, Heed＇s and Christine＇s tragedies originate from their uncontrollable irrational willJ Moreover, this novel lays stress on love regarded from an ethical perspective, illuminating ＂we choose to love＂, that is, to love while bearing in mind the importance of ethical order and moral norms. Thus, this novel offers moral enlightenment for black women in the process of pursuing love, equality and of reconstructing their ethical identity.展开更多
In light of the postcolonial theory,this thesis attempts to analyze the marginal plight of the low class and women images in Tar Baby from the perspective of Gayatri C.Spivak’s epistemic violence.Under the influence ...In light of the postcolonial theory,this thesis attempts to analyze the marginal plight of the low class and women images in Tar Baby from the perspective of Gayatri C.Spivak’s epistemic violence.Under the influence of epistemic violence,the resistance strategy in Tar Baby is highlighted in order to interpret the resistance thought displayed by Toni Morrison in the Tar Baby.Toni Morrison expresses the appeal of an active strategy to resist epistemic violence against cultural hegemony and the white dominant society.展开更多
Toni Morrison is the most famous American novelist and book editor.At the same time,she is also the first African-American author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Her most famous work Beloved delineates a tragic ...Toni Morrison is the most famous American novelist and book editor.At the same time,she is also the first African-American author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Her most famous work Beloved delineates a tragic fate of black slave Sethe.Amy Denver,a white indentured servant whom Sethe encountered on her way to escape,is easily overlooked by readers.However,in the novel,Amy Denver does play an important role as a bridge between whites and blacks.Through close reading,details of Amy Denver healing Sethe physically and mentally and her contribution to continuity and redemption of the black will be discussed in the research.展开更多
Toni Morrison and Alice Walker, two legendary contemporary African-American writers, both are credited with contributions to bringing black literature into the mainstream and fostering a new generation of African –Am...Toni Morrison and Alice Walker, two legendary contemporary African-American writers, both are credited with contributions to bringing black literature into the mainstream and fostering a new generation of African –American authors. Both experience years that witness social upheaval like Civil Rights Movement, and they often explore similar themes. A number of their works concern issues like racism, sexism and womanism. This essay analyses womanism ideology in their two short stories—Recitatif by Toni Morrison and Everyday Use by Alice Walker.展开更多
文摘This article examines the problem of individual and collective attempts at forgetting the traumatic past in Toni Morrison’s sixth novel Jazz(1992).More specifically,it emphasizes by selected examples psychological and social aspects of willful amnesia which can lend itself useful in helping traumatized(country)individuals to repress painful remembrances,heal mental wounds and build a new identity in a memory-free modern city.Analyzing Jazz’s narrative featuring Joe and Violet Trace,with a particular focus put on the expectations and experiences connected with their migration to and life in the City,the article explores via Paul Connerton’s ruminations on cultural forgetting in modern times-delineated in his book How Modernity Forgets(2009)-the mechanisms of intentional amnesia used in the process of recovering from personal and social traumas resulting from more recent(migration and urban life)and more time-distant(slavery and racism)ordeals.
基金This paper is funded by key project of China National Social Science Fund(Project Number:19AWW007).
文摘As the first black women Nobel laureate,Toni Morrison has drawn great attention with her fascinating and deep-thinking novels.Her 10th novel Home vividly shows the racial suffering and the post-war trauma of black veteran Frank,who has drawn critical attention from various perspectives.However,there is hardly any scholarly focus on another major character Cee,whose experience of medical and racial discrimination actually constitutes another important clue throughout the whole story.Therefore,this paper intends to analyze Home from the perspective of ethical relationship ethics,including doctor-patient relationship,doctor-society relationship,patient-society relationship,and patient-family relationship.The analysis indicates that Home not only reveals the history of medical racial discrimination and human experiment ethics problems under the rapid development of medical technology in the 1950s,but also inspire readers’thinking on the ethical problems and ethical dilemmas in the contemporary world.
文摘This paper reinterprets Toni Morrison＇s short story Recitatif, from the perspective of frame theory in cognitive linguistics. It proposes that readers should modify their default values by activating the old and upcoming new information pieces so as to re-match the intended cognitive framing of the writer. It finally concludes that the real theme of the novel is not the strengthening of race codes but the discoloring of the White and the Black.
文摘The paper focuses on Toni Morrison＇s latest novel God Help the Child （2015）. By presenting a skillful though somewhat perverse merger of binary oppositions at different levels （racial, social, moral, and psychological）, the writer makes borderlines of all sorts appear artificial and therefore invalidates them. Thus, childhood merges with adulthood through sexual traumas that live on; touch with no touch as the evil touch of a parent equals an abhorrence of touching the child Other; truth with a lie as it proves as destructive as lying in good faith; passing blackness with blue blackness as the former conceives the latter; and appearances with reality in the ironic title of the book, where it is both the mother and the child that in fact need God＇s help. Thus, as Toni Morrison demonstrates, a thoroughly surreptitious, because natural, process of dissolution of all barriers makes them appear to be arbitrary constructs responsible for the equally arbitrary notion of the Other. Taking an utterly holistic view of the nature of things, Morrison seems to suggest that borderlines are a consequence and a manifestation of a lack of balance, which therefore needs to be redressed through love, mutual understanding, and maturation.
文摘Toni Morrison＇s fiction may arguably be characterized as postmodern discourse on memory, history and culture. In her novels, the Nobel laureate frequently returns to the past to search for answers to the questions she poses about African American realities in the contemporary United States. In doing so, Morrison often creates alternative histories or, more specifically, a usable past----one that allows her to engage in a literary （re-）construction of the Black historical and cultural material which traditional histories have chosen to ignore or disremember. Therefore, as a present-day writer of African American descent, Morrison attempts to reassemble all the fragmentary historical and cultural accounts available to her as a novelist and narrate them in the form of a convincing story. With regard to the above considerations, this article seeks to discuss some of the mechanisms employed by Morrison for weaving her postmodern, memory-filled narrative on the example of her eighth novel, Love （2003）. In particular, the analysis focuses on the book＇s central figure, Bill Cosey, and his Southern ocean-side resort--both seen against the backdrop of the pre- and post-World War II racist America, followed by the 1960s decade of the Civil Rights Movement. Finally, it is also demonstrated how the author＇s use of split narrative as well as the ＂I＂ narrator-cum-character technique contribute to recounting in retrospect Love＇s main, historicized story---one viewed and judged from a present-time perspective.
文摘Toni Morrison,the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993,has been hailed as one of the greatest American authors of the 20th century.Her works explore and portray blacks’destiny,history,and spiritual world,emphasizing on gender,race,and culture.Song of Solomon and Beloved,the two novels the thesis has selected to make analysis are crucial to her writing career.Toni Morrison’s great many literary works anatomize the survival and psychological pain of African Americans under the restrain and repression of mainstream culture,trying to find out a solution.
文摘＂We Are the Furrow of His Brow＂ is the graffiti altered from ＂Beware of the Furrow of His Brow＂ or ＂The Furrow of His Brow＂ on the hood of an oven in a separated black town Ruby. Young people of Ruby change the words because they feel regretted contriving to shoot an assumed guilty woman living in the nearby convent. However, whether the woman Consolata and the other four women at the convent are dead remains mysterious. There are some descriptions of magics in Paradise in which the most magical abilities are Connie＇s ＂bat vision＂ and ＂stepping in＂. This paper demonstrates the ways that Morrison manifests magic realism in Paradise including multiple narrative timelines, ambiguous writing, reconstituted marginal figures and naturally blended reality. Primarily in thefour ways Morrison presents how she utilizes magic realism genre to depict the changeable world penetrating through the appearance.
文摘Morrison's latest novella Home(2012) reveals abundant grounds to discuss direct or indirect representations of characters' displacement and exile.The protagonist of the novella Frank Money encounters with diversified painful issues.This paper intends to ex-plore and interpret Frank's traumatic memories from three dimensions of homeless,the Korean War and racial discrimination.Frank'sfeeling of alienation is provoked by loveless childhood memories,the participation in the Korean War and his miserable losses there,aswell as the racism that he still experiences in America of the 1950 s.Frank's journey to rescue his sister Cee assists him to partially over-come those traumatic memories and acquire some kind of spiritual redemption in the end.
文摘Toni Morrison is one of the most important writers in American history,and her prose and stories offer compelling commentaries on the intertwined experiences of race and womanhood.Morrison combines a striking narrative style with poetic language and magical realism to create novels which offer insight into the experiences of black people and women.Two novels in particular that explore these themes are Beloved and Paradise.These two novels are privy to the experiences of black women as they work together to overcome their traumas in various ways.In the novels,the theme of food is used as a motif to represent inner strength and healing from trauma.Throughout Beloved and Paradise,food is used as a powerful symbol to convey community togetherness as well as to symbolize inner strength,and its textual appearances should be analyzed for their implications about race and gender.In so doing,readers will be able to better understand how food is not just a physical necessity,but a powerful symbol of strength and solidarity.
文摘Beloved is a landmark work written by Toni Morrison. To analyze the psychological trauma of American black people in Beloved, it is uncovered that American black people need to establish self-awareness and self-cognition and rebuild self cultural systems and self-values, so that they could develop their social status and finally get rid of discrimination and oppression.
文摘In their article ＂Love Is As Ethical Love Does＂, CHEN Xi and SH1 Xuan discuss Toni Morrison＇s Love and assert that this novel is essentially an ethical tragedy of black women. From the perspective of ethical literary criticism, they analyze the dislocated ethical identity of the two main heroines and alignment of their ethical choices to illustrate that other than race and gender, Heed＇s and Christine＇s tragedies originate from their uncontrollable irrational willJ Moreover, this novel lays stress on love regarded from an ethical perspective, illuminating ＂we choose to love＂, that is, to love while bearing in mind the importance of ethical order and moral norms. Thus, this novel offers moral enlightenment for black women in the process of pursuing love, equality and of reconstructing their ethical identity.
文摘In light of the postcolonial theory,this thesis attempts to analyze the marginal plight of the low class and women images in Tar Baby from the perspective of Gayatri C.Spivak’s epistemic violence.Under the influence of epistemic violence,the resistance strategy in Tar Baby is highlighted in order to interpret the resistance thought displayed by Toni Morrison in the Tar Baby.Toni Morrison expresses the appeal of an active strategy to resist epistemic violence against cultural hegemony and the white dominant society.
文摘Toni Morrison is the most famous American novelist and book editor.At the same time,she is also the first African-American author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Her most famous work Beloved delineates a tragic fate of black slave Sethe.Amy Denver,a white indentured servant whom Sethe encountered on her way to escape,is easily overlooked by readers.However,in the novel,Amy Denver does play an important role as a bridge between whites and blacks.Through close reading,details of Amy Denver healing Sethe physically and mentally and her contribution to continuity and redemption of the black will be discussed in the research.
文摘Toni Morrison and Alice Walker, two legendary contemporary African-American writers, both are credited with contributions to bringing black literature into the mainstream and fostering a new generation of African –American authors. Both experience years that witness social upheaval like Civil Rights Movement, and they often explore similar themes. A number of their works concern issues like racism, sexism and womanism. This essay analyses womanism ideology in their two short stories—Recitatif by Toni Morrison and Everyday Use by Alice Walker.
