Supporting Various Top-k Queries over Uncertain Datasets

There have been many researches and semantics in answering top-k queries on uncertain data in various applications. However, most of these semantics must consume much of their time in computing position probability. Our approach to support various top-k queries is based on position probability distribution （PPD） sharing. In this paper, a PPD-tree structure and several basic operations on it are proposed to support various top-k queries. In addition, we proposed an approximation method to improve the efficiency of PPD generation. We also verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach by both theoretical analysis and experiments.

Processing and optimization of UMQL-based multimedia queries

Through the mapping from UMQL （ unified multimedia query language） conditional expressions to UMQA （unified multimedia query algebra） query operations, a translation algorithm from a UMQL query to a UMQA query plan is put forward, which can generate an equivalent UMQA internal query plan for any UMQL query. Then, to improve the execution costs of UMQA query plans effectively, equivalent UMQA translation formulae and general optimization strategies are studied, and an optimization algorithm for UMQA internal query plans is presented. This algorithm uses equivalent UMQA translation formulae to optimize query plans, and makes the optimized query plans accord with the optimization strategies as much as possible. Finally, the logic implementation methods of UMQA plans, i.e., logic implementation methods of UMQA operators, are discussed to obtain useful target data from a muifirnedia database. All of these algorithms are implemented in a UMQL prototype system. Application results show that these query processing techniques are feasible and applicable.

Monitoring nearest neighbor queries with cache strategies

The problem of continuously monitoring multiple K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) queries with dynamic object and query dataset is valuable for many location-based applications. A practical method is to partition the data space into grid cells, with both object and query table being indexed by this grid structure, while solving the problem by periodically joining cells of objects with queries having their influence regions intersecting the cells. In the worst case, all cells of objects will be accessed once. Object and query cache strategies are proposed to further reduce the I/O cost. With object cache strategy, queries remaining static in current processing cycle seldom need I/O cost, they can be returned quickly. The main I/O cost comes from moving queries, the query cache strategy is used to restrict their search-regions, which uses current results of queries in the main memory buffer. The queries can share not only the accessing of object pages, but also their influence regions. Theoretical analysis of the expected I/O cost is presented, with the I/O cost being about 40% that of the SEA-CNN method in the experiment results.

Secure K-Nearest neighbor queries in two-tiered mobile wireless sensor networks

Tiered Mobile Wireless Sensor Network(TMWSN)is a new paradigm introduced by mobile edge computing.Now it has received wide attention because of its high scalability,robustness,deployment flexibility,and it has a wide range of application scenarios.In TMWSNs,the storage nodes are the key nodes of the network and are more easily captured and utilized by attackers.Once the storage nodes are captured by the attackers,the data stored on them will be exposed.Moreover,the query process and results will not be trusted any more.This paper mainly studies the secure KNN query technology in TMWSNs,and we propose a secure KNN query algorithm named the Basic Algorithm For Secure KNN Query(BAFSKQ)first,which can protect privacy and verify the integrity of query results.However,this algorithm has a large communication overhead in most cases.In order to solve this problem,we propose an improved algorithm named the Secure KNN Query Algorithm Based on MR-Tree(SEKQAM).The MR-Trees are used to find the K-nearest locations and help to generate a verification set to process the verification of query results.It can be proved that our algorithms can effectively guarantee the privacy of the data stored on the storage nodes and the integrity of the query results.Our experimental results also show that after introducing the MR-Trees in KNN queries on TMWSNs,the communication overhead has an effective reduction compared to BAFSKQ.

A method for improving graph queries processing using positional inverted index (P.I.I) idea in search engines and parallelization techniques

The idea of positional inverted index is exploited for indexing of graph database. The main idea is the use of hashing tables in order to prune a considerable portion of graph database that cannot contain the answer set. These tables are implemented using column-based techniques and are used to store graphs of database, frequent sub-graphs and the neighborhood of nodes. In order to exact checking of remaining graphs, the vertex invariant is used for isomorphism test which can be parallel implemented. The results of evaluation indicate that proposed method outperforms existing methods.

分布式网络中连续时间周期的全局top-K频繁流测量

在分布式网络中,测量top-K频繁流对资源分配、安全监控等应用至关重要。现有的top-K频繁流测量工作存在不适用于测量分布式网络流量或只考虑单时间周期等局限。为此,提出了分布式网络中连续时间周期的全局top-K频繁流测量方案,在分布节点中布置了紧凑的概率数据结构来记录网络流信息,每个时间周期结束后分布节点向中心节点发送必要信息,中心节点汇聚得到从测量开始至当前时间周期的全局top-K频繁流。考虑到每条流可能出现在一个或多个测量节点,使用了不同的方法来减少传输开销。对于每条流只会出现在单一节点的情况,采用传输分段最小值的方法来获得阈值,实验结果表明这种方法减少了全量传输超过50%的传输开销。对于每条流会出现在多个节点的情况,提出了多阶段无误差处理方法和单阶段快速处理方法,分别应对不能容忍误差的场景和实际高速网络流量,相比每个时间周期都使用已有单周期方法,传输开销的实验表现降低了两个数量级。最后还提出了一种利用历史平均增值信息降低通信延迟的方法,实验结果表明该方法有效降低了限制信息的平均相对误差。

Fast Discovering Frequent Patterns for Incremental XML Queries

It is nontrivial to maintain such discovered frequent query patterns in real XML-DBMS because the transaction database of queries may allow frequent updates and such updates may not only invalidate some existing frequent query patterns but also generate some new frequent query patterns. In this paper, two incremental updating algorithms, FUX-QMiner and FUXQMiner, are proposed for efficient maintenance of discovered frequent query patterns and generation the new frequent query patterns when new XMI, queries are added into the database. Experimental results from our implementation show that the proposed algorithms have good performance. Key words XML - frequent query pattern - incremental algorithm - data mining CLC number TP 311 Foudation item: Supported by the Youthful Foundation for Scientific Research of University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyBiography: PENG Dun-lu (1974-), male, Associate professor, Ph.D, research direction: data mining, Web service and its application, peerto-peer computing.

Subsumption Checking between Concept Queries in Different Ontologies Based on Mutual Instances

This paper proposes a checking method based on mutual instances and discusses three key problems in the method： how to deal with mistakes in the mutual instances and how to deal with too many or too few mutual instances. It provides the checking based on the weighted mutual instances considering fault tolerance, gives a way to partition the large-scale mutual instances, and proposes a process greatly reducing the manual annotation work to get more mutual instances. Intension annotation that improves the checking method is also discussed. The method is practical and effective to check subsumption relations between concept queries in different ontologies based on mutual instances.

Monitoring Median Queries over Moving Objects

The k-median problem has attracted a number of researchers. However,few of them have considered both the dynamic environment and the issue of accuracy. In this paper,a new type of query is studied,called continuous median monitoring （CMM） query. It considers the k-median problem under dynamic environment with an accuracy guarantee. A continuous group nearest neighbor based （CGB） algorithm and an average distance medoid （ADM） algorithm are proposed to solve the CMM problem. ADM is a hill climbing schemed algorithm and achieves a rapid converging speed by checking only qualified candidates. Experiments show that ADM is more efficient than CGB and outperforms the classical PAM （partitioning around medoids） and CLARANS （clustering large applications based on randomized search） algorithms with various parameter settings.

Path-partitioned encoding supports wildcard-awareness twig queries

Finding all occurrences of a twig query in an XML database is a core operation for efficient evaluation of XML queries. It is important to effiectively handle twig queries with wildcards. In this paper, a novel path-partitioned encoding scheme is proposed for XML documents to capture paths of all elements, and a twig query is modeled as an XPattern extended from tree pattern. After definition, simplification, normalization, verification and initialization of the XPattern, both work sets and a join plan are generated. According to these measures, an effiective algorithm to answer for a twig query, called DMTwig, is designed without unnecessary elements and invalid structural joins. The algorithm can adaptively deal with twig queries with branch ([ ]), child edge (/), descendant edge (//), and wildcard (*) synthetically. We show that path-partitioned encoding scheme and XPattern guarantee the I/O and CPU optimality for twig queries. Experiments on representative data set indicate that the proposed solution performs significantly.

SNS model for providing social network channels through queries

Users can obtain the information through a basic web searching and find the answer to the questions directly,but maybe the expected answer does not exist.Besides,we do not know the update of new information in time.The online social networking services spread quickly and store many user data,but these data are worth less and may be unreliable answer to users’ questions.Users can obtain the simple answer but can not expect more additional information in knowledge question-answering(QA)system.In this paper,we design the system with the advantages of knowledge QA system,web searching and characteristics of social networking service for providing social network channel based on the query and answer without users’ contact network.The user can obtain real-time answers by the user network interested in users’ querires through the network channel of this system,get the additional information effectively and share it with others in the social network channel in this system.

A Dynamic Interval Based Circular Safe Region Algorithm for Continuous Queries on Moving Objects

Moving object database (MOD) engine is the foundation of Location-Based Service (LBS) information systems. Continuous queries are important in spatial-temporal reasoning of a MOD. The communication costs were the bottleneck for improving query efficiency until the rectangular safe region algorithm partly solved this problem. However, this algorithm can be further improved, as we demonstrate with the dynamic interval based continuous queries algorithm on moving objects. Two components, circular safe region and dynamic intervals were adopted by our algorithm. Theoretical proof and experimental results show that our algorithm substantially outperforms the traditional periodic monitoring and the rectangular safe region algorithm in terms of monitoring accuracy, reducing communication costs and server CPU time. Moreover, in our algorithm, the mobile terminals do not need to have any computational ability.

A Shallow Parsing Approach to Natural Language Queries of a Database

The performance and reliability of converting natural language into structured query language can be problematic in handling nuances that are prevalent in natural language. Relational databases are not designed to understand language nuance, therefore the question why we must handle nuance has to be asked. This paper is looking at an alternative solution for the conversion of a Natural Language Query into a Structured Query Language (SQL) capable of being used to search a relational database. The process uses the natural language concept, Part of Speech to identify words that can be used to identify database tables and table columns. The use of Open NLP based grammar files, as well as additional configuration files, assist in the translation from natural language to query language. Having identified which tables and which columns contain the pertinent data the next step is to create the SQL statement.

Converting Instance Checking to Subsumption: A Rethink for Object Queries over Practical Ontologies

Efficiently querying Description Logic (DL) ontologies is becoming a vital task in various data-intensive DL applications. Considered as a basic service for answering object queries over DL ontologies, instance checking can be realized by using the most specific concept (MSC) method, which converts instance checking into subsumption problems. This method, however, loses its simplicity and efficiency when applied to large and complex ontologies, as it tends to generate very large MSCs that could lead to intractable reasoning. In this paper, we propose a revision to this MSC method for DL SHI , allowing it to generate much simpler and smaller concepts that are specific enough to answer a given query. With independence between computed MSCs, scalability for query answering can also be achieved by distributing and parallelizing the computations. An empirical evaluation shows the efficacy of our revised MSC method and the significant efficiency achieved when using it for answering object queries.

A Tree Pattern Matching Algorithm for XML Queries with Structural Preferences

In the XML community, exact queries allow users to specify exactly what they want to check and/or retrieve in an XML document. When they are applied to a semi-structured document or to a document with an overly complex model, the lack or the ignorance of the explicit document model (DTD—Document Type Definition, Schema, etc.) increases the risk of obtaining an empty result set when the query is too specific, or, too large result set when it is too vague (e.g. it contains wildcards such as “*”). The reason is that in both cases, users write queries according to the document model they have in mind;this can be very far from the one that can actually be extracted from the document. Opposed to exact queries, preference queries are more flexible and can be relaxed to expand the search space during their evaluations. Indeed, during their evaluation, certain constraints (the preferences they contain) can be relaxed if necessary to avoid precisely empty results;moreover, the returned answers can be filtered to retain only the best ones. This paper presents an algorithm for evaluating such queries inspired by the TreeMatch algorithm proposed by Yao et al. for exact queries. In the proposed algorithm, the best answers are obtained by using an adaptation of the Skyline operator (defined in relational databases) in the context of documents (trees) to incrementally filter into the partial solutions set, those which satisfy the maximum of preferential constraints. The only restriction imposed on documents is No-Self-Containment.

一次性条件下top-k高平均效用序列模式挖掘算法

针对传统序列模式挖掘(SPM)不考虑模式重复性且忽略各项的效用(单价或利润)与模式长度对用户兴趣度影响的问题,提出一次性条件下top-k高平均效用序列模式挖掘(TOUP)算法。TOUP算法主要包括两个核心步骤:平均效用计算和候选模式生成。首先,提出基于各项出现位置与项重复关系数组的CSP(Calculation Support of Pattern)算法计算模式支持度,从而实现模式平均效用的快速计算;其次,采用项集扩展和序列扩展生成候选模式,并提出了最大平均效用上界,基于该上界实现对候选模式的有效剪枝。在5个真实数据集和1个合成数据集上的实验结果表明,相较于TOUP-dfs和HAOP-ms算法,TOUP算法的候选模式数分别降低了38.5%~99.8%和0.9%~77.6%;运行时间分别降低了33.6%~97.1%和57.9%~97.2%。TOUP的算法性能更优,能更高效地挖掘用户感兴趣的模式。

An Optimized Labeling Scheme for Reachability Queries

Answering reachability queries is one of the fundamental graph operations.Existing approaches either accelerate index construction by constructing an index that covers only partial reachability relationship,which may result in performing cost traversing operation when answering a query;or accelerate query answering by constructing an index covering the complete reachability relationship,which may be inefficient due to comparing the complete node labels.We propose a novel labeling scheme,which covers the complete reachability relationship,to accelerate reachability queries processing.The idea is to decompose the given directed acyclic graph(DAG)G into two subgraphs,G1 and G2.For G1,we propose to use topological labels consisting of two integers to answer all reachability queries.For G2,we construct 2-hop labels as existing methods do to answer queries that cannot be answered by topological labels.The benefits of our method lie in two aspects.On one hand,our method does not need to perform the cost traversing operation when answering queries.On the other hand,our method can quickly answer most queries in constant time without comparing the whole node labels.We confirm the efficiency of our approaches by extensive experimental studies using 20 real datasets.

Moving towards Personalized Geospatial Queries

Geospatial datasets are typically available as distributed collections contributed by various government or commercial providers. Supporting the diverse needs of various users that may be accessing the same dataset for different applications remains a challenging issue. In order to overcome this challenge there is a clear need to develop the capabilities to take into account complicated patterns of preference describing user and/or application particularities, and use these patterns to rank query results in terms of suitability. This paper offers a demonstration on how intelligent systems can assist geospatial queries to improve retrieval accuracy by customizing results based on preference patterns. We outline the particularities of the geospatial domain and present our method and its application.

Evaluating Relational Ranking Queries Involving both Text Attributes and Numeric Attributes

In many database applications, ranking queries may reference both text and numeric attributes, where the ranking functions are based on both semantic distances/similarities for text attributes and numeric distances for numeric attributes. In this paper, we propose a new method for evaluating such type of ranking queries over a relational database. By statistics and training, this method builds a mechanism that combines the semantic and numeric distances, and the mechanism can be used to balance the effects of text attributes and numeric attributes on matching a given query and tuples in database search. The basic idea of the method is to create an index based on WordNet to expand the tuple words semantically for text attributes and on the information of numeric attributes. The candidate results for a query are retrieved by the index and a simple SQL selection statement, and then top-N answers are obtained. The results of extensive experiments indicate that the performance of this new strategy is efficient and effective.

A Database Querying Language for Formulating Relational Queries on Small Devices

For small devices like the PDAs and mobile phones, formulation of relational database queries is not as simple as using conventional devices such as the personal computers and laptops. Due to the restricted size and resources of these smaller devices, current works mostly limit the queries that can be posed by users by having them predetermined by the developers. This limits the capability of these devices in supporting robust queries. Hence, this paper proposes a universal relation based database querying language which is targeted for small devices. The language allows formulation of relational database queries that uses minimal query terms. The formulation of the language and its structure will be described and usability test results will be presented to support the effectiveness of the language.