Research on Genetic Physiological Ecology of Precious Species: Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens

Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var. pubescens are timber species of national second-class protective plants. In China, Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var.pubescens distribute sporadically with small population size but with great development potential. Plus selection on phenotype of Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var.pubescens, molecular genetic marker of Toona ciliata var. pubescens, research progress in physiology and ecology of Toona ciliata and Toona ciliata var.pubescens were summarized in this paper. Suggestions and prospect forecast were proposed for relative research and utilization.

Study on Cutting Propagation of Toona ciliata Clones

Cutting propagation rhizogenesis of Toona ciliata clone cutting orchard were studied, and the results were as fol ows： Rooting type included both cal us rooting and cortex rooting. About 17 in 22 of clones were dominated by cortex rooting, accounting for the 77% of clones. There were 5 clones which occurred with both cal us rooting and cortex rooting during rooting process. The rooting efficiency index （REI） showed a positive correlation with the rooting rate. Under natural tem-perature condition, keeping moisture and shading, we found that the highest survival rate occurred in early June, September, and October.

Pb胁迫对红椿(Toona ciliata Roem)生长发育及Pb富集特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了酸性紫色土、钙质紫色土和冲积土上生长的一年生红椿实生苗暴露在不同浓度Pb胁迫（0、200、450mg·kg-1和2000mg·kg-1）条件下的叶长、叶面积、生物量、各器官Pb含量特征和富集程度,并分析了红椿对Pb污染的耐性和转移效率。3种土壤下红椿都能生长,但相同浓度Pb胁迫下其在钙质紫色土中生长状况最佳,在冲积土中生长状况最差。随Pb浓度增大红椿叶片生长受到明显抑制,当土壤中Pb浓度在2000mg·kg-1时,其叶长和叶面积与对照差异极显著（P〈0.01）;Pb胁迫使得红椿根茎比发生明显的变化,还加大其叶的凋落程度,同时整株生物量随着Pb胁迫浓度的增大呈极显著降低趋势（P〈0.01）,但在土壤Pb浓度最大时其生物量仍达到对照的81.47%以上。红椿体内Pb含量与土壤Pb浓度成正相关（P〈0.01）,其6个器官中细根Pb含量最高,粗根次之,而地上部分的Pb含量较低且差异不大。红椿耐性指数值在0.67~1.06之间,表现为随Pb胁迫浓度增大,其耐性呈下降趋势。红椿富集系数与转移系数都较小且小于0.3。这些结果表明,红椿能在Pb污染较严重的土壤中较好的生存,可作为Pb污染区域潜在的土壤修复树种。

Population Dynamics and Fourier Series Analysis of Toona ciliata of Qizimeishan Nature Reserve

To investigate the population dynamics of Toona ciliata in Qizimeishan Na- ture Reserve, the age classes and population quantity of Toona clliata in Qizimeishan were analyzed by transforming diameter classes into corresponding age classes. A static life table was prepared. Moreover, the curves of survival rate, mortality rate and killing powder were drawn so as to perform spectral analysis for Toona clliata in Qizimeishan Nature Reserve. The results showed that the Vpi and Vpf of the Toona ci/iata population were 32.32% and 4.039%, respectively, indicating that Toona ci/iata is a stable growth-oriented population with high risk sensitivity. The survival rate curve was approximately fitted to the Deevey II type, so the individuals in each age class had an equivalent mortality rate in overall. The qx and Kx all reached peaks si- multaneously at 1, 4 and 6 age classes, indicating great effects of physiological properties, environmental sieves and human disturbances on Toona ci/iata population at various growth stages. The spectral analysis showed that the fundamental wave A1 was 0.752 8, while A3 showed an obvious minor cycle deviating from AI. It suggests that there is a periodicity, with minor cycles of multi-harmonic superposition, in natural regeneration of Toona ciliata population.

Species abundance distribution models of Toona ciliata communities in Hubei Province,China

The study of plant species abundance distribution(SAD)in natural communities is of considerable importance to understand the processes and ecological rules of community assembly.With the distribution of tree,shrub and herb layers of eight natural communities of Toona ciliata as research targets,three diff erent ecological niche models were used:broken stick model,overlapping niche model and niche preemption model,as well as three statistical models:log-series distribution model,log-normal distribution model and Weibull distribution model,to fi t SAD of the diff erent vegetation layers based on data collected.Goodness-of-fi t was compared with Chi square test,Kolmogorov–Smirnov(K–S)test and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC).The results show:(1)based on the criteria of the lowest AIC value,Chi square value and K–S value with no signifi cant diff erence(p>0.05)between theoretic and observed SADs.The suitability and goodness-of-fi t of the broken stick model was the best of three ecological niche models.The log-series distribution model did not accept the fi tted results of most vegetation layers and had the lowest goodness-of-fi t.The Weibull distribution model had the best goodness-of-fi t for SADs.Overall,the statistical SADs performed better than the ecological ones.(2)T.ciliata was the dominant species in all the communities;species richness and diversity of herbs were the highest of the vegetation layers,while the diversities of the tree layers were slightly higher than the shrub layers;there were fewer common species and more rare species in the eight communities.The herb layers had the highest community evenness,followed by the shrub and the tree layers.Due to the complexity and habitat diversity of the diff erent T.ciliata communities,comprehensive analyses of a variety of SADs and tests for optimal models together with management,are practical steps to enhance understanding of ecological processes and mechanisms of T.ciliata communities,to detect disturbances,and to facilitate biodiversity and species conservation.

Distribution Pattern Scale of Natural Toona ciliata Population

In order to research the population distribution pattern of endangered species Toona ciliata Roem., the sampling quadrats of 5 mx5 m and 3 m×3 m in size, accurate to 1 mxl m, were established in 2 newly-found only existing T. cili- ata Roem. communities （T1 and T2） with contiguous grid quadrate method, in the Nanhe River valley, Gucheng County. By X2 test, t-test of distribution coefficient Cx method, and F test of Morisita pattern index Iδ whether the distribution patterns of the T. ciliata Roem. populations conformed to Poisson distribution were checked. The results indicated that, population T1 was in Poisson distribution under 5 m×5 m and 3 m×3 m in size by Cx and 16 methods, but in clumped distribution pattern un- der 5 m×5 m in size by the Chi-square test; however, the population was in Pois- son distribution under the dimension of 3 m×3 m. Population T2 under human dis- turbance had higher population density, indicating clumped distribution under 3 above-mentioned tests. If Chi-square test is satisfied, a distribution pattern is in Poisson distribution, and size and quantity of sampling quadrats should be given pri- ority to; and if df is greater, both theoretical values and observed values tend to- wards normal distribution more probably, and the test of distribution pattern, there- fore will be more dependable.

A regeneration system using cotyledons and cotyledonary node explants of Toona ciliata

We used the cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes of Toona ciliata(Chinese mahogany)as explants to examine callus and adventitious shoot induction when exposed to different ratios of hormones.We also investigated the effects of seedling age,inoculation method,and genotype on the efficient regeneration of T.ciliata.The results showed that different genotypes exhibited significantly different callus induction efficiency.The cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes of 20-day seedlings inoculated onto MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),0.5 mg/L kinetin(KT)and 0.05 mg/L 1-naphthylacetic acid(NAA)achieved a greater regeneration rate than did other concentrations of cytokinin and auxin.The numbers of shoots per cotyledon and cotyledonary node explant were 7.33 and 6.67.The optimal inoculation method for cotyledons was that the distal end of the explants was placed in contact with the medium.The optimal adventitious shoot differentiation medium for cotyledon explants was MS medium containing 0.3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA,producing a 3.4 cm height of shoot on average.This study established an efficient regeneration system for T.ciliata with cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes as explants.

攀枝花干热河谷水肥控制对毛红椿(Toona ciliata var.pubescens)苗期的影响

根据攀枝花荒山造林需要,为培育出优质毛红椿壮苗,开展毛红椿幼苗肥水试验,探讨肥水管理对毛紅椿育苗的影响。结果表明:水肥控制对毛紅椿苗期生长有明显的促进作用。毛紅椿幼苗对水肥控制试验组合的反应是不同的。各个水肥控制试验处理间苗高和冠幅差异不显著,而施肥次数和施肥次数与灌水次数间的交互作用苗木地径差异显著,其中施肥次数影响最大,其次为施肥次数与灌水次数间的交互作用,最优组合为施肥.灌水1次·周-1。

Species Abundance Distribution Patterns of a Toona ciliata Community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve

With the goal of model fitting species abundance distribution patterns of the tree,shrub and herb layers of the natural Toona ciliata community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve,Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei Province,we used the data collected from the field survey and employed different ecological niche models.The models tested were the broken stick model(BSM),the overlapping niche model(ONM)and the niche preemption model(NPM),as well as three statistic models,the log-series distribution model(LSD),the log-normal distribution model(LND)and the Weibull distribution model(WDM).To determine the fitted model most suitable to each layer,the fitting effects were judged by criteria of the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion(AIC),Chi-square and the K-S values with no significant difference(P>0.05)between the theoretical predictions and observed species abundance distribution values.The result showed:(1)The fitting suitability and goodness of fit of the tree,shrub and herb layers by using the three ecological niche models were ranked as:NPM>BSM>ONM.Of the three statistical models,by accepting the fitting results of the three layers,WDM was the best fitting model,followed by LND.By rejecting the fitting tests of the herb layer,LSD had the worst fitting effect.The goodness of the statistical models was ranked as:WDM>LND>LSD.In general,the statistical models had better fitting results than the ecological models.(2)T.ciliata was the dominant species of the tree layer.The species richness and diversity of the herb layer were much higher than those of either the tree layer or the shrub layer.The species richness and diversity of the shrub layer were slightly higher than those of the tree layer.The community evenness accorded to the following order:herb>shrub>tree.Considering the fitting results of the different layers,different ecological niche models or statistical models with optimal goodness of fit and ecological significance can be given priority to in studying the species abundance distribution patterns of T.ciliata communities.

Genetic Diversity of Toona ciliata Populations based on SSR Markers

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of T. ciliata germplasm resources, we studied the genetic diversity of T. ciliata by using SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat) primers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 T. ciliata germplasm samples from 24 populations of 5 provinces. Data Formater, Popgene, NTSYS, TFPGA and other software were used for genetic data conversion, genetic parameter estimation, dendrogram construction and genetic variation analysis. The results showed that: 1) a total of 17 alleles(Na) were detected in seven pairs of primers, with an average of 2.260 for each primer. Among them, the highest numbers of alleles(4) were detected in primers S11 and S422.The mean value of Nei’s genetic diversity index(H) was 0.4909, the mean value of Shannon information index(I) was 0.7321, and the mean value of polymorphic information content(PIC) was 0.5182. The mean expected heterozygosity(He) and observed heterozygosity(Ho) were 0.1055 and 0.4956, respectively. The Nei’s genetic distances of the populations ranged between 0.0002 and 2.6346, and the mean was 0.5477. The average genetic diversity level(H=0.1044) of the 24 populations was lower than that of the species(H=0.4909). 2) The genetic differentiation coefficients(Fst) varied from 0.2374 to 0.9148, with an average value of 0.7727. The mean of population gene flow(Nm) was 0.0735, indicating a low level of genetic exchange between populations, and suggesting that the genetic variation mainly came from within populations. 3) With the UPGMA method, the 24 populations were clustered into 3 groups at Nei’s genetic identity(0.99): the populations from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were clustered into one group, the populations from Hunan Province were in another group, and the populations from Hubei Province were in the third group. The Mantel test analysis showed a significant correlation between Nei’s genetic distance and geographic distance(r=0.6318, P=0.009<0.05). The genetic diversity of the 24 populations of T. ciliata was at a low level. Geographic isolation was the main reason for genetic differentiation among T. ciliata provenances. In the protection of germplasm resources of T. ciliata, emphasis should be placed on breeding genetic resources from the populations with higher genetic diversity(P14, for example). As for the populations with low genetic diversity, an ex-situ protection strategy as well as ecological and timber objectives, should be taken into account to maximize the conservation and utilization of the diversity of T. ciliata.

镉胁迫对红椿(Toona ciliate Roem.)幼苗生长及碳、氮、磷、钾累积与分配的影响

为了解镉(Cd)胁迫对红椿(Toona ciliata Roem.)生长及养分[碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)]吸收的影响,采用盆栽控制试验研究了不同浓度Cd处理[0(对照)、10、20、40、80、160 mg·kg^(-1)]对其幼苗生长发育、生物量以及养分积累与分配特征的影响。结果显示:与对照相比,红椿幼苗生长特性指数(如叶数、叶长、叶宽、根长及地径和株高)与根、茎、叶生物量随Cd浓度增加而降低,但低Cd处理(<40 mg·kg^(-1))对各器官指数、株高及总生物量无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着Cd胁迫浓度增加,根、茎、叶中Cd浓度逐渐升高,且根大于茎;根K、茎K、叶K和叶N累积量随胁迫浓度增加呈先升后降,而根C、根N、茎N、根P和叶P累积量则逐渐降低。此外,茎C、叶C和茎P在低Cd处理时无显著差异,但较高Cd胁迫处理(≥40.00 mg·kg^(-1))则显著抑制并改变其累积与分配格局。红椿幼苗具有一定的抗Cd胁迫能力,但较高浓度Cd胁迫(≥40.00 mg·kg^(-1))显著影响了红椿幼苗的生长特性及其养分格局。

不同红椿家系苗期及幼林期在江汉平原的生长表现分析

【目的】红椿是湖北的重要乡土树种,但在江汉平原未有天然分布及人工栽培。选择出适宜于江汉平原地区发展的优良红椿家系,为该地区提供珍贵用材树种造林资源。【方法】以湖北恩施地区的17个红椿优树半同胞家系为研究材料,采用随机区组设计,在江汉平原石首市开展平茬后2 a苗期及2 a幼林期对比试验,对不同家系连续4 a胸径(1年生时为地径)、树高和材积性状进行分析比较,开展红椿优良家系早期选择。【结果】不同家系间胸径(地径)和树高性状在所有龄期都存在极显著差异。平茬后自苗期第2年起,后续3 a的所有胸径和树高性状相互间都呈显著或极显著相关。苗期第2年起后续3 a(2020—2022年),红椿家系的胸径、树高及材积性状遗传力皆超过0.85。根据不同家系不同性状的遗传增益大小,以材积增益为主,从17个家系中筛选出3个早期表现优良的家系,即鄂13家系、鄂15家系及鄂06家系,选择强度为17.65%。【结论】3个早期优良家系材积遗传增益均超过群体平均20%,选择强度大,早期生长优势明显,年均胸径生长量2.09 cm,年均树高生长量1.78 m,这些家系将成为湖北江汉平原地区红椿良种选育的重要种质资源。

不同种源/家系毛红椿连年生长性状变异及早期选择

【目的】对毛红椿种源家系幼林生长性状差异进行研究,筛选早期生长性状优良的毛红椿种源/家系,揭示其地理变异规律,以推进毛红椿遗传改良工作。【方法】以毛红椿5个种源11个家系为研究对象,调查树高、胸径等生长性状,对不同种源/家系生长性状进行遗传变异分析及相关性分析,并利用遗传增益进行优良种源/家系选择。【结果】毛红椿早期生长性状在种源、家系间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);14号家系(江西宜丰)在树高、胸径、材积等方面表现最好且生长最快,1号家系(安徽泾县)和4号家系(安徽泾县)生长相对较慢,且2号、13号、14号、15号的连年生长量靠前;树高、胸径和材积的变异系数分别为25.39%~32.74%、31.94%~36.55%、80.81%~91.21%,5年生毛红椿测定林的变异系数为材积>胸径>树高,其遗传力分别为0.586~0.894、0.749~0.852、0.643~0.780;相关性分析结果表明,除生长性状与无霜期,5年生枝下高与经度、年均降水量的相关性未达显著外,各生长性状之间相关性达极显著水平(P<0.01),各生长性状与经纬度呈现极显著负相关(P<0.01),与年均气温、年均降水量呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01)。根据主成分分析结果进行综合评价,初步选出3个优良家系(12号、13号、14号),其中14号家系树高、胸径、材积的遗传增益分别为14.94%、16.59%、38.20%。【结论】毛红椿的生长性状在种源和家系间都存在着丰富的遗传变异,在地理上呈现明显的“双向渐变型”。初步筛选的14号(江西宜丰)家系不仅生长优良,且有着较高的遗传增益,可作为推广使用的首选家系,可以为毛红椿选育工作提供基础。

接种丛枝菌根真菌对毛红椿幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响

为探究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)促进毛红椿幼苗抗旱性机制,以毛红椿幼苗为材料,探究接种AMF对毛红椿幼苗在正常浇水(NW)、轻度干旱胁迫(LS)、中度干旱胁迫(MS)和重度干旱胁迫(SS)处理下的生长和光合生理影响。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,毛红椿幼苗生长和生理均受到不同程度抑制,但接种AMF可缓解干旱胁迫对苗木生长的抑制,显著促进毛红椿幼苗苗高和地径的生长(P<0.05)。接种AMF与对照(CK)的毛红椿幼苗叶片除气孔导度(G_(s))在中度干旱胁迫下差异不显著外,G_(s)在另外3个干旱胁迫处理下及蒸腾速率(T_(r))、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))、净光合速率(P_(n))在4个干旱胁迫处理下均达到显著差异(P<0.05)。在重度干旱胁迫下,接种AMF毛红椿幼苗叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量较CK提高了26.45%,其可溶性蛋白(Sp)含量与CK存在显著差异(P<0.05)。干旱胁迫下,与CK相比,接种AMF毛红椿幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较高。由相关性分析可知,接种幼苗的内含物(Ss、Sp、Pro)与抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性之间均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01,P<0.001),光合指标除C_(i)外,其余光合指标(P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r))与生长指标(GH、GD)均存在正相关。接种AMF能够通过提高毛红椿幼苗叶片的光合能力及渗透调节能力以增强其抗旱性,促进毛红椿幼苗生长,有效提高毛红椿幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应性。

毛红椿生长、心材和材性性状遗传分析及家系选择

[目的]通过研究15年生毛红椿家系试验林的生长、心材和材性性状的遗传变异规律,选择速生且优质的毛红椿优良家系。[方法]以浙江开化县林场的15年生毛红椿家系试验林为材料,测定其树高、胸径、材积、心材率、心材材积和木材基本密度,进行方差、相关和主成分等分析。[结果]毛红椿家系间树高、胸径、材积、心材率、心材材积和木材基本密度等6个生长、心材和材性性状的差异均达极显著水平,并有较高的遗传稳定性,但冠幅和枝下高在家系间差异不显著。表型相关和遗传相关分析表明,毛红椿胸径与心材材积和材积之间呈显著正相关,通过对胸径的选择能间接实现对材积和心材材积的选择。主成分分析结果显示,材积、心材材积、胸径、树高和心材率等5个性状代表了毛红椿的品质和经济性状,对前两个主成分PC1和PC2的贡献率较高。通过构建材积、心材率、心材材积和木材基本密度等4个性状的综合指数选择方程,对毛红椿所有家系进行综合评价,选出了2个符合改良条件的优良家系,其材积、心材率、心材材积和木材基本密度获得的平均遗传增益分别为:52.84%、0.49%、66.23%和2.13%。[结论]毛红椿育种目标应重点围绕生长和心材性状,而冠幅和枝下高遗传力较小且家系间差异不显著,不适宜作为遗传改良的目标。

外源调节物质对干旱胁迫红椿苗木形态及光合生理的影响

【目的】探明褪黑素(MT)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)3种外源调节物质对干旱胁迫红椿苗木表观形态及光合生理的影响,筛选对红椿干旱损伤缓解效果最好的外源物质。【方法】以2年生红椿幼苗作为试验材料,通过盆栽控水试验,设置土壤湿度为45%,对红椿进行中度干旱胁迫(MD)处理,在此基础上分别外源施加0.1 mmol/L MT(MD+MT)、0.5 mmol/L SA(MD+SA)和0.4 mmol/L MeJA(MD+MeJA)进行3个缓解试验处理,同时设土壤湿度为70%的正常供水对照(CK),比较各处理红椿幼苗生长指标、表观形态、气孔和叶肉细胞形态、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的变化情况,运用隶属函数法综合评价3种外源物质的干旱缓解效果。【结果】①中度干旱胁迫(MD)会抑制红椿幼苗地径、株高和叶长等的生长,MD+SA处理可显著缓解干旱对地径和株高的抑制,但MD+MeJA处理对地径生长有抑制作用,MD+MT处理对株高生长有抑制作用。②中度干旱胁迫会损害红椿叶片的表观形态、气孔及叶肉细胞形态,MD+SA处理对红椿叶片脱落、叶色、气孔开闭程度及叶肉细胞形态有明显恢复效果,MD+MeJA处理对红椿叶片萎蔫情况和气孔开闭程度的恢复具有明显缓解效果。③中度干旱胁迫会显著抑制红椿的光合作用,MD+SA处理对干旱胁迫下红椿叶绿素含量、气孔参数和叶绿素荧光参数的抑制有缓解作用,MD+MeJA处理对气孔参数和叶绿素荧光参数有一定缓解作用,MD+MT处理仅对叶绿素荧光参数有缓解效果。④抗旱性综合评价结果显示,MD+SA、MD+MeJA和MD+MT处理抗旱性指标的隶属函数均值分别为0.55,0.52和0.45,表明MD+SA处理对红椿干旱损伤的缓解效果最好。【结论】干旱胁迫条件下,红椿表观形态受损,叶绿素含量下降,气体交换参数和PSⅡ反应中心等光合机构受损;MT、SA和MeJA 3种外源调节物质均可以缓解干旱胁迫下红椿的受损情况,且SA的调节效果最好。

毛红椿枝叶化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究毛红椿枝叶化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法采用硅胶、RP-18反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用MTT法测定其抗肿瘤活性。结果从中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为toonaolide D(1)、toonaciliatin E(2)、bourjotinolone A(3)、(21 R,23R)-epoxy-21α-ethoxy-24 S,25-dihydroxyapotirucalla-7-en-3-one(4)、(Z)-toonasterone C(5)、(E)-toonasterone C(6)、3-epi-dyscusin C(7)、(Z)-aglawone(3)(8)、(E)-volkendousin(9)、8(14),15-isopimaradiene-2α,3α,19-triol(10)、(-)-loliolide(11)、cyclohexenone(12)、pubinernoid A(13)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(14),5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛(15)。化合物3、4对K562细胞的IC 50值分别为54.2、47.3μmol/L,对HEL细胞的IC 50值分别为47.3、61.1μmol/L。结论化合物4、7、10、11为首次从楝科植物中分离得到,化合物2、15为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物3和4具有较弱的抗肿瘤活性。

国家二级保护野生植物红椿抢救性移栽技术探索——以白鹤滩水电站库区红椿移栽为例

为保护白鹤滩水电站建设范围内国家二级保护野生植物红椿,采用抢救性移栽方法,移栽野生红椿1 513株,移栽后成活率达94.5%,2年后保存率90.9%。对抢救性移栽结果进行分析,认为在移栽地选择适宜、采用技术得当的情况下,影响红椿抢救性移栽成败的关键因素中,起挖和栽植间隔时间影响最大,其次是土球保留完整程度,再次是树体的损伤程度。移栽成活后,管护是影响保存的关键,尤其是牲畜破坏和人为破坏造成的影响往往是不可逆的。

闽北地区毛红椿优良家系早期选择

于2020年,对福建顺昌、建阳、浦城等3个试验点3年生的毛红椿优良家系测定林的生长表现和生长性状遗传变异规律进行测定分析。结果表明:54个毛红椿优良家系的树高、胸径和单株材积在不同地点、不同家系以及地点与家系的交互效应上均存在显著差异,其中单株材积的遗传变异系数最大。根据不同家系3年生时的生长表现,以平均单株材积为指标,筛选出适合顺昌的早期速生优良家系为36、42、43、40、41、2、30、39、44、21、38、32、19、20、37号,适合建阳的早期速生优良家系为37、41、29、42、36、40、3、16、20、44、51、2、30、21、50号,适合浦城的早期速生优良家系为30、23、20、18、28、22、19、38、36、44、21、17、43、15、37号家系。21、30、37、44号家系在3个试验点均表现优异。根据3年生的平均单株材积计算,福建顺昌、建阳、浦城的遗传增益分别为40.25%、43.11%、53.41%。选择的早期速生优良材料可为营建毛红椿种子园和速生丰产林提供参考。