Topology and Semantic Information Fusion Classification Network Based on Hyperspectral Images of Chinese Herbs

Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is better at representing the structure of hyperspectral data.This paper proposes a deep learning model called Topology and semantic information fusion classification network(TSFnet)that incorporates a topology structure and semantic information transmis-sion network to accurately classify traditional Chinese medicine in hyperspectral images.TSFnet uses a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract features and a graph convolution network(GCN)to capture potential topological relationships among different types of Chinese herbal medicines.The results show that TSFnet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning classification algorithms in two different scenarios of herbal medicine datasets.Additionally,the proposed TSFnet model is lightweight and can be easily deployed for mobile herbal medicine classification.

Geo-rough Space

Rough set is a new approach to uncertainties in spatial analysis.In this paper,rough set symbols are simplified and standardized in terms of rough interpretation and specialized indication.Rough spatial entities and their topological relationships are also proposed in rough space,thus a universal intersected equation is developed,and rough membership function is further extended with the gray scale in our case study.We complete three works.First,a set of simplified rough symbols is advanced on the basis of existing rough symbols.Second,rough spatial entity is put forward to study the real world as it is,without forcing uncertainties into crisp set.Third,rough spatial topological relationships are studied by using rough matrix and their figures.The relationships are divided into three types,crisp entity and crisp entity (CC),rough entity and crisp entity (RC),and rough entity and rough entity (RR).A universal intersected equation is further proposed.Finally,the maximum and minimum maps of river thematic classification are generated via rough membership function and rough relationships in our case study.

IMPROVING 9-INTERSECTION MODEL BY REPLACING THE COMPLEMENT WITH VORONOI REGION

9-intersection model is the most popular framework used for formalizing the spatial relations between two spatial objectsA andB. It transforms the topological relationships between two simple spatial objectsA andB into point-set topology problem in terms of the intersections ofA’s boundary (?A), interior (A 0) and (A ?) withB’s boundary (?B), interior (B 0) and exterior (B ?). It is shown in this paper that there exist some limitations of the original 9-intersection model due to its definition of an object’s exterior as its complement, and it is difficult to distinguish different disjoint relations and relations between complex objects with holes, difficult or even impossible to compute the intersections with the two object’s complements (?A∩B ?,A 0∩?B ?,A ?∩?B,A ?∩B 0 andA ?∩B ?)since the complements are infinitive. The authors suggest to re-define the exterior of spatial object by replacing the complement with its Voronoi region. A new Voronoi-based 9-intersection (VNI) is proposed and used for formalizing topological relations between spatial bojects. By improving the 9-intersection model, it is now possible to distinguish disjoint relations and to deal with objects with holes. Also it is possible to compute the exterior-based intersections and manipulate spatial relations with the VNI.

Degradable magnesium-hydroxyapatite interpenetrating phase composites processed by current assisted metal infiltration in additive-manufactured porous preforms

This work explores ceramic additive manufacturing in combination with liquid metal infiltration for the production of degradable interpenetrating phase magnesium/hydroxyapatite(Mg/HA) composites. Material extrusion additive manufacturing was used to produce stoichiometric,and calcium deficient HA preforms with a well-controlled open pore network, allowing the customization of the topological relationship of the composite. Pure Mg and two different Mg alloys were used to infiltrate the preforms by means of an advanced liquid infiltration method inspired by spark plasma sintering, using a novel die design to avoid the structural collapse of the preform. Complete infiltration was achieved in 8 min, including the time for the Mg melting. The short processing time enabled to restrict the decomposition of HA due to the reducing capacity of liquid Mg. The pure Mg-base composites showed compressive yield strength above pure Mg in cast state. Mg alloy-based composites did not show higher strength than the bare alloys due to grain coarsening, but showed similar mechanical properties than other Mg/HA composites that have significantly higher fraction of metallic phase. The composites showed faster degradation rate under simulated body conditions than the bare metallic component due to the formation of galvanic pairs at microstructural level. Mg dissolved preferentially over HA leaving behind a scaffold after a prolonged degradation period. In turn, the fast production of soluble degradation products caused cell metabolic changes after 24 h of culture with not-diluted material extracts. The topological optimization and reduction of the degradation rate are the topics for future research.

Spatial skyline query method based on Hilbert R-tree in multi-dimensional space

In view of the shortage of the spatial skyline query methods(SSQ methods) in dealing with the problem of skyline query in multidimensional space, a spatial skyline query method based on Hilbert R-tree in multidimensional space is proposed. This method takes the advantages of Hilbert R-tree which combines R-tree and Hilbert curve with high efficiency and dimensionality reduction. According to the number of query points, the proposed method in static query point environment is divided into single query point of SSQ method(SQ-HSKY algorithm) and multi-query points of SSQ method(MQP-HSKY algorithm). The SQ-HSKY method uses the spatial relationship between objects to propose pruning strategy and the skyline set in the filtering and refining process are computed. The MQP-HSKY method uses the topological relationship between data points and query points to prune non skyline points and generate the dominant decision circle to obtain the global skyline set. Theoretical study and experiments confirm the effectiveness and superiority of these methods on the skyline query.

The trade network of the Belt and Road Initiative and its topological relationship to the global trade network

Unimpeded trade is one of the cooperation priorities in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. On 15 May 2017, the Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation reaffirmed the participants＇ shared commitment to build an open economy and ensure free and inclusive trade. The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is not only China＇s new action to drive its open and global develoPment, but also a platform for an increasing number of countries to explore free and inclusive trade and promote a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory, and equitable multilateral trade system. It is therefore important to examine BRI and global trade networks. More specifically, the topological relationship between the this article first analyzes the community structure of trade networks using a community detection algorithm, and then estimates the topological relationship between different trade communities. The findings of this article are as follows. First, this research identified three trade communities and two sub-communities in the BRI trade network, in which China is the core, Russia is the sub-core of the biggest trade community, and India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are cores of the second trade community （South Asia-West Asia）. Second, it identified five trade communities in the global trade network, centred on China, USA, Russia, India-United Arab Emirates, and Ger- many-Netherlands-France-Britain and other European developed countries. Third, the topo- logical analysis indicated that in the global trade network, most BRI countries are attracted by the core nodes of the BRI regions, such as the China, Russia and India-United Arab Emirates core nodes, and have strong trade contacts with BRI countries. Most Central-East European countries are mainly attracted by Germany-Netherlands-France-Britain and other developed European countries with a low penetration of BRI trade. Although some Southeast Asian countries are incorporated into the Asia-Australia-South Africa community with China as the core, they still need to strengthen trade linkages with BRI countries.

Boolean Operations on Conic Polygons

An algorithm for Boolean operations on conic polygons is proposed. Conic polygons are polygons consisting of conic segments or bounded conics with directions. Preliminaries of Boolean operations on general polygons are presented. In our algorithm, the intersection points and the topological relationships between two conic polygons are computed. Boundaries are obtained by tracking path and selecting uncrossed boundaries following rule tables to build resulting conic polygons. We define a set of rules for the intersection, union, and subtraction operations on conic polygons. The algorithm considers degeneration cases such as homology, complement, interior, and exterior. The algorithm is also evaluated and implemented.

Internal force and deformation matrixes and their applications in load path

This paper deals with the internal force and the deformation matrixes, both of which can be used to analyze the topological relationship of a structure. Based on the reciprocal theorem, the relationship between the two matrixes is established, which greatly simplifies the computation of the internal force matrix. According to the characteristics of the internal force matrix, the transfer law of the matrix itself (due to the removal of components) is established based on the principle of linear superposition. With the relation of the two matrixes, the transfer law of the deformation matrix is also obtained. The transfer law illuminates the change regularity of internal force or deformation of the remnant structure when certain members are cut off one after another. The results of numerical examples show that the proposed methods are correct, reliable and effective.

A New Method of Multi-Scale Geologic Modeling and Display

A new method of multi-scale modeling and display of geologic data is introduced to provide information with appropriate detail levels for different types of research. The multi-scale display mode employs a model extending existing 2D methods into 3D space. Geologic models with different scales are organized by segmenting data into orthogonal blocks. A flow diagram illustrates an octree method for upscaling between blocks with different scales. Upscaling data from the smallest unit cells takes into account their average size and the Burgers vector when there are mismatches. A geocellular model of the Chengdao Reservoir of the Shengli Oilfield, China is taken as an illustrative case, showing that the methods proposed can construct a multi-scale geologic model correctly and display data from the multi-scale model effectively in 3D.

Crystal and electronic structure engineering of tin monoxide by external pressure

Although tin monoxide (SnO) is an interesting compound due to its p-type conductivity,a widespread application of SnO has been limited by its narrow band gap of 0.7 eV.In this work,we theoretically investigate the structural and electronic properties of several SnO phases under high pressures through employing van der Waals (vdW) functionals.Our calculations reveal that a metastable SnO (β-SnO),which possesses space group P2_(1)/c and a wide band gap of 1.9 eV,is more stable than α-SnO at pressures higher than 80 GPa.Moreover,a stable (space group P2/c) and a metastable (space group Pnma) phases of SnO appear at pressures higher than 120 GPa.Energy and topological analyses show that P2/c-SnO has a high possibility to directly transform to β-SnO at around 120 GPa.Our work also reveals that β-SnO is a necessary intermediate state between high-pressure phase Pnma-SnO and low-pressure phase α-SnO for the phase transition path Pnma-SnO →β-SnO →α-SnO.Two phase transition analyses indicate that there is a high possibility to synthesize β-SnO under high-pressure conditions and have it remain stable under normal pressure.Finally,our study reveals that the conductive property of β-SnO can be engineered in a low-pressure range (0-9 GPa)through a semiconductor-to-metal transition,while maintaining transparency in the visible light range.